Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel stereoselective method for preparing a cyclic dinucleotide derivative and a production intermediate therefor, which can be used for an antibody-immunostimulant conjugate. Also provided is a method for producing a cyclic dinucleotide-linker and an antibody-immunostimulant conjugate while using the above production method. Further provided is a method for preparing a cyclic dinucleotide derivative, the method including the step of subjecting a compound (I) and a compound (IV) to stereoselective condensation using an optically active phosphitylating agent (Rc-II) or (Sc-II).

Abstract: A master reproduction apparatus is a master reproduction apparatus capable of executing synchronous reproduction of audio data together with one or more slave reproduction apparatuses. The master reproduction apparatus includes a plurality of light emitting elements, a generation unit, a transmission unit, and a light emission control unit. The generation unit that generates illumination information, in which light emission modes are associated with the plurality of light emitting elements, on the basis of analysis data obtained by analyzing audio data. The transmission unit that transmits the generated illumination information to the one or more slave reproduction apparatuses. The light emission control unit that causes the plurality of light emitting elements to emit light in the light emission modes based on the illumination information.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that is a surface mount-type device includes a nitride semiconductor chip including a silicon substrate having a first thermal expansion coefficient and an InxGayAl1-x-yN layer in contact with a surface of the silicon substrate, where 0?x?1, 0?y?1, 0?x+y?1; and a die pad including Cu and having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is greater than the first thermal expansion coefficient. A thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 0.2 mm, length L of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 3.12 mm, and thickness tm of the die pad and length L of the nitride semiconductor chip satisfy tm?2.00×10?3×L2+0.173, tm being a thickness in mm and L being a length in mm.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that is a surface mount-type device includes a nitride semiconductor chip including a silicon substrate having a first thermal expansion coefficient and an InxGayAl1-x-yN layer in contact with a surface of the silicon substrate, where 0?x?1, 0?y?1, 0?x+y ?1; and a die pad including Cu and having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is greater than the first thermal expansion coefficient. A thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 0.2 mm, length L of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 3.12 mm, and thickness tm of the die pad and length L of the nitride semiconductor chip satisfy tm ?2.00×10?3×L2+0.173, tm being a thickness in mm and L being a length in mm.

Abstract: [Solving Means] A master reproduction apparatus is a master reproduction apparatus capable of executing synchronous reproduction of audio data together with one or more slave reproduction apparatuses. The master reproduction apparatus includes a plurality of light emitting elements, a generation unit, a transmission unit, and a light emission control unit. The generation unit is configured to generate illumination information, in which light emission modes are associated with the plurality of light emitting elements, on the basis of analysis data obtained by analyzing audio data. The transmission unit is configured to transmit the generated illumination information to the one or more slave reproduction apparatuses. The light emission control unit is configured to cause the plurality of light emitting elements to emit light in the light emission modes based on the illumination information.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that is a surface mount-type device includes a nitride semiconductor chip including a silicon substrate having a first thermal expansion coefficient and an InxGayAl1-x-yN layer in contact with a surface of the silicon substrate, where 0?x?1, 0?y?1, 0?x+y?1; and a die pad including Cu and having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is greater than the first thermal expansion coefficient. A thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 0.2 mm, length L of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 3.12 mm, and thickness tm of the die pad and length L of the nitride semiconductor chip satisfy tm?2.00×10?3×L2+0.173, tm being a thickness in mm and L being a length in mm.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a stop having an aperture, two filter members each including a first area that includes a transmissive part and a gradation part having a transmittance that is lower than the transmittance of the transmissive part and that is changed in a moving direction of the filter member, an actuator that drives the two filter members, and a controller that controls the actuator. The two filter members are disposed so that both changing directions of densities of the gradation part and moving directions are opposite and the first area has a size capable of covering a whole of a first aperture. The controller controls the actuator so as to always move in an area between a first position and a second position. The transmissive part has a size that is incapable of covering the whole of the first aperture.

Abstract: The image pickup apparatus includes an image taking optical system, an optical filter into which the light from the image taking optical system enters, an image pickup element electrically converting the optical image formed by the light that has passed through the optical filter, an image pickup element holding member holding the image pickup element together with the optical filter, and a lens holding member holding an image surface side lens unit disposed closest to the optical filter. The lens and image pickup element holding members are moved relatively to each other in an optical axis direction, and include dust-proof walls that surround a space between the image surface side lens unit and the optical filter and mutually overlap in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction in an entire range where the lens and image pickup element holding members are relatively moved.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a cam ring driving unit including a moving frame, a linear driving unit that includes a holding frame configured to hold an image pickup element, and a guide bar that is engaged with the holding frame, extends in the optical axis direction, and is configured to guide a linear movement of the holding frame in the optical axis direction, and an intermediate fixing lens unit configured still in the optical axis direction. The cam ring driving unit is arranged on an object side of the intermediate fixing lens unit, the linear driving unit is arranged on an image pickup element side of the intermediate fixing lens unit, and the lens barrel is configured dividable into the cam ring driving unit, the linear driving unit, and the intermediate fixing lens unit.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a cam ring driving unit including a moving frame, a linear driving unit that includes a holding frame configured to hold an image pickup element, and a guide bar that is engaged with the holding frame, extends in the optical axis direction, and is configured to guide a linear movement of the holding frame in the optical axis direction, and an intermediate fixing lens unit configured still in the optical axis direction. The cam ring driving unit is arranged on an object side of the intermediate fixing lens unit, the linear driving unit is arranged on an image pickup element side of the intermediate fixing lens unit, and the lens barrel is configured dividable into the cam ring driving unit, the linear driving unit, and the intermediate fixing lens unit.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a stop having an aperture, two filter members each including a first area that includes a transmissive part and a gradation part having a transmittance that is lower than the transmittance of the transmissive part and that is changed in a moving direction of the filter member, an actuator that drives the two filter members, and a controller that controls the actuator. The two filter members are disposed so that both changing directions of densities of the gradation part and moving directions are opposite and the first area has a size capable of covering a whole of a first aperture. The controller controls the actuator so as to always move in an area between a first position and a second position. The transmissive part has a size that is incapable of covering the whole of the first aperture.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a second member 6 supporting a first member 4 so as to be movable in an optical axis direction and biasing devices 401 and 406 having biasing force acting on the first member. Two first balls 403a and 403b are arranged at positions away from each other in the optical axis direction and a second ball 403c is arranged at a phase different from that of the first balls. The first and second members include guide sections 4a and 6a engaging with the first balls so as to permit a rolling motion of the first balls in the optical axis direction and prevent a displacement of the first member in a different direction and a rotation preventing section permitting a rolling motion of the second ball in the optical axis direction and preventing a rotation of the first member around the guide section.

