Abstract: The present invention has an objective of realizing compatibility of an optical disk having a high resolution video signal recorded thereon and a system for reproducing the optical disk, with a conventional system for producing a standard resolution video signal. A high resolution video signal is divided by video division means into a main signal and a sub signal, and the main signal and the sub signal are MPEG-encoded. The stream of the main signal and the stream of the sub signal are divided into 1 GOP or more of frames. First interleave blocks 54 each including 1 GOP or more of the stream of the main signal and second interleave blocks 55 each including 1 GOP or more of the stream of the sub signal are recorded on an optical disk 1. A high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduces both the first and second interleave blocks to obtain a high resolution video output.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective of realizing compatibility of an optical disk having a high resolution video signal recorded thereon and a system for reproducing the optical disk, with a conventional system for producing a standard resolution video signal. A high resolution-video signal is divided by video division means into a main signal and a sub signal, and the main signal and the sub signal are MPEG-encoded. The stream of the main signal and the stream of the sub signal are divided into 1 GOP or more of frames. First interleave blocks 54 each including 1 GOP or more of the stream of the main signal and second interleave blocks 55 each including 1 GOP or more of the stream of the sub signal are recorded on an optical disk 1. A high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduces both the first and second interleave blocks to obtain a high resolution video output.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes a detector for detecting a video attribute, a detector for detecting an audio attribute, and an address information generator for generating specific address information which indicates a data write address at the time when the video attribute of the audio attribute changes, on the basis of the outputs from the detectors. The specific address information is written in a recording area of an optical disk, which area corresponds to VMGI constituting management information (VMG information) for each VOB. Therefore, when playing an audio video stream recorded on the optical disk, quick access can be made to the recording position in the stream where the attribute change occurs.

Abstract: A plasmid is constructed so as to express a fused protein of a sugar chain-binding protein domain with a desired protein. Then this plasmid is transferred into cells and thus the protein is expressed in the cell surface layer. This method is particularly adequate in case of expressing a protein having an activity in the C-terminal portion in cell surface layer.

Abstract: An image coding apparatus according to the present invention is provided with, as shown in FIG. 4, a blocking circuit 401 for dividing an input image signal into two-dimensional blocks each comprising plural pixels; a frequency distribution verifier 408 for calculating the average and variance from a plurality of image feature data 402 to 407 and the frequency distribution of each feature data for each block in a predetermined period; a filter characteristic decider 409, a filter circuit 410, and an encoder 411.

Abstract: An image coding apparatus according to the present invention is provided with, as shown in FIG. 4, a blocking circuit 401 for dividing an input image signal into two-dimensional blocks each comprising plural pixels; a frequency distribution verifier 408 for calculating the average and variance from a plurality of image feature data 402 to 407 and the frequency distribution of each feature data for each block in a predetermined period; a filter characteristic decider 409, a filter circuit 410, and an encoder 411. In the image coding apparatus so constructed, the input image signal is divided into local regions each comprising plural pixels, the image feature data of each local region is extracted, the average and the variance of the extracted image feature data are calculated from the frequency distribution of the image feature data for a predetermined period, and a filter characteristic and a quantization step are decided for each local region according to the degree of singularity of each local region.

Abstract: A video frame is input to a spectrum analyzer, which transforms the frame from a spatial domain into a frequency domain. A resolution determiner analyzes the output of the spectrum analyzer, thereby selecting a resolution appropriate for the video frame. Then, a resolution converter converts a resolution of the video frame into the resolution selected by the resolution determiner. Thereafter, the video frame is subjected to a coding process by block divider, DCT transformer, quantizer and variable-length coder so as to be output as a coded bit stream. By coding the input video frame at a resolution corresponding to the high-frequency component in the frame, a video of higher quality can be obtained with the bit rate reduced.

