Abstract: A liquid crystal display device in which alignment control in a vertical-alignment-type liquid crystal layer is excellent at a side portion or a corner portion of a pixel electrode. The liquid crystal display device includes a pixel electrode 17 including openings 18 of slits as an alignment control mechanism, a common electrode 33 including linear protrusions 34 to 34c as an alignment control mechanism, the electrodes being opposed to each other, and a vertical-alignment-type liquid crystal layer 40 which is sandwiched between the electrodes, wherein the linear protrusion 34c is placed at a position where the linear protrusion 34c controls alignment in the liquid crystal layer inside a position where an oblique electric field 59 which is generated at the edge of an corner portion 17e of the pixel electrode 17 at the time when a voltage is applied between the electrodes controls the alignment in the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: The method of the present invention includes the steps of: (A) providing a first substrate, and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a first light shielding layer provided within a non-display region, the first light shielding layer including a light-transmitting portion provided near an outer boundary of the first light shielding layer, the light-transmitting portion comprising a recess or an opening; (B) drawing a seal pattern with a sealant, the seal pattern being drawn outside the first light shielding layer so as to surround the display region, comprising the substeps of: (B1) beginning application of the sealant near the light-transmitting portion, (B2) applying the sealant along an outer periphery of the first light shielding layer, and (B3) forming a junction with the sealant having been applied near the light-transmitting portion; (C) applying a liquid crystal material within the display region surrounded by the sealant; (D) attaching the first substrate and the second substrate;

Abstract: A voltage having the positive polarity and a voltage having the negative polarity are alternately applied to a pixel between a counter electrode and a pixel electrode. A counter electrode voltage (Vcom) generating circuit or a source signal generating section is provided each of which controls effective voltages to be applied to the pixel for an identical tone so that an effective voltage having the positive polarity and an effective voltage having the negative polarity are asymmetrically applied to the pixel for all of the tones which can be displayed. The counter electrode voltage (Vcom) generating circuit or the source signal generating section shifts a counter electrode voltage Vcom-A or a source voltage by 0.3 V or more from a voltage causing the effective voltages to be symmetrically applied to the pixel.

Abstract: A charging device includes a charging member that charges a body to be charged; a detector that detects an AC component of a current flowing through the charging member; an integration section that integrates the AC component of the current detected by the detector; a controller that controls the current flowing through the charging member, according to a result of integration executed by the integration section; a periodic signal generating section that generates a periodic signal having a cycle period corresponding to a cycle period of the AC component; and an integration period adjusting section that adjusts a period of integration executed by the integration section, with reference to the periodic signal.

Abstract: The method of the present invention includes the steps of: (A) providing a first substrate, and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a first light shielding layer provided within a non-display region, the first light shielding layer including a light-transmitting portion provided near an outer boundary of the first light shielding layer, the light-transmitting portion comprising a recess or an opening; (B) drawing a seal pattern with a sealant, the seal pattern being drawn outside the first light shielding layer so as to surround the display region, comprising the substeps of: (B1) beginning application of the sealant near the light-transmitting portion, (B2) applying the sealant along an outer periphery of the first light shielding layer, and (B3) forming a junction with the sealant having been applied near the light-transmitting portion; (C) applying a liquid crystal material within the display region surrounded by the sealant; (D) attaching the first substrate and the second substrate;

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, an array substrate and a CF substrate arranged face to face with each other. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the array substrate and the CF substrate. The array substrate and the CF substrate are bonded together by a sealing member containing a photo curing material. The array substrate has a surface opposed to the CF substrate. Metal wires are provided in the circumferential portion of the opposed surface. A transparent film is disposed between the metal wires and the sealing member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is one in which unevenness of display, spots, etc. caused by lowering of voltage retention by impurity ions are sufficiently eliminated and reliability of long time/long term use is improved. A liquid crystal display device is formed with a liquid crystal layer between a first substrate and a second substrate configured via a seal, wherein the liquid crystal display device includes electrodes on the liquid crystal layer side of a non-display region of the first substrate and/or the second substrate, and the potentials of the electrodes are substantially the same.

Abstract: A total layer thickness detection apparatus for a charged body includes: a saturated charge amount detection unit that detects a saturated charge amount of a charged body having plural coating layers with mutually different relative dielectric constants; a storage unit that stores relation information indicating relation of change of the saturated charge amount of the charged body with respect to a change of layer thickness of a surface layer of the charged body; and a calculation part that calculates a total layer thickness of the plural coating layers of the charged body based on the change of the saturated charge amount detected by the saturated charge amount detection unit and the relation information stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, includes: an image carrier that carries a developer image by a charge layer provided on a surface of the image carrier; a charger that charges the image carrier; a feeder that feeds the charger with a charge; a total charge amount detector that detects the total amount of the charge output by the feeder; an unsupplied charge amount calculator that calculates the amount of the charge output by the feeder but not supplied to the charger; and a layer thickness calculator that calculates the thickness of the charge layer based on the unsupplied charge amount calculated by the unsupplied charge amount calculator and the total charge amount detected by the total charge amount detector.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor that rotates, a charging member provided in contact with or in close proximity of the photoreceptor to charge the photoreceptor, a charge amount detecting portion that accumulates current flowing across the photoreceptor to obtain a charge amount of the photoreceptor, while the current is being applied from the charging member until a voltage on a surface of the photoreceptor substantially corresponds to the voltage applied by the charging member, and a controller that calculates a film thickness of the photoreceptor based on the charge amount.

