Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of electrode plates and a liquid crystal composition disposed between the electrode plates. At least one of the electrode plates comprises a light-transmissive substrate, a plurality of electrodes including principal electrodes and auxiliary electrodes supported on the light-transmissive substrate, and an insulating layer. Each auxiliary electrode is disposed between an associated principal electrode and the light-transmissive substrate so as to be electrically connected with at least a part of the associated principal electrode, and the auxiliary electrodes being disposed with spacings therebetween which are filled with the insulating layer. The liquid crystal composition comprises at least one species of a fluorine-containing mesomorphic compound comprising a fluorocarbon terminal portion and a hydrocarbon terminal portion, the terminal portions being connected with a central core, and having smectic mesophase or latent smectic mesophase.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, an exposure device includes a single-chip light emission element array formed by integrating a plurality of light emitting elements in a single chip which exposure device executes the exposure in the main scanning direction relative to the movement of the photosensitive member, by the light emission from the single-chip light emission element array, and a developing device provided around the photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electroluminescence device having a transistor substrate comprising drain electrode pads, each being connected to a drain of a thin film transistor, and capacitors connected to the respective drain electrode pads, and an electroluminescence substrate comprising pairs of electrodes and electroluminescence members each provided between a pair of electrodes, arranged along a plurality of rows and columns, wherein the thin film transistor substrate and the electroluminescence substrate are placed opposite to each other so that the drain electrode pads and the electroluminescence members are opposed to each other, and wherein each drain electrode pad and one electrode of a pair of electrodes are connected through an adhesive electric connection member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of electrode plates and a liquid crystal composition disposed between the electrode plates. One of the electrode plates comprises a light-transmissive substrate, a plurality of electrodes including principal electrodes and auxiliary electrodes supported on the light-transmissive substrate, a plurality of color filters disposed on the light-transmissive substrate and an insulating layer disposed on the color filters. Each auxiliary electrode is disposed between an associated principal electrode and the light-transmissive substrate so as to be electrically connected with at least a part of the associated principal electrode, and the auxiliary electrodes are disposed with spacings therebetween which are filled with the color filters and the insulating layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electroluminescence apparatus comprising a first unit having a simple matrix electrode structure and an electroluminescence member provided at each intersection between a scanning signal line and an information signal line; and a second unit for sequentially applying a scanning selection signal comprising a first phase and a second phase of mutually different voltage waveforms to the scanning signal line, applying a light emission inducing signal to produce a voltage over a threshold for light emission of the electroluminescence member in synchronism with one of the first phase and the second phase, to the information signal line, and applying a light emission non-inducing signal comprised of a voltage different from that of the light emission inducing signal, in synchronism with the other phase to the information signal line, thereby applying an alternating voltage to the electroluminescence member during a non-selection period of scanning.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus includes (a) a liquid crystal panel including: a pair of substrates having thereon a group of scanning electrodes and a group of data electrodes, respectively, and provided with mutually different alignment characteristics, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to form a pixel at each intersection of the scanning electrodes and the data electrodes, and (b) drive means for: sequentially applying a scanning selection signal to the scanning electrodes to select at least one scanning electrode, and applying a data signal having at least three peak values to the data electrodes in synchronism with the scanning selection signal. A DC bias voltage may be applied between the scanning electrodes and the data electrodes, and the polarity of the DC voltage may be switched for each prescribed period. The above system is suitable for obviating or suppressing the "sticking" phenomenon of a chiral smectic liquid crystal.