Abstract: A method and apparatus for initializing disk drive apparatus wherein a pickup head is positioned near the mid-range of tracks on a disk by moving the head at power-on to an innermost track and thereafter moving the head outwardly. As outward movement begins, a tracking error signal is sensed to indicate a track crossing, and the number of tracks crossed are counted until the head is at the mid-range of tracks. A velocity profile is used to speed movement of the head to its destination.

Abstract: This invention relates to a technique for obtaining a desired laser power. In write mode the laser power in an optical disk drive is determined in accordance with a DAC value which controls a power supply for the laser, but the correlation between the laser power and the DAC value significantly varies depending on the efficiency of the individual laser diode or laser oscillator. Because the laser power in read mode has been adjusted to a predetermined value during manufacturing, the DAC value which generates the same laser power as the reading laser power is known and is used to generate the desired laser power, such as the writing laser power.

Abstract: A magnetooptic recorder uses a magnetooptic disk for any predetermined number of radially inward tracks which are designated as calibration tracks. One of the calibration tracks is selected as a laser calibration track. The selected track is high powered erased and a test pattern is written on the track. A test pattern is repeated at diverse levels of laser recording power. A test pattern preferably includes or is limited to the highest frequency to be recorded in the ensuing data recordings. The recorded test pattern is read back with the readback signal amplitude being envelope indicated and detected. A table of signal envelope values is created in a digital computer. The values then are fit to a curve using second order polynomial curve fitting techniques.

Abstract: In the print apparatus of this invention, a ruled line is formed on a print medium as a line-up of lines printed by plural printing operation with a line type. A carriage on which the printing unit including the line type is installed is moved from the position where the end of the ruled line composing the outline of a table, is located toward the center of the table at a half print pitch of maximum print pitch, irrespective of the print pitch set by an operator, when the edge of the ruled line is printed. And the ruled line is printed on the print medium by the operation of the printing unit. Moreover, when the middle size of type which can be used corresponding to various print pitches is installed on the carriage, the ruled line can be printed not to protrude from ruled line composing the outline contacting with this ruled line whatever print pitches are set.

Abstract: A data input/output device is provided having a memory which includes a plurality of memory areas each of which has a particular format for storing input data. A display device displays the data in a format corresponding to a selected one of the formats. Inputted character data is stored in the memory area corresponding to the selected one of the formats and simultaneously into non-selected ones of the memory areas.

Abstract: A method for providing a plurality of external IC (Integrated Circuit) cartridges to an electronic device having a CPU (Central Processing Unit) is disclosed. The IC cartridge includes first and second connectors. The first is connected to the electronic device and the second is connected to another IC cartridge and enables a plurality of IC cartridges to be connected to one electronic device. Each of the IC cartridges has a selector which selects an individual memory address. Either the IC cartridge or the electronic device has a label on which the method for setting the memory address is indicated.

Abstract: A printer wherein a print head is movable by a head release mechanism, between a printing position and a release position, and a print ribbon is fed only when the print head is in the printing position. The printer has a space commanding member such as a space key adapted to feed the print head to provide a single space, when the space commanding member is momentarily operated, and feed the print head continuously to provide successive spaces while the space commanding member is held operated. The printer has a head-release control device which inhibits the head release mechanism from operating to move the print head to the release position if the space commanding member is momentarily operated, and activates the head release mechanism to move the print head to the release position if the space commanding member is operated continuously.

Abstract: A printing device with a data memory efficiently stores character code data and other attribute data in a limited memory region. If a character code of a print data input from the keyboard is a space code, the print data is nullified, and a pitch data corresponding to the space code is added to the pitch data corresponding to the character code previously stored in a correction memory. Namely, the data are compressed. Since only the print data excepting the space code data is stored in the memory, the limited memory region is efficiently used.

Abstract: A data input device having key switches which are temporarily in an operated position, and position-hold switches each having selectable stable positions. The device includes a first matrix, a second matrix, and a matrix scanning arrangement. The first matrix comprises first and second signal lines which cross each other, and the second matrix comprises third and fourth signal lines which cross each other. Each key switch is connected between the first and second lines at a corresponding one of the intersections. Similarly, each position-hold switch is connected between the third and fourth lines at a corresponding one of the intersections. Some of the first or second lines are used as the third or fourth lines.

Abstract: A typewriter having an automatic erasing function, having an erasing device responsive to an erasure-start key, for effecting an erasing operation to successively erase the characters printed by a printing device, and a controller responsive to the erasure-stop key, for permitting the erasing device to interrupt the erasing operation. The typewriter has an input buffer for storing input data which is entered through a keyboard while the erasing device is operated, the typewriter. The typewriter may be arranged so that the input buffer is cleared upon operation of an erasure-stop key. The above arrangement may be adapted to erase successive words on a display device as character and space data are retrieved from a memory. In this case, a device may be provided to suspend a continuous erasing operation for a predetermined time each time the space data representative of a space between the words has been retrieved from the memory after at least one character has been erased.

