Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for ensuring uniform and reproducible heating of a deformation-tolerant substrate during low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a metal film on a surface of the substrate. The uniform and reproducible heating of the substrate is achieved in the present invention by positioning the substrate on a beveled surface of a chamfered ring which is located above the heating element in a CVD reactor chamber. The space between heating element, chamfered ring and bottom surface of the substrate define a cavity between the substrate and heating element that ensures that the substrate is heated by radiative means rather than direct contact.

Abstract: In copper backend integrated circuit technology, advanced technology using low-k organic-based interlayer dielectrics have a problem of carbon contamination that dos not occur in circuits using oxide as dielectric. A composite liner layer for the copper lines uses Ti as the bottom layer, which has the property of gettering carbon and other contaminants. The known problem with Ti of reacting with copper to form a high resistivity compound is avoided by adding a layer of TiN, which isolates the Ti and the copper.

Abstract: A method of designing, fabricating and operating antennas is disclosed that considers the diffusive nature of the environment in which the antennas are to operate. Furthermore, the antennas can be designed, fabricated and operated so as to provide the optimal channel capacity possible given the diffusive nature of the environment in which they are to operate. The illustrative embodiment of the present invention comprises: describing an environment; describing a candidate antenna; determining a performance characteristic based on the candidate antenna with respect to the environment; and fabricating a first antenna in accordance with the candidate antenna.

Abstract: Multi-disk clutch connected downstream of a power split transmission consisting of a double clutch whose individual clutches rotate in opposite directions, the rotational-speed dependent axial forces being compensated on the shift piston, and has a valve which releases or blocks the flow of coolant to the disks and a return spring with an increasing spring characteristic line for calibrating the clutch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for ensuring uniform and reproducible heating of a deformation-tolerant substrate during low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a metal film on a surface of the substrate. The uniform and reproducible heating of the substrate is achieved in the present invention by positioning the substrate on a beveled surface of a chamfered ring which is located above the heating element in a CVD reactor chamber. The space between heating element, chamfered ring and bottom surface of the substrate define a cavity between the substrate and heating element that ensures that the substrate is heated by radiative means rather than direct contact.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, an optical waveguide comprising a longitudinally extending core housing an optical grating and a cladding layer peripherally surrounding the core, is provided with an outer surface of the cladding layer having one or more perturbations. Each perturbation has a height with respect to the core that varies by at least 0.1 times a Bragg wavelength of the grating over the surface of the perturbation and covers an extent of the outer surface whose linear dimensions are less than 1 cm. The perturbations suppress cladding mode spectra and reduce short wavelength cladding mode loss.

Abstract: A method for forming an open-bottom liner for a conductor in an electronic structure and devices formed are disclosed. In the method, a pre-processed electronic substrate that has a dielectric layer on top is first provided. Via openings are then formed in a dielectric layer to expose an underlying conductive layer. The electronic substrate is then positioned in a cold-wall, low pressure chemical vapor deposition chamber, while the substrate is heated to a temperature of at least 350° C. A precursor gas is then flowed into the CVD chamber to a partial pressure of not higher than 10 mTorr, and metal is deposited from the precursor gas onto sidewalls of the via openings while bottoms of the via openings are substantially uncovered by the metal. The present invention method may be further enhanced by, optionally, modifications of a I-PVD technique or a seed layer deposition technique.

Abstract: A cooling structure and a reinforcing structure are described for use with a radio-frequency coil in an ionized physical vapor deposition apparatus. The cooling structure includes a portion for carrying coolant and is proximate to the RF coil along the outer circumference thereof. The cooling structure is shaped relative to the RF coil so that thermal expansion of the RF coil brings the RF coil into close contact with the cooling structure, thereby facilitating heat transfer from the RF coil to the coolant. The reinforcing structure is similarly shaped, and may be integrated with the cooling structure. In addition, the RF coil or cooling/reinforcing structure may be mounted to the wall of the process chamber with telescoping mounting posts, which permit the RF coil to maintain its shape while undergoing thermal expansion. The parasitic inductance of the RF coil leads is reduced by arranging those leads coaxially, thereby minimizing power losses in the RF coil.

Abstract: Improvements are described for a wafer clamp ring used in an IPVD apparatus to provide cooling for the wafer clamp ring, to protect the wafer clamp ring from ion bombardment, and to prevent damage to the wafer. The wafer clamp ring is placed on a cooling fixture when not required for a deposition process. The fixture is annular in shape and in close thermal contact with a circulating coolant and is thereby cooled below ambient temperature. The cooling line and the cooling fixture are fixed relative to the IPVD device, so that problems associated with flexible cooling lines are avoided. An annular grounded shield may be provided between the plasma and clamp ring to protect the clamp ring against ion bombardment during the deposition process. The wafer clamp ring may have a portion which overhangs the wafer during a deposition process, and which has a ridge portion extending downwards therefrom and tapering to a knife edge.

Abstract: The gear-change transmission has a closely stepped input group (7) before a main group for fine tuning the speed within a working range. Between the input group (7) and the main group (8) is situated a pressurized-oil cooled drag-torque reducing multi-disc starting clutch (26) so that the gears in both groups can also be easily engaged when using synchronizer positive clutches (18, 20). A reversing shaft (13) for reverse gear is fully integrated in the input group (7) and its gear clutches (F/G) can be introduced with a gear selector (83, 112) the same as for the remaining splitter gears of the input group (7). A change-over clutch (36) for an intermediate transmission (9) is optionally placed directly before the starting clutch (26) operatively and structurally on the primary shaft (32) of the starting clutch (26).

