Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor including a first antiferromagnetic layer, a pinned ferromagnetic layer provided on the first antiferromagnetic layer, a first nonmagnetic conductive layer provided on the pinned ferromagnetic layer, a free ferromagnetic layer provided on the first nonmagnetic conductive layer, and a second nonmagnetic conductive layer provided on the free ferromagnetic layer. The magnetoresistive sensor further includes a specular layer provided on the second nonmagnetic conductive layer, and an interlayer coupling control layer provided on the specular layer. The interlayer coupling control layer is provided by a second antiferromagnetic layer or a hard ferromagnetic layer.

Abstract: A hybrid exchange which exchanges the STM data to be transmitted periodically to realize an exchange in unit of the ATM data to be transmitted asynchronously includes asynchronous transmission terminal interface as the interface with an STM terminal, an synchronous transmission terminal interface as the interface with an ATM terminal, an ATM exchange interface as the interface with an ATM exchange, a transmitting unit for transmitting the STM time slot and ATM time slot, and a control unit for controlling the interfaces. The synchronous transmission terminal interface assigns the STM data to be transmitted periodically to the STM time slot, while the asynchronous transmission terminal interface assigns the ATM data to be transmitted asynchronously to the ATM time slot. The STM time slot and ATM time slot are identified by the STM/ATM identifier. The STM time slot is stored by multiplexing a plurality of STM data.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material 6 made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between substrates 4 and 16, and a shading film 8 having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer 28 transmitting red light, a green-colored layer 26 transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer 24 transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer 24 is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material 6 and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.

Abstract: A magnetic head of a magnetoresistance type is provided. The magnetic head comprises a magnetoresistance film, an underlying layer formed on each of both sides of the magnetoresistance film, and a magnetic-domain regulating film formed on the underlying layer so as to regulate a magnetic domain of a free magnetic layer in the magnetoresistance film. The underlying layer has a laminated structure of a tungsten-(W)-group metal layer formed on a tantalum-(Ta)-group metal layer. The underlying layer is formed so thick as to arrange the magnetic-domain regulating film at a position corresponding to the free magnetic layer.

Abstract: A switching DC-to-DC converter having at least one power channel including an inductor and a controller which generates at least one power switch control signal for at least one power switch of each power channel. The converter is configured to operate in a continuous mode when the inductor current remains above zero, to enter a discontinuous pulse skipping mode of operation when the inductor current falls to zero (which occurs when the load current is below a threshold value), and to leave the discontinuous pulse skipping mode and resume continuous mode operation when the inductor current rises above zero.

Abstract: A switching DC-to-DC converter having at least one power channel including an inductor and a controller which generates at least one power switch control signal for at least one power switch of each power channel. The converter is configured to operate in a continuous mode when the inductor current remains above zero, to enter a discontinuous pulse skipping mode of operation when the inductor current falls to zero (which occurs when the load current is below a threshold value), and to leave the discontinuous pulse skipping mode and resume continuous mode operation when the inductor current rises above zero.

Abstract: An on-time signal generation circuit for use in a switching DC-to-DC converter, a switching DC-to-DC converter including such a circuit, and a method for generating an on-time signal which is a binary pulse train comprising pulses TON, where the width of each pulse TON is equal to TOSC (Vout/Vin), where TOSC, Vin, and Vout are, respectively, the switching period and the input potential of a DC-to-DC converter, and a control potential. The control potential Vout is one of the output potential of the DC-to-DC converter and a DC potential proportional to a desired level of such output potential. The on-time signal generation circuit includes a comparator, a ramp generator with an output coupled to one input of the comparator, and an amplifier with an output coupled to the other input of the comparator. The ramp generator generates a periodic ramped potential having peak level kVin and period Tosc.

Abstract: A switching voltage regulator is stabilized against changes in input voltage by suppressing the increase in loop gain due to increased input voltage. The reduction of loop gain is achieved by use of a modified triangle waveform which is compared to an error signal to switch the regulator output stage.