Abstract: The present invention provides a self light-emitting retroreflective sheet including a light-transmitting retroreflective element including a plurality of prismatic projections, a lining film, and an electroluminescence device. The lining film includes a light-transmitting film which has sealing projections on one of its surfaces so that the prismatic projections are confined within a plurality of sealed cells formed by the sealing projections. In the sealed cells, a surface of the prismatic projections interface with air so as to increase light-emitting luminance and improve its uniformity.

Abstract: Electroluminescent retroreflective article comprising: (a) a retroreflective member comprising (1) a cube corner member having a front surface and a back surface, the back surface having a plurality of cube corner elements protruding therefrom and (2) a seal film bonded to the back surface having a first surface oriented toward the cube corner elements and a second surface oriented away from the cube corner elements; and (b) an electroluminescent element bonded to the second surface of the seal film such that the electroluminescent element emits light incident to the seal film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixel elements, the optical transmissivity of which is varied by suitable electrical signals. The liquid crystal display device has electrodes which apply electric fields to a liquid crystal layer, the electric fields having components in a direction generally parallel to the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel element has at least one pixel electrode which extends in a common direction as a signal electrode and common electrodes which extend over several pixel elements. The common electrodes may be on the same side of the liquid crystal layer as the pixel and signal electrodes, or they may be on opposite sides. Each pixel may have two pixel electrodes with the signal electrode disposed therebetween, and there are then a pair of common electrodes with the pixel electrodes therebetween. The common electrodes may be common to adjacent pixel elements. The pixel electrodes and the common electrodes may be separated by an insulating film.

Abstract: An adhesive film for decoration prepared by coating an adhesive on a surface of a film substrate, characterized in that the adhesive has microspheres, an elastic modulus of the to 1 microspheres is 1.times.10.sup.4 to 1.times.10.sup.7 dyn/cm.sup.2 and their particle diameter is 10 to 100 .mu.m (volume average diameter).

Abstract: Luminous retroreflective sheetings have a transparent cover layer, an optical layer disposed beneath the cover layer, and a reflective layer. The optical layer includes a first polymer layer and a monolayer of beads at least partially embedded therein. The reflective layer is disposed proximate a focal plane of the monolayer of beads. The monolayer of beads includes transparent beads that, in combination with the reflective layer, retroreflect incident light. The monolayer also includes light-emitting beads that emit light under the influence of an applied voltage or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Processes for making such sheetings are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for preparing a compound, in which materials difficult to prepare at low temperature can be prepared even if the temperature is such a low temperature as room temperature. In this process, a solid catalyst is disposed in a vessel, a sub-reaction field f is formed on the surface of the solid catalyst, and materials for reaction are supplied to the sub-reaction field f whereby the reaction is progressed to synthesize an objective compound.

Abstract: There is provided a battery activating method for an alkaline rechargeable battery, in which the capacity is not decreased even when the battery voltage is decreased by continuous load connection or self discharge. The temperature at the start of charging is set at 30.degree. to 80.degree. C. when activation is performed by charging the alkaline rechargeable battery having a nickel electrode, in which the powder of divalent cobalt compound, for example, CoO powder is contained in an active substance mixture, as a positive electrode.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixel elements, the optical transmissivity of which is varied by suitable electrical signals. The liquid crystal display device has electrodes which apply electric fields to a liquid crystal layer, the electric fields having components in a direction generally parallel to the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel element has at least one pixel electrode which extends in a common direction as signal electrodes and common electrodes which extend over several pixel elements. The common electrodes may be on the same side of the liquid crystal layer as the pixel and signal electrodes, or they may be on opposite sides. Each pixel may have two pixel electrodes with the signal electrode therebetween and there are then a pair of common electrodes with the pixel electrodes therebetween. The common electrodes may be common to adjacent pixel elements. The pixel electrodes and the common electrodes may be separated by an insulating film.

Abstract: There is provided a nickel electrode for an alkaline secondary battery, in which the coefficient of use of nickel hydroxide, which is an active substance, is high, the swell restricting effect is high, and the charging/discharging cycle life characteristic is high. The nickel electrode is formed by filling a conductive, porous substance of a three-dimensional network structure with a mixture containing an active substance consisting mainly of nickel hydroxide. The nickel hydroxide is such that, when thermogravimetric analysis is performed at a heating rate of 10.degree. C./min and the TG curve is plotted, the value obtained by subtracting the weight decrease percentage at a temperature of T.degree.C. at which the DTG curve, the differential curve of the TG curve, turns to an upward curve from the weight decrease percentage of the nickel hydroxide at a temperature of 100.degree. C. is 0.6 to 1.5%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixel elements, the optical transmissivity of which is varied by suitable electrical signals. The liquid crystal display device has electrodes which apply electric fields to a liquid crystal layer, the electric fields having components in a direction generally parallel to the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel element has at least one pixel electrode which extends in a common direction as a signal electrode and common electrodes which extend over several pixel elements. The common electrodes may be on the same side of the liquid crystal layer as the pixel and signal electrodes, or they may be on opposite sides. Each pixel may have two pixel electrodes with the signal electrode disposed therebetween, and there are then a pair of common electrodes with the pixel electrodes therebetween. The common electrodes may be common to adjacent pixel elements. The pixel electrodes and the common electrodes may be separated by an insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising: (a) a liquid crystal layer arranged between substrates each having an electrode; (b) a pair of polarizers arranged so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer; (c) a birefringent medium arranged between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the polarizers, when a voltage is applied so that liquid crystal molecules at boundary regions facing said substrates have different tilt angles from other molecules, retardation in said birefringent medium being equal or close to remaining retardation due to the liquid crystal molecules at boundary regions, and the slow axis of said birefringent medium being set for an angle to compensate for said remaining retardation; and (d) control means for changing transmission of said liquid crystal layer by applying voltages of two or more values between said electrodes.

