Abstract: Provided is an aqueous lithium ion secondary battery configured to ensure cycle stability. Disclosed is an aqueous lithium ion secondary battery comprising: an aqueous liquid electrolyte comprising water and an electrolyte, an anode active material layer comprising an anode active material, and an anode current collector, wherein a charge potential of the anode active material calculated from a current value of a reduction peak observed by cyclic voltammetry measurement using the anode active material and the aqueous liquid electrolyte, is a more noble potential than a reduction decomposition potential of the aqueous liquid electrolyte on carbon, and it is a more base potential than the reduction decomposition potential of the aqueous liquid electrolyte on the anode current collector, wherein the anode active material comprises a titanium oxide, and wherein the anode active material comprises a carbon coating layer on a surface thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous electrolyte solution that is difficult to be reduced to be decomposed, and that can improve properties of a lithium ion secondary battery when the solution is applied to the battery. The aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery includes: water; a lithium ion; a TFSI anion; and a cation that can form an ionic liquid when the cation forms a salt along with the TSFI anion in an atmospheric atmosphere, the cation being at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium cation, a piperidinium cation, a phosphonium cation, and an imidazolium cation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dual-ion secondary battery of high power and a high level of safety. The dual-ion secondary battery is an aqueous dual-ion secondary battery including: a cathode; an anode; and an aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein the cathode includes graphite as a cathode active material, the anode includes titanium oxide as an anode active material, and the aqueous electrolyte solution contains no less than 10 mol of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide per kilogram of water.

Abstract: There is provided a negative electrode current collector that is used in contact with an aqueous electrolyte solution in an aqueous lithium ion secondary battery, including a surface in contact with the aqueous electrolyte solution, the surface including a material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Pb, Zn, Sn, Mg, Zr and In as a main component.

Abstract: In a scheme for analyzing low magnification defect images and determining whether or not a defect detection method using cell comparison is applicable, if a defect detection method using cell comparison cannot be applied and the proportion transitioning to a defect detection method using die comparison increases, throughput may decrease even more than starting out with defect detection by a defect detection method using die comparison. The purpose of present invention is to carry out high precision defect detection with a stable throughput. In the present invention, the defect detection processing mode applied for detecting defects from the defect image is determined using a reference image, and defects are detected from the defect image by the defect detection processing mode that has been determined.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes an aqueous electrolyte solution and has a high discharge capacity. The lithium ion secondary battery includes an anode layer including an anode active material, a cathode layer including a cathode active material, and an electrolyte solution including a solvent and an electrolyte, wherein the anode active material includes elemental sulfur, the cathode active material includes Li element, such as a Li-containing compound, the solvent includes water as a main component, the electrolyte includes lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and the electrolyte solution includes no less than 10 mol of the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide per 1 kg of the water.

Abstract: In a scheme for analyzing low magnification defect images and determining whether or not a defect detection method using cell comparison is applicable, if a defect detection method using cell comparison cannot be applied and the proportion transitioning to a defect detection method using die comparison increases, throughput may decrease even more than starting out with defect detection by a defect detection method using die comparison. The purpose of present invention is to carry out high precision defect detection with a stable throughput. In the present invention, the defect detection processing mode applied for detecting defects from the defect image is determined using a reference image, and defects are detected from the defect image by the defect detection processing mode that has been determined.

Abstract: A nickel hydrogen battery configured to suppress a decrease in battery voltage. The battery comprises a cathode containing a cathode active material, an anode containing an anode active material, and an electrolyte layer in contact with the cathode and the anode. The cathode active material contains H2NiP2O7 having a crystal structure including at least one NiO6 octahedron and at least one PO4 tetrahedron.

Abstract: When contamination or local electrification is generated during acquisition of a low-magnification image, if a high-magnification image contains both a portion in which the contamination or local electrification is generated and a portion in which the contamination or local electrification is not generated, a region whose image quality has changed due to the contamination or local electrification is erroneously recognized as a defect. Thus, defect detection fails or it may be impossible to correctly determine the feature quantity of a defect. The invention provides a defect observation system that acquires sample images at a low magnification and a high magnification, and sets the position or size of the field of view of the high-magnification image or the electron beam irradiation range during acquisition of the low-magnification image no that the image acquired at the high magnification does not contain the outer edge of the image acquired at the low magnification.