Abstract: When recording and reproduction are performed at the same time, if a system controller detects that an amount of data accumulated in a buffer memory exceeds a predetermined value, the system controller stops data reading from an optical disk 109 temporarily and records data accumulated in the buffer memory continuously to the optical disk. Then, an image is prevented from becoming abnormal when a reproduction position catches up to a recording position. Further, a system controller monitors a zone in an optical disk, to which recording is performed and controls a motor at an appropriate revolution number for the recording to the zone. Further, reproduction is performed by maintaining the revolution number. Then, even if the recording position and the reproduction position belong to different zones in a recording medium, a transition time from recording to reproduction is prevented from becoming long.

Abstract: A coding information memory is provided for storing coding modes that have been applied to respective compressed blocks. When a current block to be coded is input, coding distortion is estimated for respective candidate blocks corresponding to multiple coding modes. At the same time, by reference to the coding information memory, the frequencies of coding modes that have been applied to a plurality of blocks, which include a block contained in a compressed frame and located at the same position as the current block, are counted. Then, the coding mode for the current block is determined by weighting the estimated coding distortion such that the weighted distortion is inversely proportional to the counted frequencies and that one of the candidate blocks with the smallest weighted coding distortion is selected.

Abstract: When recording and reproduction are performed at the same time, if a system controller detects that an amount of data accumulated in a buffer memory exceeds a predetermined value, the system controller it stops data reading from an optical disk 109 temporarily and records data accumulated in the buffer memory continuously to the optical disk. Then, an image is prevented from becoming abnormal when a reproduction position catches up to a recording position. Further, a system controller monitors a zone in an optical disk, to which recording is performed and controls a motor at an appropriate revolution number for the recording to the zone. Further, reproduction is performed by maintaining the revolution number. Then, even if the recording position and the reproduction position belong to different zones in a recording medium, a transition time from recording to reproduction is prevented from becoming long.

Abstract: In a central mechanism for a tire vulcanizer in accordance with the present invention, after a tire has been vulcanized (a bladder is expanded), a clamp rod is elevated to elevate a lower ring and separate it from a housing. After that, the clamp rod is turned so that a claw of a claw mechanism between the lower ring and the clamp rod can pass through. Then, a pin fixing a post to an upper ring is pulled out, and a bladder assembly is hung and carried out of the vulcanizer to replace the bladder and O-rings. After the bladder and other parts have been replaced, the bladder assembly is hung and mounted to the vulcanizer so that the hole for the claw mechanism of the lower ring is aligned with the upper end of the clamp rod. At this time, when the claw of the claw mechanism passes through, the lower ring is supported by the elevated clamp rod, and the lower ring and a supply/discharge opening of the housing is aligned with each other.

Abstract: In a recording device, a playback buffer is provided between a TS decoder and an AV decoder and an internal memory is provided within the AV decoder. This being so, a video frame which is being played precedes a video frame which is being received, by about six frames. This time interval between reception and playback poses a problem when manual recording is performed. To solve the problem, the same video frames which are to be played by the AV decoder are stored in a record buffer. In this way, even if the time interval exists between reception and playback, the currently played video frame and subsequent video frames can be read from the record buffer and written onto an HDD.

Abstract: A video frame is input to a spectrum analyzer, which transforms the frame from a spatial domain into a frequency domain. A resolution determiner analyzes the output of the spectrum analyzer, thereby selecting a resolution appropriate for the video frame. Then, a resolution converter converts a resolution of the video frame into the resolution selected by the resolution determiner. Thereafter, the video frame is subjected to a coding process by block divider, DCT transformer, quantizer and variable-length coder so as to be output as a coded bit stream. By coding the input video frame at a resolution corresponding to the high-frequency component in the frame, a video of higher quality can be obtained with the bit rate reduced.

