Abstract: An apparatus for treating particulate material has a process chamber for receiving and treating the material. A bottom is composed of a plurality of overlapping guide plates which are placed one above the other and between which annular slots for process air to pass through are formed. An annular-gap nozzle is arranged centrally in the bottom, the orifice of this annular-gap nozzle being designed in such a way that a planar spray pancake which runs approximately parallel to the bottom plane can be sprayed.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a particulate material, in particular for mixing, drying, granulating, pelletizing and/or coating the material, has a container which has a process chamber arranged around a longitudinal mid-axis of the container and formed as an annular chamber, and also a container central duct, separated from the process chamber, as a flow duct for process air, which duct opens into the lower region of the process chamber, an upper region of the process chamber being open. In at least one first operating state, the upper open region of the process chamber communicates with the container central duct so as to conduct process air, by the container central duct widening circumferentially towards the upper region of the process chamber and opening towards the process chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating particulate material has an elongated, tunnel-like process chamber, along which the material to be treated can be moved from an inlet to an outlet. A bottom of said process chamber is designed in that two flows of introduced process air are oriented transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction and impinge on each other along a breaking-up zone. Arranged in the bottom are air guide elements which can be adjusted by an adjustment device in that the process air can have superimposed on it a variable movement component in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A device for treating particulate material has a process chamber. A bottom of the process chamber is composed of baffle plates which overlap one another and between which slots are formed. It is proposed to design the baffle plates as annular plates, so that circular slots are formed, and to place the annular plates in such a way that a radially outer, first flow, directed from outside to inside, of process air passing through, and a radially inner, second flow, directed from inside to outside, of process air passing through are formed, the two opposed flows meeting one another along a circular breaking-up zone and being deflected into a flow directed vertically upwards.

Abstract: An oscillating piston machine comprises a plurality of pistons which are arranged in a housing, rotate together in the housing about an axis of rotation which is essentially central in the housing and is fixed to the housing, and execute reciprocating oscillating movements about a respective oscillation axis as they rotate in the housing, in each case two adjacent pistons executing oscillating movements in opposite directions. The housing is of spherical construction on the inside, the oscillation axes of the pistons being formed by a common oscillation axis which run essentially through the center of the housing.

Abstract: A process for treating a particulate material is described, comprising the steps of filling the material into a container, the container having a base, an upright wall widening from bottom to top, and a deflection element adjoining the wall in an upper region of the container, moving the material in the container in a continuous circulatory movement along the base to the wall and along the wall upward by rotating the wall about a vertical axis of rotation, and moving the material along the deflection element by means of an air stream, which is introduced substantially from bottom to top through at least one air gap in a transition region from the wall to the deflection element and, in a region adjacent to the air gap, substantially tangentially with respect to the course of at least one of the wall and the deflection element. Further an apparatus for carrying out the process is described.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating particle-shaped material has a process chamber for accommodating and treating the material. A base is composed of guide plates which are placed one above the other in different planes and overlap one another and between which slots are arranged, via which process air can be directed into the process chamber with an essentially horizontal component motion. It is proposed to provide a vertical-adjustment device which interacts with the guide plates and by means of which the distance between the guide plates and thus the height of the slots can be varied.

Abstract: A device (10) for treating particulate material has a bottom (14) made of mutually overlapping guide plates (16-19), between which slots (21-24) are formed. The slots (21-24) are arranged in such a way, that two opposite flows directed toward each other are produced, which meet each along a central breaking-up zone (26). Two spray nozzles (28, 30) are arranged at opposite ends of the breaking-up zone (26). The slots (21-24) run so that as to be let together in the region of each nozzle (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for treating particulate material with a coating medium, in particular for sugarcoating or film-coating pharmaceutical or food preformed pieces. The apparatus comprises a container drivable to rotate about a rotation axis, a spraying device for spraying the material with the coating medium and supplying means for supplying process air. The container comprises a bottom and an upstanding wall where the rotation axis of the container is substantially vertical and where an inclined return surface is arranged in the container. The return surface extends from an upper region of the container in the direction of an inner diameter region of the bottom.

Abstract: An oscillating-piston engine comprises a housing, in which several pistons configured as two-armed levers are arranged pivotably, respectively, around a pivot axis being parallel to a central housing axis and movable commonly in a revolution direction. The pistons comprise running surfaces on their side facing away from the housing inner wall, which are guided alongside at least one control cam when the pistons revolve in the housing, of a centrally housing-fixed cam piece, in order to control the pivot movements of the pistons in revolution. The control cam is configured as inner contour on the cam piece, alongside of which the pistons are guided supported to the side of the centrifugal force via the running surfaces. The cam piece comprises another, inner contour configured as a control cam alongside of which the pistons are guided supported to the direction of the central housing axis via the running surfaces.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for treating particulate material with a coating medium, in particular for sugarcoating or film-coating pharmaceutical or food preformed pieces. The apparatus comprises a container drivable to rotate about a rotation axis, a spraying device for spraying the material with the coating medium and supplying means for supplying process air. The container comprises a bottom and an upstanding wall where the rotation axis of the container is substantially vertical and where an inclined return surface is arranged in the container. The return surface extends from an upper region of the container in the direction of an inner diameter region of the bottom.

Abstract: A multi-substance diffusing nozzle having at least three concentric flow channels each leading to a gap-like discharge opening, a discharge gap for atomizing a liquid being surrounded on either side by a discharge gap for passing out a gas, is configured such that the gap width of the discharge gap for atomizing the liquid at the discharge opening is in the range from 0.2 mm to 2.2 mm; that the gap width of the discharge gaps for passing out the gases at the discharge opening is in each case in the range from 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm; and that the ratio between the gap width of the discharge gap for atomizing the liquid and its circumferential gap length is in the range from 1:50 to 1:5000 (FIG. 2).

