Abstract: A generator in which connections among winding sets are changed to produce diverse powers different in voltage. Windings are grouped circumferentially in slots into winding sets, which are wound spaced circumferentially 120 electrical degrees apart to provide a three-phase system of windings. Any one winding set produces a low voltage applied to an automotive electrical system. A controller unit connects windings in other winding sets in series and/or in parallel thereby producing powers different in voltage. As an alternative, the stator is comprised of an inside cylinder forming one surface of an air gap, a circular toothed member having teeth arranged circumferentially on the inside cylinder to form sequential slots opened radially outwardly of the stator, and an outside cylinder prepared separately from the toothed member then fit over the toothed member.

Abstract: A magnetic flux control means for a motor-generator, in which an annular member regulates the magnetic flux while the on-off operation of a switching means provides more than one constant voltage depending on the rpm of the rotor. A stator contains high-tension windings, low-tension windings and variable-voltage windings. A controller conducts the switching operation among the windings to produce any desired voltage of, for example a high-tension of 100V, a low-tension of 27V for automotive electrical equipment and a variable voltage for control of an actuator. The annular member may be arranged for angular movement with respect to the stator, either outside or inside the stator.

Abstract: A motor-generator is disclosed, in which electromagnet coils are arranged at axially opposite ends of the stator, each to each end, while connections among winding sets are changed in response to the rpm of the rotor. This makes it possible to control the voltage, either at high speed or at low speed, thereby increasing the torque at low speed, or the torque on the rotor shaft at low speed and rendering the voltage stable. A rotor is comprised of a cylindrical magnetic path axially elongating to extent confronting the electromagnet coils, and a permanent-magnet member of more than one permanent-magnet piece extending axially over the magnetic path.

Abstract: A magnetic flux control means for a motor generator, in which an annular member regulates the magnetic flux while the on-off operation of a switching means provides more than one constant voltage depending on the rpm of the rotor. A stator contains high-tension windings, low-tension windings and variable-voltage windings. A controller conducts the switching operation among the windings to produce any desired voltage of, for example a high-tension of 100V, a low-tension of 27V for automotive electrical equipment and a variable voltage for control of an actuator. The annular member may be arranged for angular movement with respect to the stator, either outside or inside the stator.

Abstract: A generator is disclosed, in which connections among winding sets are changed to produce diverse powers different in voltage. A stator is composed of a stator core with teeth to form sequential slots, and many windings wound in the slots. The windings are grouped circumferentially in slot into winding sets, which are wound spaced circumferentially 120 electrical degrees apart to provide a three-phase system of windings. Any one winding set serves producing a low tension applied to automotive electrical system. A controller unit makes terminals of the windings in other winding sets connect in series and/or in parallel thereby producing powers different in voltage.

Abstract: A motor-generator is disclosed, in which electromagnet coils are arranged at axially opposite ends of the stator, each to each end, while connections among winding sets are changed in response to the rpm of the rotor. This makes it possible to control the voltage, either at high speed or at low speed, thereby increasing the torque at low speed, or the torque on the rotor shaft at low speed and rendering the voltage stable. A rotor is comprised of a cylindrical magnetic path axially elongating to extent confronting the electromagnet coils, and a permanent-magnet member of more than one permanent-magnet piece extending axially over the magnetic path.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structure of a rotor for a generator in which a rotor capable of being ground very easily with a high accuracy is incorporated. This structure of a rotor comprises a rotor mounted fixedly on a rotary shaft supported rotatably on housings. The rotor comprises cylindrically arranged members in which segmental members of permanent magnets are assembled together cylindrically, and an outer cylinder provided on an outer circumference of the cylindrically arranged members and comprising windings or woven cloths of fibers. A resin material capable of being ground is packed in clearances between the cylindrically arranged members and outer cylinder and in the clearances in the outer cylinder.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus has heat exchangers comprising porous material of improved heat exchange efficiency provided in an exhaust passage, and a ceramic engine provided with a supercharger comparing a steam turbine driven by the steam generated in the heat exchanger apparatus. The heat exchange apparatus comprises a high temperature heat exchanger having a steam passage provided in an exhaust gas passage through which an exhaust gas passes whereby steam is heated, and a low temperature heat exchanger provided in the portion of the exhaust gas passage on the downstream side of the high temperature heat exchanger which has a water passage for heating water by the exhaust gas. The ceramic engine has a steam turbine type supercharger provided with a steam turbine driven by the steam from the high temperature heat exchanges, a compressor, and a condenser which separates a fluid discharged from the steam turbine into water and low temperature steam.

