Abstract: To encode a moving picture in real time in as high quality as possible, no matter whether a target bit rate for encoding the moving picture is high or low. An encoder performs motion compensated inter-picture predictive coding on moving picture data in a selected one of prediction modes.

Abstract: A noise reduction device includes a two-dimensional noise reducing unit for reducing noise by arithmetic processing within an image, a three-dimensional noise reducing unit for receiving the video signal from the two-dimensional noise reducing unit and reducing noise by arithmetic processing between images, a first noise reduction intensity setting unit for setting noise reduction intensity of the two-dimensional noise reducing unit, and a second noise reduction intensity setting unit for setting noise reduction intensity of the three-dimensional noise reducing unit. The second noise reduction intensity setting unit sets the noise reduction intensity of the three-dimensional noise reducing unit, so that the noise reduction intensity of the three-dimensional noise reducing unit becomes lower as the noise reduction intensity of the two-dimensional noise reducing unit becomes higher.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective of providing an optical disk having a high resolution picture and a system for reproducing data on the optical disk, which are compatible with a conventional system for reproducing an ordinary resolution picture. A high resolution signal is divided into a main signal and a sub signal by picture division means and MPEG-encoded. The main signal and the sub signal are divided into frames each having 1 GOP or more. The resultant first interleave block 54 and second interleave block 55 are recorded alternately on an optical disk. A high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduced both the first and second interleave blocks, so that a high resolution picture is obtained. A non-high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduces only the first or second interleave block, so that an ordinary resolution picture.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective of providing an optical disk having a high resolution picture and a system for reproducing data on the optical disk, which are compatible with a conventional system for reproducing an ordinary resolution picture. A high resolution signal is divided into a main signal and a sub signal by picture division means and MPEG-encoded. The main signal and the sub signal are divided into frames each having 1 GOP or more. The resultant first interleave block 54 and second interleave block 55 are recorded alternately on an optical disk. A high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduced both the first and second interleave blocks, so that a high resolution picture is obtained. A non-high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduces only the first or second interleave block, so that an ordinary resolution picture.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective of providing an optical disk having a high resolution picture and a system for reproducing data on the optical disk, which are compatible with a conventional system for reproducing an ordinary resolution picture. A high resolution signal is divided into a main signal and a sub signal by picture division means and MPEG-encoded. The main signal and the sub signal are divided into frames each having 1 GOP or more. The resultant first interleave block 54 and second interleave block 55 are recorded alternately on an optical disk. A high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduced both the first and second interleave blocks, so that a high resolution picture is obtained. A non-high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduces only the first or second interleave block, so that an ordinary resolution picture.

Abstract: A video frame is input to a spectrum analyzer, which transforms the frame from a spatial domain into a frequency domain. A resolution determiner analyzes the output of the spectrum analyzer, thereby selecting a resolution appropriate for the video frame. Then, a resolution converter converts a resolution of the video frame into the resolution selected by the resolution determiner. Thereafter, the video frame is subjected to a coding process by block divider, DCT transformer, quantizer and variable-length coder so as to be output as a coded bit stream. By coding the input video frame at a resolution corresponding to the high-frequency component in the frame, a video of higher quality can be obtained with the bit rate reduced.

Abstract: In a recording device, a playback buffer is provided between a TS decoder and an AV decoder and an internal memory is provided within the AV decoder. This being so, a video frame which is being played precedes a video frame which is being received, by about six frames. This time interval between reception and playback poses a problem when manual recording is performed. To solve the problem, the same video frames which are to be played by the AV decoder are stored in a record buffer. In this way, even if the time interval exists between reception and playback, the currently played video frame and subsequent video frames can be read from the record buffer and written onto an HDD.

Abstract: A plasmid is constructed so as to express a fused protein of a sugar chain-binding protein domain with a desired protein. Then this plasmid is transferred into cells and thus the protein is expressed in the cell surface layer. This method is particularly adequate in case of expressing a protein having an activity in the C-terminal portion in cell surface layer.

Abstract: A digital recording apparatus that obtains a digital stream including a plurality of frames, while recording the digital stream on a digital recording medium. This apparatus obtains, during recording, an instruction for a procedure in which a recording area is changed to another recording area which is not necessarily continuos with the recording area. When the instruction is obtained, the apparatus executes the procedure only when the number of frames which are recorded in the recording area is a predetermined number or more.

Abstract: A video data recording apparatus detects a change in an attribute of a signal input with video data, generates management information showing a position in which the change was detected, and records the management information to a recording medium. The video data playback apparatus reads and plays back the video data up to the position shown in the management information recorded on the recording medium.

Abstract: A recording apparatus for recording an input signal on a data unit basis and management information of data units of the input signal onto a recording medium, the recording apparatus includes a recording mode determination unit for determining a recording mode representing a recording time of the input signal onto the recording medium; and a time length determination unit for determining a time length of each data unit, wherein a minimum time length of each data unit is determined by the recording mode.

