Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises an AlN layer, a GaN layer, and an AlGaN layer sequentially formed on a semiconductor substrate. A first opening extends through said GaN layer and said AlGaN layer and exposes part of an upper surface of the AlN layer. A second opening extends through the semiconductor substrate and exposes a part of a lower surface of the AlN layer, in a location facing the first opening. A upper electrode is exposed on an upper surface of the AlN layer in the first opening; and a lower electrode is disposed on a lower surface of the AlN layer in the second opening.

Abstract: A pump beam irradiates the surface of a semiconductor sample through modulator while irradiating the surface with a probe beam so that a detector measures a light-modulated spectrum of the probe beam reflected from the surface of the semiconductor sample. Then, surface electric field strength is calculated from the period of Franz-Keldysh oscillations appearing in the light-modulated spectrum, and the surface recombination velocity and surface Fermi level are calculated based on a relation between the surface electric field strength and the probe beam power density.

Abstract: An aqueous solution is prepared comprising 5 to 25% by weight of an anionic surfactant, 0.5 to 20% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant, 4 to 6% by weight of a nonionic surfactant and, if necessary, an antiseptic and the aqueous solution is adjusted with an organic acid to pH in the range of 4.5 to 7.0, which is used as an undiluted solution of a hydrophilicity maintaining and promoting agent for a polysilazane-containing coating film. The undiluted solution is diluted with water to from 3 to 15 times and the resulting solution is used as a hydrophilicity promoting agent. While the undiluted solution is diluted with water to from 30 to 70 times and the resulting solution is used as a hydrophilicity maintaining agent. The hydrophilicity promoting agent is applied on an anti-fouling coating film which is formed by applying on a substrate a coating solution comprising polysilazane and, if necessary, silica conversion catalyst, and thereby the coating film is made hydrophilic in an extremely short time.

Abstract: A commodity inspection system attaches a ferromagnetic body to a genuine commodity in advance and detects the magnetic characteristic of the ferromagnetic body so as to judge whether the inspection object is a genuine commodity. The system includes: an magnetization coil for applying a magnetic field changing at a predetermined frequency to a inspection object; a detection coil for detecting the change of the magnetic flux density caused by the magnetic field change; an FFT unit for acquiring a frequency spectrum corresponding to magnetic flux density change; and a judgment unit for judging whether the inspection object is a genuine commodity according to the acquired frequency spectrum. The ferromagnetic body causes a steep magnetization reversal when a magnetic field exceeding its coercive force is applied.

Abstract: The present invention related to a thermoplastic resin composition for masterbatches, comprising an organophosphorus compound represented by General Formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 each represent an organic group or a halogen atom, and m and n each represent an integer of 0 to 4, and when m or n is an integer of 2 to 4, R1 and R2 may be the same or different, and a thermoplastic resin, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition for masterbatches contains a phosphorus content of 5000 ppm or more. The thermoplastic resin composition for masterbatches can easily be molded even when it has high phosphorus content and thus flame retardancy.

Abstract: A method for evaluating semiconductor layers includes irradiating semiconductor layers on a substrate with light; measuring an optical spectrum peculiar to excitons in the semiconductor layers; and analyzing a broadening factor of optical spectral features of the optical spectrum. The method provides a quick measurement of a surface state of the semiconductor layers with high accuracy.

Abstract: A pump beam irradiates the surface of a semiconductor sample through modulator while irradiating the surface with a probe beam so that a detector measures a light-modulated spectrum of the probe beam reflected from the surface of the semiconductor sample. Then, surface electric field strength is calculated from the period of Franz-Keldysh oscillations appearing in the light-modulated spectrum, and the surface recombination velocity and surface Fermi level are calculated based on a relation between the surface electric field strength and the probe beam power density.

Abstract: In a measuring apparatus for a semiconductor multiple layer structure, a spectrometer disperses light from a sample for measurement of the photoluminescence spectrum or disperses probe light to irradiate the sample for the measurement of the reflection spectrum. A controller makes a guide member guide the white light to the spectrometer and acquire electric signals from a first detector for the measurement of the reflection spectrum, and makes the guide member guide the light from the spectrometer to a second detector to acquire electric signals for the measurement of the photoluminescence spectrum.

Abstract: In a method of evaluating a piezoelectric field, non-destructive spectrometry of piezoelectric fields is performed in a semiconductor heterojunction using a technique different from PR spectroscopy. In the method, at first, first and second absorption spectra are measured by irradiating the sample with infrared light at first and second angles, respectively. Then, a peak position of an absorption band having incident-angle dependent intensity is specified, based on the first and second absorption spectra. Thus, the piezoelectric field strength is obtained using a relationship between the piezoelectric field and an electron energy level corresponding to the peak position.

Abstract: An aqueous solution is prepared comprising 5 to 25% by weight of an anionic surfactant, 0.5 to 20% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant, 4 to 6% by weight of a nonionic surfactant and, if necessary, an antiseptic and the aqueous solution is adjusted with an organic acid to pH in the range of 4.5 to 7.0, which is used as an undiluted solution of a hydrophilicity maintaining and promoting agent for a polysilazane-containing coating film. The undiluted solution is diluted with water to from 3 to 15 times and the resulting solution is used as a hydrophilicity promoting agent. While the undiluted solution is diluted with water to from 30 to 70 times and the resulting solution is used as a hydrophilicity maintaining agent. The hydrophilicity promoting agent is applied on an anti-fouling coating film which is formed by applying on a substrate a coating solution comprising polysilazane and, if necessary, silica conversion catalyst, and thereby the coating film is made hydrophilic in an extremely short time.