Abstract: This invention provides a cogeneration system formed compactly and provided with a plurality of generators, wherein a plurality of miniaturized generators are coupled to a flywheel provided in an engine. In this cogeneration system, a toothed endless belt is meshed with a toothed portion formed on an outer circumference of the flywheel provided in an engine, and electric power is generated by driving a plurality of generators by the toothed endless belt via speedup gears. The electric power generated by the generators is synthesized and then transformed by a transformer, and the resultant electric power is consumed by a load via a rectifying diode and an inverter.

Abstract: This ceramic sheath type thermocouple has a long service life, an improved temperature measuring responsibility and an improved temperature measuring precision, and enables repetitive use. The ceramic sheath type thermocouple has its protective tube 1 formed of a heat resisting ceramics selected from silicon nitride, sialon and silicon carbide. In the protective tube 1 are installed a pair of W--Re wires that are connected to form a joint portion constituting a temperature measuring point 5. A filler made of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 reaction-sintered ceramics is loaded into the front end portion of the protective tube to enclose the W--Re wires. Another filler made of SiC whisker with a heat conductivity smaller than that of the filler of the front end portion is loaded into the rear portion of the protective tube. An inert gas is sealed in the protective tube.

Abstract: This hybrid powered automobile has generators driven by the engine and a battery, and also includes a controller that selects the motive power in compliance with regulations on noise and NOx. The controller of the hybrid powered automobile selects whether the vehicle is to be driven by the electricity of the generators driven by the engine or by the electricity of the battery. When the battery charge level is lower than a specified level, the engine is operated in a range where the engine produces a minimum amount of NOx and the mileage does not deteriorate. When the vehicle is traveling in areas where release of exhaust emissions is permitted, the engine is operated to generate electricity to recharge the battery. The control of switching the motive power between the engine and the battery is performed by receiving a signal transmitted from a traffic light equipment elected on the road.

Abstract: Disclosed a thermal- and sound-insulating container having a chamber, which is defined by multilayer wall structure including vacuum layers therein. The chamber is made as small as possible the surface area thereof to achieve the high insulating effectiveness. The thermal- and sound-insulating container is comprised of the multilayer wall structure with vacuum layers therein, which constitutes the chamber defined in a hollow cylinder partially having a flat secant face, the hollow cylinder having a cross section of a circle or an ellipse that closely resembles the circle. The multilayer wall structure is composed of a pair of confronting frames arranged spaced away from each other, surface panels attached to the frames to define an empty space between the confronting frames, and sealing members arranged between the frames and the peripheries of the surface panels so as to keep the space at vacuum.

Abstract: This heat recovering apparatus for a cogeneration system with an engine comprises a turbocharger driven by an exhaust gas, an energy recovering turbine provided on the downstream side of the turbocharger, and a heat exchanger provided on the downstream side of the energy recovering turbine. The energy recovering turbine comprises a gas turbine driven by an exhaust gas, and a steam turbine driven by steam occurring in the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprises a casing joined to an exhaust gas passage, oxidation resisting ceramic pipes, in which the water and steam flow, provided in the casing, and oxidation resisting ceramic porous members, through which an exhaust gas can pass, provided in the portions of the interior of the casing which are on the outer sides of the ceramic pipes.

Abstract: The gas engine with a gas fuel reforming device thermally decomposes CH.sub.4, a major component of natural gas, into a reformed fuel of CO and H.sub.2 to increase the heat produced and thereby reduce the CO.sub.2 content in the exhaust gas and prevent the formation of NO.sub.x. The gas engine mixes CH.sub.4 with CO.sub.2 and sends the gas mixture to the catalyst reactor installed in the exhaust passage where the gas mixture is thermally decomposed into a reformed fuel by using the thermal energy of the exhaust gas. CO.sub.2 is extracted from the exhaust gas by the CO.sub.2 supply device which in turn sends the CO.sub.2 to the catalyst reactor. The CO.sub.2 supply device comprises a CO.sub.2 dissolving device that accommodates a solution to dissolve CO.sub.2 of low-temperature exhaust gas and a CO.sub.2 delivery device installed in the exhaust passage through which high-temperature exhaust gas flows and adapted to release CO.sub.2 from the solution supplied from the CO.sub.2 dissolving device. The CO.sub.