Abstract: A digital video recording apparatus reduces the audio output level before and during changes in an audio encoding condition (stereo, monaural, etc.). One embodiment of the digital video recording apparatus multiplexes video and audio signals to produce an output stream. A video recording control means controls the apparatus according to user input and design.

Abstract: When recording and reproduction are performed at the same time, if a system controller detects that an amount of data accumulated in a buffer memory exceeds a predetermined value, the system controller stops data reading from an optical disk temporarily and records data accumulated in the buffer memory continuously to the optical disk. Then, an image is prevented from becoming abnormal when a reproduction position catches up to a recording position. Further, a system controller monitors a zone in an optical disk, to which recording is performed and controls a motor at an appropriate revolution number for the recording to the zone. Further, reproduction is performed by maintaining the revolution number. Then, even if the recording position and the reproduction position belong to different zones in a recording medium, a transition time from recording to reproduction is prevented from becoming long.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus is capable of writing program data concerning video and/or audio on a first storage medium and a second storage medium. The data processing apparatus includes: a reception section for receiving a signal concerning the program data; a selection section for selecting, from among a plurality of formats, a format which is writable on the first storage medium; and a control section for writing the program data on the first storage medium in the selected format, and after writing on the first storage medium is ended, continuing to write the program data on the second storage medium in the format.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus capable of writing and/or reading program data from or to a plurality of types of storage media includes: a receiving section for receiving a signal concerning program data; a determination section for determining a type of a storage medium having been loaded; a recording processing section for recording program data obtained from the signal onto the storage medium, via one of the processes of: a stream recording process, in which the program data is neither decoded nor encoded, and an encode recording process, in which the program data is at least encoded; a selection section for selecting one of the stream recording process and the encode recording process in accordance with a type of the storage medium; a calculation section for, in accordance with the selected recording process, selecting one of: a first remaining amount calculation process which is based on a remaining capacity of the storage medium and on a transmission rate of the program data; and a second remaining amount

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fatty acid ester inexpensively and efficiently by reacting a lipase or an intact mircroorganism containing a lipase, an oil and fat, and a linear lower alcohol in a system containing little or no solvent in the presence of water. The intact microorganism has not been treated with a solvent or the like, and is used as such, so that a fatty acid ester can be prepared in a simple manner. An oil and fat, a natural oil and fat such as a vegetable oil and fat, an animal oil and fat, as well as a waste oil thereof can be used. According to the method of the present invention, a reaction proceeds even in the presence of water, so that waste oils containing a large amount of water can be used as a raw material. Therefore, the waste oil to be dumped into the environment can be recycled, and a biodiesel fuel, which hardly pollutes the environment, can be provided at the same time.

Abstract: A video frame is input to a spectrum analyzer, which transforms the frame from a spatial domain into a frequency domain. A resolution determiner analyzes the output of the spectrum analyzer, thereby selecting a resolution appropriate for the video frame. Then, a resolution converter converts a resolution of the video frame into the resolution selected by the resolution determiner. Thereafter, the video frame is subjected to a coding process by block divider, DCT transformer, quantizer and variable-length coder so as to be output as a coded bit stream. By coding the input video frame at a resolution corresponding to the high-frequency component in the frame, a video of higher quality can be obtained with the bit rate reduced.

Abstract: A data processor is provided to compression-code moving picture data without decreasing coding efficiency even if the moving picture includes a picture with particularly violent motion. The moving picture is obtained by presenting a plurality of frame pictures, each consisting of two field pictures, one after another.

Abstract: An image coding apparatus is provided with a blocking circuit for dividing an input image signal into two-dimensional blocks each comprising plural pixels; a frequency distribution verifier for calculating the average and variance from a plurality of image feature data and the frequency distribution of each feature data for each block in a predetermined period; a filter characteristic decider, a filter circuit, and an encoder. The input image signal is divided into local regions each comprising plural pixels, the image feature data of each local region is extracted, the average and the variance of the extracted image feature data are calculated from the frequency distribution of the image feature data for a predetermined period, and a filter characteristic and a quantization step are decided for each local region according to the degree of singularity of each local region.

Abstract: A video frame is input to a spectrum analyzer, which transforms the frame from a spatial domain into a frequency domain. A resolution determiner analyzes the output of the spectrum analyzer, thereby selecting a resolution appropriate for the video frame. Then, a resolution converter converts a resolution of the video frame into the resolution selected by the resolution determiner. Thereafter, the video frame is subjected to a coding process by block divider, DCT transformer, quantizer and variable-length coder so as to be output as a coded bit stream. By coding the input video frame at a resolution corresponding to the high-frequency component in the frame, a video of higher quality can be obtained with the bit rate reduced.