Abstract: The image pickup apparatus includes an image taking optical system, an optical filter into which the light from the image taking optical system enters, an image pickup element electrically converting the optical image formed by the light that has passed through the optical filter, an image pickup element holding member holding the image pickup element together with the optical filter, and a lens holding member holding an image surface side lens unit disposed closest to the optical filter. The lens and image pickup element holding members are moved relatively to each other in an optical axis direction, and include dust-proof walls that surround a space between the image surface side lens unit and the optical filter and mutually overlap in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction in an entire range where the lens and image pickup element holding members are relatively moved.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes an image taking optical system that includes a first lens unit arranged on a most object side and a second lens unit movable in an optical axis direction further on an image surface side than the first lens unit, a first lens barrel that holds the first lens unit, a second lens barrel that is combined with the first lens barrel and houses the second lens unit so that the unit is movable, and a control unit that is arranged around an outer periphery of the second lens barrel and includes an operation member, which is operated in order to instruct driving of the second lens unit, and an electric component for controlling the driving of the second lens unit according to the operation of the operation member, in which a maximum outer diameter of the first lens unit is larger than a minimum inner diameter of the control unit.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a second member 6 supporting a first member 4 so as to be movable in an optical axis direction and biasing devices 401 and 406 having biasing force acting on the first member. Two first balls 403a and 403b are arranged at positions away from each other in the optical axis direction and a second ball 403c is arranged at a phase different from that of the first balls. The first and second members include guide sections 4a and 6a engaging with the first balls so as to permit a rolling motion of the first balls in the optical axis direction and prevent a displacement of the first member in a different direction and a rotation preventing section permitting a rolling motion of the second ball in the optical axis direction and preventing a rotation of the first member around the guide section.

Abstract: A lens apparatus is disclosed, which allows an optical adjustment of each lens unit, and facilitates the assembly and maintenance. The lens apparatus comprises a plurality of lens units constituting an image-forming optical system that forms an object image, and a plurality of lens-holding members holding the plurality of lens units, respectively. Each of the lens units and the lens-holding member holding the lens unit are unitized. The lens apparatus is formed by joining each of the plurality of lens-holding members to at least one of the other lens-holding members.

Abstract: A lens apparatus is disclosed, which allows an optical adjustment of each lens unit, and facilitates the assembly and maintenance. The lens apparatus comprises a plurality of lens units constituting an image-forming optical system that forms an object image, and a plurality of lens-holding members holding the plurality of lens units, respectively. Each of the lens units and the lens-holding member holding the lens unit are unitized. The lens apparatus is formed by joining each of the plurality of lens-holding members to at least one of the other lens-holding members.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes an image taking optical system that includes a first lens unit arranged on a most object side and a second lens unit movable in an optical axis direction further on an image surface side than the first lens unit, a first lens barrel that holds the first lens unit, a second lens barrel that is combined with the first lens barrel and houses the second lens unit so that the unit is movable, and a control unit that is arranged around an outer periphery of the second lens barrel and includes an operation member, which is operated in order to instruct driving of the second lens unit, and an electric component for controlling the driving of the second lens unit according to the operation of the operation member, in which a maximum outer diameter of the first lens unit is larger than a minimum inner diameter of the control unit.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes an image taking optical system that includes a first lens unit arranged on a most object side and a second lens unit movable in an optical axis direction further on an image surface side than the first lens unit, a first lens barrel that holds the first lens unit, a second lens barrel that is combined with the first lens barrel and houses the second lens unit so that the unit is movable, and a control unit that is arranged around an outer periphery of the second lens barrel and includes an operation member, which is operated in order to instruct driving of the second lens unit, and an electric component for controlling the driving of the second lens unit according to the operation of the operation member, in which a maximum outer diameter of the first lens unit is larger than a minimum inner diameter of the control unit.

Abstract: An optical apparatus is disclosed with which the correspondence between the movement of a movable lens and the position of an operating member can be maintained and the operability can be improved. The optical apparatus comprises a lens drive unit which drives a movable lens, an operating member operable within a predetermined movable range, and an operating member drive unit which drives the operating member within the predetermined movable range. The optical apparatus also comprises an operating member position detector detecting the position of the operating member, and a signal output unit that outputs a signal for moving the movable lens. The controller controls the drive of the lens drive unit based on a signal from the operating member position detector and controls the drive of the operating member drive unit based on the signal from the signal output unit.