Abstract: An oscillating-piston engine comprises a housing in which multiple pistons are each arranged pivotably about a piston axis parallel to a central housing axis and are movable together in a revolution direction about said housing axis. It is proposed to arrange, centrally in said housing, a cam piece which is immovable with respect to said housing, there being configured, on the sides of said pistons facing said cam piece, running surfaces which, as said pistons revolve along an outer contour of said cam piece, are guided in constant contact therewith.

Abstract: An outlet slot (A) for generating a spray curtain (C) is defined by mutually abutting outlet faces of two outer nozzle elements (30) and one central nozzle element (31), all being connected to a support body (10) and separable from each other. At least the two outlet faces (32) of the central nozzle element (31) have a profiled structure roughened, for instance, by sandblasting and to permit discharge of the liquid. Two nozzle slats (40) are connected to the support body (10) and the two nozzle elements (30) are arranged between them. Together with one nozzle slat (40) each the two nozzle elements (30) define a gas outlet slot (D) which likewise extends along the spray curtain (C) to be formed.

Abstract: Four pistons (20) are arranged offset from one another at angular spacings of 90.degree. in a housing (10) having a cylindrical inner wall, and they are each supported to be pivotable about a piston axis (B) which is parallel to the housing axis (A). The pistons (20) are designed as two-armed levers whose arms are in rolling engagement with a respective adjacent piston arm so that four housing chambers (18) are defined in the housing (10) by a pair each of piston arms in rolling engagement with each other. Either a fuel-air mixture or air into which fuel is injected is processed in the housing chambers (18) according to the Otto or Diesel four stroke cycle, with the pistons (20) rocking back and forth like a balance. These rocking motions are converted into rotation of a central shaft (30) by cam followers (38) which roll off running surfaces (40) formed on the pistons (20).

Abstract: A ring of baffle plates (36) with intermediate spaces (38) in which a rising gas stream is given a twist is arranged in a vessel (10) between an entrance space (30, 50) and a fluidized bed space (60) located above the same. Nozzles (40) are disposed in individual intermediate spaces (38) between a pair of baffle plates (36) each for spraying fluidizable substances into the gas stream. The entrance space comprises a first inlet chamber (30) with which only intermediate spaces (38) without nozzles (40) between baffle plates (36) communicate. The intermediate spaces (38) with nozzles (40) are shielded from the first inlet chamber (30) and connected to a second inlet chamber (50) which is adapted to be fed separately from the first inlet chamber with process gas. This provides novel possibilities of influencing a fluidized bed, especially of rendering it more uniform.

Abstract: In a fluidized bed apparatus a process gas flows through a process chamber (46) and subsequently through a filter group, including a total number of at least two filter cartridges (50), while a respective part of the number of filter cartridges (50) is blocked, in rotation, to the gas flow coming from the process chamber (46) and is passed instead in opposite direction by a purging gas. An overall quantity of process gas exceeding the gas demand in the process chamber (46) at the ratio of the partial number mentioned to the total number of filter cartridges (50) is supplied to the apparatus. The exceeding partial amount of process gas is branched off in the apparatus ahead of the process chamber (46), passed as purging gas through the partial number mentioned of filter cartridges (50), and subsequently discharged through the remaining number of filter cartridges (50) together with the residual quantity of process gas coming from the process chamber (46).

Abstract: In a treatment chamber (12) having a gas inlet (16) and gas outlet (18) to produce a general flow of gas (E) directed from the bottom to the top a hollow lance (40) extends transversely of the general flow of gas (E) between two pairs of guide vanes (42,44). The outline of the lance (40) is symmetrical with respect to a vertical center plane (A), and it includes a conveyor channel (60) which extends in longitudinal direction of the lance and to which discharge nozzles (80) for material are connected. A pair of semishells (52) are arranged above the guide vanes (42,44) and, together with the guide vanes (42,44), they form a straight trough (53) which is at least approximately symmetrical with respect to the center plane (A). A pressure gradient can be produced between the gas inlet (16) and the gas outlet (18) at which gradient a rectilinear fluidized bed (F) is formed within the trough (53).

Abstract: In a container (12) a treatment space (14) for substance (16) is arranged and therebelow a wind chamber (22). The wind chamber (22) is defined upwardly by a circular rotor disc (42) which is rotatable drivably about an upright central (42) which is rotatable drivably about an upright central axis (A) and has at least one opening (44) which is elongated in approximately radial direction and which allows a gas stream (50) from the wind chamber (22) into the treatment space (14). The rotor disc (42) forms the sole partition between wind chamber (22) and treatment space (14). Associated with the or each opening (44) of the rotor disc (42) is a closure means which is opened in normal operation but is closable for stopping the apparatus. Stationarily arranged above the rotor disc (42) is at least one retaining blade (98) which prevents substance lying on the rotor (40) from rotating with the latter.

Abstract: In a container (12) a treatment space (14) for substance (16) is arranged, therebelow a wind chamber (22) and between the two a sieve bottom (80). Beneath the sieve bottom (80) a rotor (40) having a circular rotor disc (42) is arranged which is rotatably drivable about an upright central axis (A). The rotor (40) comprises at least one opening (44) which is elongated in approximately radial direction and which allows a gas stream (50) from the wind chamber (22) to pass through the sieve bottom (80) upwardly into the treatment space (14). The sieve bottom (80) comprises approximately radial blades (82) which are each arranged in an at least approximately vertical plane immediately above the rotor disc (42) in such a manner that they conduct the gas stream (50) in a sharply defined sector upwardly.