Abstract: A process for mixing or dispersing liquids is provided that includes introducing liquids to be mixed or dispersed into a mixing device having a cylindrical support. The cylindrical support includes an inlet nozzle having a bore which is in fluid communication through a turbulence chamber with a bore of an outlet nozzle, wherein the bores of the nozzles are axially spaced apart relative to one another. The liquids are then allowed to enter the turbulence chamber through the bore of the inlet nozzle where the liquids are mixed or dispersed. The mixed or dispersed liquid is then recovered from the outlet nozzle. Various devices for mixing or dispersing liquids are also provided.

Abstract: A process for mixing or dispersing liquids is provided that includes introducing liquids to be mixed or dispersed into a mixing device having a cylindrical support. The cylindrical support includes an inlet nozzle having a bore which is in fluid communication through a turbulence chamber with a bore of an outlet nozzle, wherein the bores of the nozzles are axially spaced apart relative to one another. The liquids are then allowed to enter the turbulence chamber through the bore of the inlet nozzle where the liquids are mixed or dispersed. The mixed or dispersed liquid is then recovered from the outlet nozzle. Various devices for mixing or dispersing liquids are also provided.

Abstract: A process for mixing or dispersing liquids is provided that includes introducing liquids to be mixed or dispersed into a mixing device having a cylindrical support. The cylindrical support includes an inlet nozzle having a bore which is in fluid communication through a turbulence chamber with a bore of an outlet nozzle, wherein the bores of the nozzles are axially spaced apart relative to one another. The liquids are then allowed to enter the turbulence chamber through the bore of the inlet nozzle where the liquids are mixed or dispersed. The mixed or dispersed liquid is then recovered from the outlet nozzle. Various devices for mixing or dispersing liquids are also provided.

Abstract: A process for mixing or dispersing liquids is provided that includes introducing liquids to be mixed or dispersed into a mixing device having a cylindrical support. The cylindrical support includes an inlet nozzle having a bore which is in fluid communication through a turbulence chamber with a bore of an outlet nozzle, wherein the bores of the nozzles are axially spaced apart relative to one another. The liquids are then allowed to enter the turbulence chamber through the bore of the inlet nozzle where the liquids are mixed or dispersed. The mixed or dispersed liquid is then recovered from the outlet nozzle. Various devices for mixing or dispersing liquids are also provided.

Abstract: A process for mixing or dispersing liquids is provided that includes introducing liquids to be mixed or dispersed into a mixing device having a cylindrical support. The cylindrical support includes an inlet nozzle having a bore which is in fluid communication through a turbulence chamber with a bore of an outlet nozzle, wherein the bores of the nozzles are axially spaced apart relative to one another. The liquids are then allowed to enter the turbulence chamber through the bore of the inlet nozzle where the liquids are mixed or dispersed. The mixed or dispersed liquid is then recovered from the outlet nozzle. Various devices for mixing or dispersing liquids are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a pulverous preparation having a finely divided carotenoid, retinoid or natural colorant is provided, which process comprises the steps of: a) forming a suspension of the active ingredient in a water-immiscible organic solvent optionally containing an antioxidant and/or an oil; b) feeding the suspension of step a) to a heat exchanger; c) heating the suspension to 100-250° C., whereby the residence time in the heat exchanger is less than 5 sec to provide a solution; d) rapidly mixing the solution of step c) with an aqueous solution of a swellable colloid and optionally a stabilizer such that the resulting mixture is at a temperature in the range of 20-100° C.; e) removing the organic solvent; and f) converting the dispersion of step e) into a pulverous preparation; where steps b) to f) are carried out continuously and in sequence.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a pulverous preparation having a finely divided carotenoid, retinoid or natural colorant is provided, which process comprises the steps of:

Abstract: The roller exhibits a support body which is provided with a plurality of support disks. Insulating layers are arranged between the support disks. A heat-resistant cable surrounding the support body in several coils is embedded in each insulating layer. The insulating layer consists of fiber material which is sprayed on at the same time as the cable is wound around the support body. The cable provides a firm and lasting connection of the insulating layer to the support body.

Abstract: A novel process for producing powdered carotenoid preparations, in which a suspension of a carotenoid in a high-boiling oil is brought into contact with superheated steam during a maximum period of 30 seconds, and subsequently emulsified the liquified solution of said carotenoid in oil produced by said contact with superheated steam in an aqueous solution of a colloid and then spraying and drying said emulsion to a powder.

Abstract: A device for evaluating periodic signals from inductive pick-ups compensates for the lag of the pick-up signal. This lag increases with increasing frequency as a consequence of the inductance of the pick-up, with respect to the position of a movable part that is to be scanned by the said pick-up. The relative time shift in the evaluation edge of the pick-up signal, which is phase-compensated via the frequency, is compensated for via changes in the amplitude of the pick-up signal.

