Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for switching programs in a digital broadcasting is provided. In this method, on a transmission side, a physical channel number for transmitting a program having a program number therethrough is assigned to a part of the program number. On a receiving side, in changing program numbers from a first program number to a second program number, a second physical channel number, for transmitting a second program having the second program number therethrough, is identified based on the second program number; wherein it is determined whether or not the identified second physical channel number is the same as a first physical channel number which is now being received; and wherein if it is determined that the first and the second physical channel numbers are not the same, switching is performed for receiving the physical channel having the identified second physical channel number.

Abstract: A video signal format conversion apparatus, includes a memory for writing an input data by a first clock equal to a sampling rate of the input data and reading the input data by a second clock which is different from the first clock; a shift register for shifting the data read by the memory by the second clock; a multiplication and summation circuit for multiplying each of a plurality of data output from the shift register by a factor corresponding thereto among the plurality of factors and outputting a sum of values obtained by the multiplication by the second clock.

Abstract: A lipid emulsion which comprises (A) an oil component, (B) an emulsifying agent containing yolk lecithin and/or soybean lecithin, and (C) water, wherein the lipid emulsion further comprises citric acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one member selected from the group consisting of methionine, phenylalanine, serine, histidine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, provided that it does not simultaneously contain methionine and phenylalanine. The addition of citric acid and histidine, methionine, phenylalanine and/or serine to a lipid emulsion containing natural lecithin as an emulsifying agent permits the prevention of change of color and formation of oil drops associated with the conventional natural lecithin-containing lipid emulsion due to the synergistic effect of the foregoing additives.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion containing liposomes comprising yolk lecithin and/or soybean lecithin as lipids for forming liposomes wherein the dispersion contains a hydroxy acid and an amino acid, which hardly shows coloration, shows little leak of drugs encapsulated in the liposomes and is stable in a broad pH range.

Abstract: The disclosed processor includes: a first shifter for receiving a first signal and for shifting first input data in accordance with the first signal; a second shifter for receiving a second signal and for shifting second input data in accordance with the second signal; an operation unit, connected to the first shifter and the second shifter, for performing arithmetic and logic operations for the output of the first shifter and the output of the second shifter; a third shifter, connected to the operation unit, for receiving a third signal and for shifting the output of the operation unit in accordance with the third signal; a first coefficient register for storing a coefficient for the first input data; a second coefficient register for storing a coefficient for the second input data; and a shift control unit connected to the first shifter, the second shifter, the third shifter, the first coefficient register, and the second coefficient register, for determining shift counts for the first shifter, the second s

Abstract: A control system and control method for a power steering apparatus includes a vehicle speed sensor for detecting a running speed V of a vehicle and a steering angle sensor for detecting a steering angle ha of the vehicle. It further includes a steering holding degree calculation unit to determine a steering holding coefficient K.sub.S from a steering angular velocity ha', a steering angle changing amount H, and a lateral acceleration G.sub.Y. Finally, a fuzzy logic calculation unit is included for setting a target steering assist amount in accordance with a fuzzy logic rule using the vehicle speed V and a product V.multidot.G.sub.Y of the vehicle speed V and the lateral acceleration G.sub.Y as input conditions (membership functions).

Abstract: A noise reducer for outputting a noise-reduced signal by extracting noise included in an input video signal so as to produce a noise signal and by subtracting the noise signal from the input video signal is provided.

Abstract: In a control system for a power steering apparatus, in which a steering assist amount in a steering mechanism of a vehicle is controlled to a target assist amount, a vehicle speed sensor 41 for detecting a running speed V of the vehicle and a steering angle sensor 52 for detecting a steering angle ha of the vehicle are provided. A lateral acceleration calculation unit calculates a lateral acceleration GY from the vehicle speed V and the steering angle ha and further determines the product V.GY of the vehicle speed V and the lateral acceleration GY. A fuzzy logic calculation unit then sets the target assist amount in accordance with a fuzzy logic rule using the vehicle speed V and the product V.GY as input conditions (membership functions). This thereby provides a control system and control method for controlling a power steering apparatus which presents an optimum steering characteristic in response to the running condition of the vehicle.