Abstract: The present invention is of a character-erasable printing apparatus adopting an erase controlling means which outputs to a printing mechanism a move control signal moving a printing head to the print position of the head character of a character string corresponding to the printing head and subsequently outputs to an erasing mechanism an erase control signal erasing characters sequentially from the head character to the last character on receiving an erase command from an inputting means.

Abstract: A document processor having a keyboard, a displaying apparatus for displaying inputted characters and symbols on a display and a control device for controlling the displaying apparatus, there is provided an improvement that permits the moving of an inputted word separated at the right margin set position on the display to the start of the succeeding display line by wordlap control, such that the separated word is displayed distinguishably on the display, for example, by blinking, in order to distinguish the separated word to an operator before moving the word to the succeeding line.

Abstract: Mitomycin derivatives having potent antitumour activity have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl;X represents hydrogen or carbamoyl;Y and Z each independently represents hydrogen or methyl;and represents an .alpha. or .beta. bond.

Abstract: Mitomycin derivatives having potent antitumor activity having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is ON--or R.sub.4 N.dbd.N--[wherein R.sub.4 is selected from ##STR2## and optionally substituted heterocyclic groups (wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.8 are each independently selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl and lower cycloalkyl; R.sub.6 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino and nitro; R.sub.7 is selected from lower alkyl and lower cycloalkyl; and X is selected from oxygen, sulphur and imino)];R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted alkanoyl, optionally substituted arylcarbonyl, optionally substituted alkanesulfonyl, arylsulfonyl and aralkylsulfonyl;R.sub.3 is hydrogen or carbamoyl;Y is hydrogen or methyl;Z is selected from hydrogen, methyl and acetyl;and is an .alpha. or .beta. bond.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter capable of being changed over in operating mode selectively between a non-print mode and a print mode, during text creating operation, for storing entered data in a text memory. An objective position, to which the print head is to be moved, is decided through calculation when operation mode is changed over again from non-print mode to print mode, after the operating mode has previously been changed from print mode to non-print mode. When the print head is moved toward the right margin on the basis of the calculated result, sheet feed operation is not executed, whereas, when the print head is moved toward the left margin on the basis of the calculated result, the sheet feed operation is executed prior to movement of the print head. Thus, duplicate printing on the recording paper is advantageously avoided.

Abstract: A printing apparatus with a text memory which is capable of correcting a data stored in a text memory wthout using a display mechanism is disclosed.When a first write control means receives a memory print command during printing of the text memory data by a printing mechanism, data read from the text memory is written into a correction memory. A correction control means erases data commanded to be erased from the correction memory and stores the corrected data therein.When a second write control means receives a command to release memory print stop, data of the correction memory, that is, data including the corrected data are written into the text memory.

Abstract: The present electronic typewriter executes a spelling check control and, more specifically, judges whether or not a word in a dictionary memory identical to an inputted word exists. If a word does not exists, the word printing operation or sweep display of this word is automatically interrupted by a central processing unit. The present invention further provides an electronic typewriter wherein the operator is freed of the spelling check task and high-speed key-in operation can be achieved by preventing misspelled words from being printed.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter having a carriage which is automatically returned upon entering of space data through one operation of a space key on a keyboard, which space data is to be executed within an automatic-carriage-return zone which consists of a desired number of columns just before or up to the right-hand margin of the line of printing, comprising: a check device for checking whether printing data entered immediately after space data which causes an automatic carriage return is another space data or not; a timer which is started upon entering of the carriage-return space data; and a control device for comparing data of a time which is given by the timer when the above-indicated another space data is entered, with data of a predetermined reference time, and thereby executing the above-indicated another space data if the data of the time which is given by the timer is found to be beyond the data of the reference time, the control device neglecting the above another space data if the data of the time of th

Abstract: A printer according to the invention includes a keyboard provided with a cursor key and a mode selection key for selecting a double-width mode, a display for displaying inputted data, a cursor displayed on the display and shifted by operating said cursor key for indicating a position of the data to be processed, a double-width mark displayed on a digit adjacent to a double-width character on the display in the double-width mode, and a controlling means for controlling the double-width mark to be displayed in conjunction with the double-width character and for controlling the cursor when shifted by operating the cursor key to indicate only a double-width character while avoiding a double-width mark.

Abstract: The print data and the head shift data which instruct feeding of a print head input from a keyboard of a typewriter, are sequentially stored temporarily in a print buffer. Print processing or heat shifting is executed on the basis of the data sequentially read from the print buffer. In case the head shift data is stored continuously in the print buffer, the head shifting apparatus calculates finally the target position of the print head and shifts the print head to such position.