Abstract: Provided are a defect observation method and a defect observation device which detect a defect from an image obtained by imaging the defect on a sample with an optical microscope by using positional information of the defect on the sample detected by a different inspection device to correct the positional information of the defect and observe in detail the defect on the sample with a scanning electron microscope using the corrected positional information. The defect observation method includes detecting the defect from the image to correct the positional information of the defect, switching a spatially-distributed optical element of a detection optical system of the optical microscope according to the defect to be detected, and changing an image acquisition condition for acquiring the image and an image processing condition for detecting the defect from the image according to a type of the switched spatially-distributed optical element.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an authentication system and method which can reduce a burden on a user while ensuring security by using a combination of a plurality of authentication methods.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes an aqueous electrolyte solution and has a high discharge capacity. The lithium ion secondary battery includes an anode layer including an anode active material, a cathode layer including a cathode active material, and an electrolyte solution including a solvent and an electrolyte, wherein the anode active material includes elemental sulfur, the cathode active material includes Li element, such as a Li-containing compound, the solvent includes water as a main component, the electrolyte includes lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and the electrolyte solution includes no less than 10 mol of the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide per 1 kg of the water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorescent protein and the like containing an amino acid sequence the same or substantially the same as the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.

Abstract: The present invention is suppressing the elongating phenomenon in the dark field image of defects in detecting a minute defect by using a dark field microscope. Provided is a method for detecting defects in which scattered light generated from the sample, is concentrated to form an image and is captured and processed to extract a defect to find the positional information of the defect, and the positional information is output, wherein an image of the scattered light that suppresses the occurrence of the elongating phenomenon is formed for which partial shielding of a component of the forward scattered light, that passes through a region near the outer edge of the field of view of the objective lens, and the positional information for the defect is found from a luminance signal for a defect that is extracted from a captured scattered light image that suppresses the occurrence of the elongating phenomenon.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an anode active material which may intend to improve safety of a battery. The object is attained by providing an anode active material being used for a sodium ion battery or a lithium ion battery, wherein the anode active material has an A4Nb6O17 phase (A is at least one kind of H, Na and K).

Abstract: A nickel hydrogen battery configured to suppress a decrease in battery voltage. The battery comprises a cathode containing a cathode active material, an anode containing an anode active material, and an electrolyte layer in contact with the cathode and the anode. The cathode active material contains H2NiP2O7 having a crystal structure including at least one NiO6 octahedron and at least one PO4 tetrahedron.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an anode active material for a sodium ion battery with favorable rate characteristic. The object is attained by providing an anode active material for a sodium ion battery comprising an active substance having an MNb3O8 phase belonging to an orthorhombic crystal (M is at least one kind of H, Li, Na and K), and a carbon material contacting with the active substance, wherein the active substance and the carbon material are composited.

Abstract: The problem of the present invention is to provide a sodium ion battery system capable of intending higher capacity. The present invention solves the above-mentioned problem by providing a sodium ion battery system comprising a sodium ion battery and a charge control unit, wherein the anode active material is an active material having an Na2Ti6O13 crystal phase, and the above-mentioned charge control unit controls electric current and electric potential of the above-mentioned anode active material so as to cause a second Na insertion reaction on the lower electric potential side in addition to a first Na insertion reaction in the above-mentioned Na2Ti6O13 crystal phase.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide an anode active material capable of increasing energy density at the same time increasing battery safety, and a metal ion battery prepared with the anode active material. The present invention is an anode active material including an element that belongs to alunite group capable to insert and remove an ion(s) of at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of alkali metal elements and alkaline-earth metal elements, and a metal ion battery having a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte filled between the cathode and the anode, the electrolyte conducting a metal ion(s), wherein the anode active material is contained in the anode.

Abstract: The problem of the present invention is to provide an anode active material for a sodium ion battery, which may intend to improve safety of the battery. The present invention solves the problem by providing an anode active material for a sodium ion battery including an MNb3O8 phase (M is at least one kind of H, Li, Na and K) belonging to an orthorhombic crystal.