Abstract: A roller assembly for a roller furnace for heat treating slabs is provided with thermal insulation. A metal roller has carrier rings spaced at intervals thereon for carrying a slab to be treated. A needled first fiber mat surrounds the metal roller between the carrier rings and has a fibrous spraying compound sprayed thereon. A binder in the fibrous spraying compound joins the fiber spraying compound with the first fiber mat. A precompressed second fiber mat is laterally disposed between the carrier rings and the fibrous spraying compound. The result is a thermal insulation arrangement which withstands the dynamic stresses of the roller assembly as well as the chemical stresses due to the presence of a hot slab.

Abstract: In a process for cleaning a waste gas containing various pollutants, the exhaust gas with the pollutants is introduced directly into a reduction reactor. In the reactor, the pollutants are reduced by ammonia. The catalyst used is iron oxide material or a mixed oxide material of iron oxide and chromium oxide, or a mixture of the mixture material of the mixed oxide material and the iron oxide material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases and similar chemical air cleaning processes, in which a catalytically active material is deposited and bonded on a carrier made of metal, preferably stainless steel. The carrier is preferably in the form of a perforated metal plate, or of rib mesh, or a grid, preferably fabric, honeycombed or knitted material made of metal wire, or a similar material with a high specific surface. To simplify manufacturing and to improve the characteristics of the catalysts, the invention proposes the use of an acid which etches the surface of the metal carrier as the binder for the catalytically active material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cartridge to hold catalyst plates, which plates are spaced apart, thereby leaving open slot-shaped channels for the passage of fluids to be cleaned catalytically by the plates. The cartridge is shaped in a parallelepiped or an essentially cubic form. There are recesses which form mountings for the insertion of the catalyst plates on at least two sides facing one another. The recesses are groove-like, into which the edges of the catalyst plates fit. For the simplest possible and most solid fastening of the catalyst plates in the cartridge, the mountings comprise a metal wire mesh as the static element, which is coated with a coating containing vermiculite or a similar material which expands when heated. Zeolite may also be used as the coating material.

Abstract: A structure made from catalyst for use in the separation of nitrogen oxides from combustion exhaust gases which contain dust. The catalytic structure has plates with spaces therebetween to carry a flow of the exhaust gas therethrough. The catalyst is constructed of individual ceramic plates. The abrasion or wear resistance of the plates is chosen such that the dust in the exhaust gases flowing through the spaces abrades the plate surface at a rate which is at least equivalent to the deactivation of the catalyst surface by action of the nitrogen oxides, which constantly provides a fresh catalyst surface for reaction with the nitrogen oxides. The movement of the exhaust gas through the catalytic structure carries the dust and abraded material along with it and out of the structure.

Abstract: A process for the removal of nitrogen oxides and soot from exhaust gases from machines and combustion installations burning heavy fuel oil by means of free-passage catalysts at increased temperatures with the addition of ammonia into the exhaust gas stream ahead of the catalysts. To make the process mre effective, the soot adhering to the catalyst surfaces is removed by burning it off and/or by friction resulting from the admixture of sand, ash or similar abrasive mixtures into the exhaust gas stream ahead of the catalysts.

Abstract: A catalyst for use with ammonia for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides in waste gases. The catalyst comprises a mixture of substances which has high activity and selectivity with regard to nitrogen oxide conversion and high sorption capabilities with regard to ammonia, but low oxidation capabilities with regard to sulfur dioxide, ammonia, or similar substances. The invention also provides a process for the manufacture and use of such catalysts.

Abstract: Compounds ##STR1## have valuable antibiotic activity. A method of treating microbial diseases using them is described as well.

Abstract: This invention relates to mounting porous ceramic material to metal surfaces. The metal surfaces may either be flat surfaces or tubes. The ceramic material is held onto a perforated metal sheet by screwed-in spiral springs. The perforated metal sheet acts as a holding device and is located adjacent to a metal surface. The invention provides for porous ceramic insulation which is conveniently mounted with relation to the metal surface. Spiral springs absorb the stresses which occur during use.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in a process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases contaminated with dust in which the process uses ammonia. The catalyst is made of a material which is easily disposable. Furthermore, the catalyst should be completely used up in the catalysis. The catalyst comprises individual ceramic bricks with a porous surface, and passages therethrough for the flow of the exhaust gases. The bricks exhibit a resistance to abrasion which is designed so that the dust of the exhaust gas which flows through the passages erodes the catalyst surface, thereby reactivating the catalyst. The exhaust gas carries the dust and the eroded material along with it.