Abstract: In a measuring apparatus for a semiconductor multiple layer structure, a spectrometer disperses light from a sample for measurement of the photoluminescence spectrum or disperses probe light to irradiate the sample for the measurement of the reflection spectrum. A controller makes a guide member guide the white light to the spectrometer and acquire electric signals from a first detector for the measurement of the reflection spectrum, and makes the guide member guide the light from the spectrometer to a second detector to acquire electric signals for the measurement of the photoluminescence spectrum.

Abstract: In a method of evaluating a piezoelectric field, a non-destructive spectrometry of piezoelectric fields is performed in a semiconductor heterojunction using a technique different from PR spectroscopy. In the method, at first, first and second absorption spectra are measured by irradiating infrared light to a sample with first and second angles, respectively. Then, a peak position of an absorption band having incident-angle dependent intensity is specified based on the first and second absorption spectra. Thus, the piezoelectric field strength is obtained based on an equation of energy level. The equation represents a relationship between the piezoelectric field and an electron energy level corresponding to the peak position.

Abstract: A lime soap dispersant comprising a polyester represented by the general formula: wherein A represents a —CO— group, R1 represents a C2-4 alkylene group, R2 represents a C3-4 alkylene group, R3 represents a phenylene group, naphthylene group or biphenylene group, R4 represents a C2-8 alkylene group, R5 represents a C2-8 alkylene group, R6 represents a phenylene, naphthylene or biphenylene group which may be substituted with a —SO3M or —COOM group, X represents H, a C1-4 alkyl group, —R7SO3M group, —R8COOM group or —C(O)R9 group, M represents H or water-soluble cation, and R7, R8 and R9 independently represent a C1-4 alkyl group, m1 and m2 are independently a number of 0 to 25 while m1+m2 is 3 to 25, n1 is a number of 1 to 40, n2 is 0 to 5, n3 is 1 to 40, n4 is 1 to 10, n5 is 0 to 5, and n6 is 1 to 40.

Abstract: The apparatus includes: a sequencer 11 for outputting a start signal, a timing signal, a write-in signal, and a clock signal sequentially, when an AD start signal is input; an ADC 12 for measuring an output of a device under test (DUT) 3 to which a test pattern is input, when the start signal is input; an arithmetic/logical unit (ALU) 13 for outputting an output voltage value of the ADC when the timing signal is input, and for outputting a result of comparing the output voltage value with an expected value to the pattern generator as a PASS/FAIL signal; an address counter 14 for updating an address value to be output when the clock signal is input; and a history memory for storing a measurement value in an address indicated by the address value when the write-in signal is input. This configuration makes it possible to measure each voltage value output from the DUT for a test pattern corresponding each AD start signal.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention includes: a sequencer 11 for outputting a start signal, a timing signal, a write-in signal, and a clock signal sequentially, when an AD start signal is input; an ADC 12 for measuring an output of a device under test (DUT) 3 to which a test pattern is input, when the start signal is input; an arithmetic/logical unit (ALU) 13 for outputting an output voltage value of the ADC when the timing signal is input, and for outputting a result of comparing the output voltage value with an expected value to the pattern generator as a PASS/FAIL signal; an address counter 14 for updating an address value to be output when the clock signal is input; and a history memory for storing a measurement value in an address indicated by the address value when the write-in signal is input. This configuration makes it possible to measure each voltage value output from the DUT for a test pattern corresponding each AD start signal.

Abstract: A lime soap dispersant comprising a polyester represented by the general formula: 1

Abstract: A polyester having a good color tone can be obtained by using, as an ester-forming component, a compound derived from an organophosphorous composition comprising an organophosphorous compound represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 represent an organic group or a halogen atom, and m and n represent an integer of 0 to 4, provided that R1 and R2 may be the same or different when m or n is an integer of 2 to 4, and a divalent metallic compound in an amount more than 30 ppm and not more than 2300 ppm in terms of a divalent metal based on the organophosphorous compound.

Abstract: An unsaturated polyester resin composition contains a silicone-containing macro-azo-initiator and/or a silicone-containing block copolymer obtained by copolymerizing the silicone-containing macro-azo-initiator with a nonionic monomer.

Abstract: A hydrogen peroxide-containing bleach liquor containing one or more compounds selected from organic phosphonic acids and their salts; and a water-soluble alkylamide. A bleaching method comprising using this bleach liquor or this bleach liquor deprived of the water-soluble alkylamide; and performing bleaching with the bleach liquor set at pH 10.0 to 10.7 and heated at 80.degree. to 130.degree. C. (110.degree. to 130.degree. C. in the absence of the alkylamide). The hydrogen peroxide-containing bleach liquor achieves an excellent bleaching effect without using a silicic acid-derived substance which causes a silicate-induced trouble. The bleaching method achieves an unsurpassed bleaching effect by use of the bleach liquor at a temperature in a broad range of 80.degree. to 130.degree. C. under lower alkaline conditions while curtailing the diminution of the physical properties of fibers to be bleached, whether cotton or synthetic fibers.

Abstract: An excess current detection and control circuit for a power source system to provide an overall electric current to a device to be tested, includes: a plurality of device power sources connected in parallel with each other to form the power source system whereby supplying an electric current to the device wherein each of the device power sources is provided with a predetermined excess current level flowing to the device and maintaining the excess current without further increasing the electric current level and generates an excess current detection signal when the electric current reaching the excess current level, a power source condition monitor device connected to the plurality of device power sources for receiving the excess current detection signal from each of the device power sources and generating an interruption signal only when receiving the excess current detection signal from each and all of the device power sources connected to the device to be tested, and a central processor unit for determining