Abstract: The present invention provides anti-angina pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2, R is a hydrogen atom or an H--(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene, hydroxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene-CO--, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--CO--NR.sup.3 --(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene or R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--CO-- radical, A is a valency bond or an --NR.sup.4 --CO-- or --CO-- NR.sup.4 -- radical, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated or cyclic alkyl radical containing up to 6 carbon atoms and B is a valency bond or a straight-chained or branched alkylene chain containing up to 8 carbon atoms, in which a --CH.sub.2 -- group can be replaced by a cycloalkylene radical containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention concerns a multi-step speed-change transmission. An intermediate transmission (9) is situated between an input group (7) and a main group (8). A double gear (28, 29) forms an additional overdrive. The speed-change transmission according to the invention is provided for use in motor vehicles utilized in agriculture or construction.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions effective against angina-like heart and circulatory diseases containing at least one nitroxyalkylamine derivative of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower-alkyl radical, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkenyl radical, an aminocarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -mono- or di-alkylaminocarbonyl radical, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a lower-alkyl radical or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radical or R.sup.2, together with R.sup.1 and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heteroaliphatic ring containing up to 6 carbon atoms, A is a valency bond or a straight-chained or branched lower-alkylene radical, in which a --CH.sub.2 -- group can be replaced by a cycloalkylene radical, B is a lower-alkylene radical, in which a --CH.sub.2 -- group can be replaced by a cycloalkylene radical and X is an --NR.sup.3 --CO-- or --CO--NR.sup.3 -- radical, in which R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention provides anti-angina pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2, R is a hydrogen atom or an H-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene, hydroxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene-CO--, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N-CO-NR.sup.3 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylene or R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N-CO-- radical, A is a valency bond or an --NR.sup.4 --CO-- or --CO--NR.sup.4 -- radical, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated of cyclic alkyl radical containing up to 6 carbon atoms and B is a valency bond or a straight-chained or branched alkylene chain containing up to 8 carbon atoms, in which a --CH.sub.2 -- group can be replaced by a cycloalkylene radical containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic radical, A is a straight-chained or branched alkylene chain containing up to 8 carbon atoms, a --CH.sub.2 -- group of which can be replaced by a cycloalkylene radical containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, B is a straight-chained mono- or bicyclic, optionally branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene chain containing up to 12 carbon atoms, a --CH.sub.2 -- group of which can be replaced by a cycloalkylene radical containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms and/or up to two --CH.sub.2 -- groups of which can be replaced by an oxygen or a sulphur atom or by an --S(.dbd.O) or --S(.dbd.O).sub.2 group, X is a valency bond, an oxygen atom or an --NR.sup.1 group, in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or nitroxyalkyl radical containing up to 6 carbon atoms or R.sup.1, together with the nitrogen atom of the --NR.sup.

Abstract: In a mechanism for driving motor vehicles having a synchromesh gearbox with a friction clutch for each of two power branches with at least four power shiftable speeds and consecutive speeds are alternatively present on each one of the two power branches. Each friction clutch is a wet disc clutch with its inner discs having continuous radial grooves for a cooling oil flow supplied from a bore in a shaft. A switch piston shuts off the flow of cooling oil when the friction clutch is disengaged or almost completely disengaged. A prestressed cup spring in a compensating cylinder serves as a strong return spring thereby accelerating disengagement or delaying engagement of the friction clutch. Corrugated spring rings, axially situated between the inner discs and radially within the outer discs, serve as additional return springs. The wet clutch operates as a dry clutch and only has a low torque when it is disengaged.

Abstract: The present invention provides new aminopropanol derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a direct bond, a straight-chained or branched alkylene chain containing up to 3 carbon atoms or a --CO--CH.sub.2 -- group; X is a direct bond or a carbonyl group; B is a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene chain containing up to 12 carbon atoms, in which one or two --CH.sub.2 -- groups can also be replaced by a saturated or unsaturated alkylene ring containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms and/or by an oxygen or sulphur atom or an --S(.dbd.O)-- or --S(.dbd.O).sub.2 -- group, n is 1, 2 or 3; R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical containing up to 6 carbon atoms or a --B--(ONO.sub.2).sub.n group, in which B and n have the same meanings as above, or when A is a --CO--CH.sub.2 -- group and X is a direct bond, R.sub.

Abstract: Powershift transmission especially for tractors, constructed in sections with a multispeed main transmission, a reversing transmission and a range-change transmission with synchronizing clutches, with two power branches having two additional friction clutches which are structurally connected to a double clutch arranged coaxially with the free gears of the main transmission and axial between these free gears.

Abstract: In a power take-off a spring engages a hydraulically actuated clutch-activating pressure plate to force the same into a neutral position. In one embodiment of the invention a hydraulically operated spring-loaded piston for arresting the rotational motion of an output shaft engages the pressure plate upon shifting thereof into its neutral position and consequent uncoupling of the output shaft from an input or drive shaft. In another embodiment of the invention an annular friction disk slidably connected or splined to the output shaft for stopping the same is clamped between a brake housing and a hydraulically actuated piston. The pistons automatically retract under the action of respective springs upon shut-off of the vehicle engine driving the input shaft and energizing the hydraulic system actuating the plates and the pistons, whereby the angular position of the output shaft may be manually adjusted.