Abstract: The phenol resin molding composition used in the present invention is obtained by subjecting a resol-type phenol resin to purification until, when the resin is extracted by heating with 10 times the amount of hot water at 120.degree. C. for 100 hours or more, the extract has an electric conductivity of 100 .mu.S/cm or less, a pH of 4-7 and a halogen ion content of 10 ppm or less, then preparing a composition comprising a resin component consisting of said resol-type phenol resin and a cure rate controlling agent incorporated therewith, optionally incorporating a filler into said composition, kneading the resulting mixture, and then grinding the kneaded mixture. The composition has a good moldability and, when used for resin-sealing of electronic devices or semiconductor devices and transfer-molding of electronic devices using resin, exhibits an excellent adhesive property, electric properties, moisture resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: A resin encapsulated semiconductor device sealed with an epoxy resin molding material particularly containing a brominated epoxy resin as a flame retardant with the bromine content of 0.5% by weight or less, antimony oxide as a flame retardant in an amount of 2.0% by weight or more and a quaternary phosphonium tetrasubstituted borate as a curing accelerator is excellent in connection reliability at Au/Al junctions and heat resistance.

Abstract: A flat-bed press having a carriage (4) which includes an ink roller (7) and a blanket (5), and which is adapted to be moved on a press body frame (1) provided with an inking unit (3) at at least one end thereof, characterized in that the press body frame (1) is provided therein with a table (10) on which the materials (12) to be printed are placed, a feed head (21) having suckers (22) for retaining thereon a material (12) to be printed, and a transfer means (23) for moving the feed head (21) and carrying the material (12) to be printed which is retained on the suckers (22) to a paper bed (9).

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device produced by forming an orientation controlling film on each surface of upper and lower substrates having an electrode, placing a liquid crystal composition between said substrates, and then sealing the periphery of the substrate, the response times, particularly those at low temperatures can be reduced by using, as the aforesaid liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition which is obtained by adding a material having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of -90.degree. C. or lower to a liquid crystal material base and has a T.sub.g of -82.degree. C. or lower.

Abstract: The present liquid crystal compounds are novel ester-type compounds showing a smectic liquid crystal phase and being capable of increasing a dielectric constant anisotropy, represented by the following general formula: R--X.sub.1 --Y.sub.1 --X.sub.2 --Y.sub.2 --NO.sub.2, wherein R is an alkyl group; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are the same or different from each other and are group --COO-- and --OOC--, and when X.sub.1 is group --COO--, ##STR1## The present liquid composition contains the novel compound, and the present liquid crystal display device uses the liquid crystal composition for utilizing the characteristics of the novel compound. Particularly, the present liquid crystal display device is a thermally addressed display device.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device wherein a nematic liquid crystal to which a dichroic dye and an optically active substance have been added is used as the liquid crystal layer and the amount of said optically active substance added is so selected as to fall in a range making steep the threshold voltage characteristics of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A pleochroic color display device is provided which comprises a layer of guest-host type liquid crystal sandwiched between two transparent electrodes for driving the liquid crystal, the guest-host liquid crystal containing a dichroic dye as guest material, and a color filter disposed in front or rear of the layer of the guest-host type liquid crystal. High contrast pleochroic color displays can be obtained by selecting a blackish dye as the dichroic dye. Dichroic displays other than white ones can be produced by the use of a single liquid crystal cell and a single color filter (with one color).

Abstract: A guest-host liquid crystal display device is disclosed which undergoes a focalconic-homeotropic phase transition. The device has a guest-host material layer including (a) a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy, (b) an optically active material for putting the nematic liquid crystal in a cholesteric condition, and (c) a pleochroic dye, and has an electrode means for establishing an electric field in the material layer in order that the material layer undergoes the phase transition from the cholesteric condition to the homeotropic condition. Liquid crystal molecules in contact with the surface of the electrode are oriented with their longitudinal axes perpendicular to the electrode surface, with an orientation treatment carried out in the electrode surface or by an orientation film provided on the electrode surface. Thus, the material layer assumes the focalconic condition in the absence of the electric field. A chiralnematic compound is employed as the optically active material.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition having an improved response to a pulsating driving voltage for effecting a dynamic scattering mode which comprises a predominant amount of a nematic liquid crytal having properties of the dynamic scattering mode and 0.001 to 3% by weight of an onium halide salt having a nitrogen atom as a nucleus, the composition further containing a phenolic compound for improving the solubility of the onium halide salt in the lqiuid crystal and assisting in increasing the degree of dissociation of the neutral onium halide salt to ions.