Abstract: This gas engine with pre-combustion chambers. effectively uses ejection energy of flames and air-fuel mixtures ejected from the pre-combustion chambers into the main combustion chambers to shorten the combustion duration and thereby enhance performance. Installed in the cylinder head at the central part of the cylinders are pre-combustion chamber structures. that form pre-combustion chambers; Combustion chamber structures are formed with communication port that communicate the pre-combustion chambers with the main combustion chambers. Control valves are provided to open and close the communication ports. The communication ports comprise main communication ports and sub-communication ports formed around the main communication ports. The sub-communication ports are formed in the combustion chamber structures so that they extend radially toward the cylinder periphery.

Abstract: A synchronous generator which is driven by an engine whose rotation variation is large and which can easily incorporate an output voltage stabilization circuit. In this synchronous generator, magnetism shorting paths for a magnetic field produced by the armature coil is formed without changing the armature specifications. Magnetic fluxes produced by currents flowing in the armature coils can easily pass through the magnetism shorting paths, thereby increasing the equivalent inductance value and improving the frequency characteristic of the inductance. This in turn improves the voltage step-up chopper characteristic during generation to stabilize the generated voltage of the synchronous generator driven by, for example, an automobile engine that widely varies in revolution speed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unit sheath adaptable to a glow plug or a thermocouple, which is improved in durability by the protection from burn-out of the conductive filament. The unit sheath is preferably adapted to a glow plug 10. A protective envelope 1 of ceramics high in density includes a metallic filament 4 of any one of pure tungsten, molybdenum or alloy thereof. A high-density sealant 3 hermetically closes the envelope 1 at its opened end 5. Filler 2 of non-conductive, unburned material is packed in the space around the metallic filament 4 in the envelope 1. The filler contains therein an additive 7 that may be subjected to the oxidation at the temperature lower than that of the metallic filament 4. The additive 7 is composed of at least any one of a free oxygen absorber selected from the group of carbon, titanium, boron, aluminum and nitride thereof, or the mixture thereof.

Abstract: This invention provide a fuel heating apparatus for engines using a heavy oil as a fuel, wherein the heavy oil is heated by utilizing the exhaust gas energy so as to promote an increase in the fluidity thereof. This fuel heating apparatus can be applied to a diesel engine in which a heavy oil is injected from fuel injection nozzles into combustion chambers by an operation of a fuel injection pump to which the heavy oil is supplied from a fuel tank through a fuel passage. An exhaust gas passage to which the exhaust gas from the combustion chambers is discharged is connected to a heat exchanger provided in the fuel tank and a heat exchanger provided around the fuel passage, and the heavy oil in an outlet region of the fuel tank and that flowing in the fuel passage are heated with the energy of the exhaust gas. Thus, the heavy oil is fluidized, and the injection of the heavy oil from the injection nozzle into the combustion chamber is done smoothly.

Abstract: To minimize an increase in friction during the compression stroke, a part of the force to compress the air in the main combustion chamber is stored as a spring force to prevent an excess rise of compressed air pressure in the main combustion chamber and to keep low the pressure difference between the main combustion chamber and the pre-combustion chamber. The spring force stored in the spring is recovered as a work during the power stroke to reduce the energy that is used in the form of friction and heat, thereby improving the utilization of air in the main combustion chamber, increasing the combustion speed in the main combustion chamber, shortening the combustion period. By applying the spring force stored in the spring to the piston as a work, the fuel cost is reduced.

Abstract: This gas engine with pre-combustion chambers effectively uses ejection energy of flames and air-fuel mixtures ejected from the pre-combustion chambers into the main combustion chambers to shorten the combustion duration and thereby enhance performance. Installed in the cylinder head at the central part of the cylinders are pre-combustion chamber structures that form pre-combustion chambers. Combustion chamber structures are formed with communication port that communicate the pre-combustion chambers with the main combustion chambers. Control valves are provided to open and close the communication ports. The communication ports comprise main communication ports and sub-communication ports formed around the main communication ports. The sub-communication ports are formed in the combustion chamber structures so that they extend radially toward the cylinder periphery.