Abstract: A video coding method according to the present invention is adapted to predictively code each target block within a target frame relative to a reference frame. The method includes the steps of: a) calculating an estimate of the target block based on pixel values within the target block; b) calculating respective correction values for the target block and a predicted block associated with the target block, the predicted block being generated from the reference frame by motion compensation; c) correcting the pixel values within the target and predicted blocks using the respective correction values, and calculating a predicted error based on a difference between each said pixel value within the corrected target block and an associated one of the pixel values within the corrected predicted block; d) determining a coding mode based on the estimate of the target block and the predicted error; and e) coding the target block in accordance with the coding mode determined.

Abstract: The present invention provides an encoder for encoding image data according to predictive coding including motion detection, which increases motion detection precision while suppressing an increase in the amount of data processed at the predictive coding. This encoder includes a 4×4 block divider 101 for dividing image data corresponding to a target frame to be processed into 4×4 pixel blocks; a motion compensation unit 111 for performing motion compensation for the image data in units of 4×4 pixel block, thereby to generate predicted data; an 8×8 pixel block configuration unit 103 for transforming difference data between image data corresponding to the 4×4 pixel block and predicted data corresponding to the 4×4 pixel block into prediction error data of an 8×8 pixel block. This encoder carries out a DCT process, a quantization process, and a variable length coding process for prediction error data, in units of 8×8 pixel block.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective of providing an optical disk having a high resolution picture and a system for reproducing data on the optical disk, which are compatible with a conventional system for reproducing an ordinary resolution picture. A high resolution signal is divided into a main signal and a sub signal by picture division means and MPEG-encoded. The main signal and the sub signal are divided into frames each having 1 GOP or more. The resultant first interleave block 54 and second interleave block 55 are recorded alternately on an optical disk. A high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduced both the first and second interleave blocks, so that a high resolution picture is obtained. A non-high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduces only the first or second interleave block, so that an ordinary resolution picture.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective of providing an optical disk having a high resolution picture and a system for reproducing data on the optical disk, which are compatible with a conventional system for reproducing an ordinary resolution picture. A high resolution signal is divided into a main signal and a sub signal by picture division means and MPEG-encoded. The main signal and the sub signal are divided into frames each having 1 GOP or more. The resultant first interleave block 54 and second interleave block 55 are recorded alternately on an optical disk. A high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduced both the first and second interleave blocks, so that a high resolution picture is obtained. A non-high resolution reproduction apparatus reproduces only the first or second interleave block, so that an ordinary resolution picture.

Abstract: A coder of the present invention is adapted to reproduce a signal of quality at a low coding rate even when a video or audio signal continuously supplied thereto should be coded in real time. The coder includes: a quantizer for quantizing the input signal; an encoder for encoding the output of the quantizer and outputting coded data; and a quantization parameter supply circuit for supplying a quantization parameter to the quantizer. If a scene change detector has detected a scene change, the supply circuit supplies a quantization parameter, which has been determined adaptively to a scene newly appearing after the scene change, to the quantizer. Otherwise, the supply circuit supplies a quantization parameter, which has been determined at such a value as to stabilize a coding rate, to the quantizer. In this manner, an average coding rate can be controlled and coding processing can be performed adaptively to individual scenes.

Abstract: Treatment of cells with lower alcohol provides cells having the reaction rate 350 to 600 times higher than that of cells that are not treated with lower alcohol More specifically, a simple operation of treating cells with lower alcohol provides a catalyst that has a higher activity that that of a cell extract and can be recycled.

Abstract: An encoding method for producing specific encoded data by calculating the data occupancy of a decoding buffer memory of a particular size that is used when decoding the encoded data during reproduction, defining the allocated code size of a particular period based on the calculation result, and compression coding the signal of a particular period to the allocated code size. The data occupancy is calculated on the assumption that virtual encoded data is transferred to the decoding buffer memory following the transfer of the first-encoded data to the decoding buffer memory. The data occupancy when the last data in the first encoded data is decoded is calculated as the final buffer occupancy Be. The data occupancy when the encoding process producing the second encoded data is begun is an initial buffer occupancy Bi where the initial buffer occupancy Bi is less than the final buffer occupancy Be, and thus allocated code size is defined based on the change in the data occupancy.