Abstract: A charging device includes a charging member that charges a body to be charged; a detector that detects an AC component of a current flowing through the charging member; an integration section that integrates the AC component of the current detected by the detector; a controller that controls the current flowing through the charging member, according to a result of integration executed by the integration section; a periodic signal generating section that generates a periodic signal having a cycle period corresponding to a cycle period of the AC component; and an integration period adjusting section that adjusts a period of integration executed by the integration section, with reference to the periodic signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a photoconductor having a photoconductive layer on an outer surface thereof; a charging portion that charges the photoconductor; a developing portion that develops a latent image formed on the photoconductor; a transfer portion that transfers a developed image; current detectors respectively provided to the charging portion, the developing portion, and the transfer portion to detect currents respectively flowing from the charging portion, the developing portion, and the transfer portion to the photoconductor; an integrating portion that calculates a charge amount by integrating the currents detected by the current detectors over a given period of time; and a layer thickness calculating portion that calculates a thickness of the photoconductive layer based on the charge amount.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that rotates and carries a toner image by a surface layer disposed on a surface thereof; a charging roll that charges the surface layer while the image carrier completes one or more rotations; a power supply unit that supplies a current to the charging roll; a detector that samples and detects the current that the power supply unit outputs; a leak current detector that detects a leak current included in the current that the detector has detected; a layer thickness calculating unit that calculates a numerical value relating to the thickness of the surface layer on the basis of the current that the detector has detected; and a current leak state determining unit that determines a current leak state on the basis of the current that the detector has detected and the leak current that the leak current detector has detected.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, includes: an image carrier that carries a developer image by a charge layer provided on a surface of the image carrier; a charger that charges the image carrier; a feeder that feeds the charger with a charge; a total charge amount detector that detects the total amount of the charge output by the feeder; an unsupplied charge amount calculator that calculates the amount of the charge output by the feeder but not supplied to the charger; and a layer thickness calculator that calculates the thickness of the charge layer based on the unsupplied charge amount calculated by the unsupplied charge amount calculator and the total charge amount detected by the total charge amount detector.

Abstract: A light-emitting device driver that includes a driver unit that drives a light-emitting device, a compensator that compensates for at least one of the rising and falling responses of the driver unit, a switching unit that switches on and off the compensator, and a control unit that performs on/off control on the switching unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor that rotates, a charging member provided in contact with or in close proximity of the photoreceptor to charge the photoreceptor, a charge amount detecting portion that accumulates current flowing across the photoreceptor to obtain a charge amount of the photoreceptor, while the current is being applied from the charging member until a voltage on a surface of the photoreceptor substantially corresponds to the voltage applied by the charging member, and a controller that calculates a film thickness of the photoreceptor based on the charge amount.

Abstract: In order to provide a liquid crystal display causing no unevenness of the cell gap and preventing the occurrence of non-uniformity of a display in spite of a conductive material, for electrically connecting two substrates, provided in an area inside a sealant, the liquid crystal display has a configuration that a liquid crystal panel has a liquid crystal layer between two transparent substrates which are adhered to each other by a sealing adhesive and a conductive material is formed in a spot form along the liquid crystal layer side of the sealing adhesive so as to electrically connect opposing electrode connecting terminals to opposing common electrodes formed on the transparent substrates.

Abstract: The method of the present invetion includes the steps of: (A) providing a first substrate, and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a first light shielding layer provided within a non-display region, the first light shielding layer including a light-transmitting portion provided near an outer boundary of the first light shielding layer, the light-transmitting portion comprising a recess or an opening; (B) drawing a seal pattern with a sealant, the seal pattern being drawn outside the first light shielding layer so as to surround the display region, comprising the substeps of: (B1) beginning application of the sealant near the light-transmitting portion, (B2) applying the sealant along an outer periphery of the first light shielding layer, and (B3) forming a junction with the sealant having been applied near the light-transmitting portion; (C) applying a liquid crystal material within the display region surrounded by the sealant; (D) attaching the first substrate and the second substrate; a

Abstract: A flow straightening grid 30 is provided at an area where the air flow turns about 180 degrees in an air path 23, or in the vicinity thereof. Because of this, the air flow can be prevented from being disturbed in the air path 23 and, therefore, noise caused by the disturbance of the air flow can be reduced effectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is one in which unevenness of display, spots, etc. caused by lowering of voltage retention by impurity ions are sufficiently eliminated and reliability of long time/long term use is improved. A liquid crystal display device is formed with a liquid crystal layer between a first substrate and a second substrate configured via a seal, wherein the liquid crystal display device includes electrodes on the liquid crystal layer side of a non-display region of the first substrate and/or the second substrate, and the potentials of the electrodes are substantially the same.