Abstract: Provided is an image capturing system comprising an irradiating section that sequentially irradiates an observed position with a plurality of types of irradiation light having different polarizations; a polarization filter section that includes a plurality of polarization filter units, which each include a plurality of returned polarized light filters that each pass light having a different polarization, the polarization filter section passing returned light from the observed position having each of the plurality of polarizations; and a light receiving section that receives the returned light passed by the polarization filter section having each of the plurality of polarizations.

Abstract: Provided is an unevenness detecting apparatus comprising a determining section that determines a polarization state of returned light obtained from radiated light; an uneven portion judging section that judges whether an uneven portion is present based on the polarization state determined by the determining section; a convex/concave identifying section that identifies whether the uneven portion is convex or concave based on image data, captured by an image capturing element, of the uneven portion; and an output section that outputs information identifying whether the uneven portion is convex or concave.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing apparatus comprising a recording section that records information identifying diseases in association with polarization characteristics of disease positions having a disease; an image acquiring section that acquires a polarized image captured at an observed position by an endoscope, the polarized image being captured using light having a plurality of different polarization states; a determining section that determines the disease by comparing (i) the polarization characteristic of the observed position acquired from the polarized image to (ii) the polarization characteristics recorded in the recording section; and a notification section that notifies a user with information specifying the disease determined by the determining section.

Abstract: An optical system includes a light sending section that sends light to an object having a scattering medium and a lower medium positioned below the scattering medium, where the scattering medium scatters light and the lower medium feeds back polarized light in response to light incident thereon, a light receiving section that receives (i) light that is sent from the light sending section and then scattered by the scattering medium and (ii) light from the lower medium, and a thickness calculating section that calculates a thickness of the scattering medium, by referring to at least one of a non-polarization component and a polarization component of the light received by the light receiving section.

Abstract: Provided is an image capturing apparatus comprising a plurality of first light receiving elements that are arranged on substantially the same plane and that each receive light of a first color component from a subject; a plurality of second light receiving elements that are arranged on substantially the same plane and with a higher surface density than the plurality of first light receiving elements, and that each receive light of a second color component from the subject; and a polarizing section that blocks polarized light components from the subject except for a first polarized light component so that first-polarized-light receiving elements, which are a portion of the plurality of second light receiving elements, receive the first polarized light component from the subject, the first-polarized-light receiving elements transmitting the light from the subject to be received by the plurality of first light receiving elements.

Abstract: Provided is an optical device, comprising a plurality of polarizers that are arranged along a propagation direction of incident light; a first phase element that is disposed between the plurality of polarizers and that has a phase lag axis forming a prescribed angle relative to transmission axes of the polarizers arranged along the propagation direction; and a second phase element that is disposed between the first phase element and one of the polarizers arranged along the propagation direction, and that provides the incident light with a prescribed phase difference. An angle of the phase lag axis of the second phase element is adjusted such that the optical device transmits light in a prescribed wavelength region in the incident light.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device including a plurality of polarizers that are arranged along a propagation direction of incident light, where the plurality of polarizers have transmission axes of substantially the same direction, a phaser that is provided between the plurality of polarizers, where the phaser has a retarded-phase axis forming a predetermined angle with the transmission axes of the plurality of polarizers, and a phase modulator that is provided adjacent to the phaser along the propagation direction, where the phase modulator has a retarded-phase axis of substantially the same direction as the retarded-phase axis of the phaser. Here, a phase difference generated in the incident light by the phase modulator is temporally adjusted such that the optical device transmits light in different wavelength ranges at different timings.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes a lens system including a plurality of regions on a pupil plane that each have different focal distances, a plurality of first polarizing elements that respectively transmit differently polarized light and respectively transmit light passing through the plurality of regions, a plurality of second polarizing elements that respectively transmit polarized light transmitted through the plurality of first polarizing elements, and a plurality of light receiving elements that respectively receive light transmitted through the plurality of second polarizing elements.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device including a plurality of first phasors having substantially the same phase delaying axis as each other; and a plurality of second phasors having substantially the same phase delaying axis as each other in a direction different from that of the first phasors and providing a phase difference substantially the same as that provided by the first phasors, in which the plurality of first phasors and the plurality of second phasors are arranged on substantially the same face, a density of the first phasors is substantially the same as a density of the second phasors, and a spatial distribution of the density of the first phasors and a spatial distribution of the density of the second phasors are substantially uniform.

Abstract: An image capturing system includes an image capturing section that includes a plurality of light receiving elements configured to receive light in a first wavelength range and light in a second wavelength range, a control section that controls the light in the second wavelength range to be received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements more frequently than the light in the first wavelength range, where the light in the second wavelength range has a lower spectral intensity than the light in the first wavelength range, and an image generating section that generates an image by using the light in the first wavelength range received by the plurality of light receiving elements at a given timing and the light in the second wavelength range received by the plurality of light receiving elements at a different timing.

Abstract: Provided is a position identifying system with a simple configuration that can identify a position of an object inside a body. The position identifying system identifies a position of an object existing inside a body. The position identifying system includes a vibrating section that vibrates each of a plurality of different positions inside the body at a different timing; an image capturing section that captures a frame image of the object at each of the different timings; and a position identifying section that identifies the position of the object based on a blur amount of an image of the object in each frame image captured by the image capturing section.

Abstract: Provided is an image capturing system comprising an image capturing device. The image capturing device includes a plurality of first light receiving elements that receive light in a first wavelength region and a plurality of second light receiving elements that receive light in a wavelength region having a penetration depth in relation to a subject that is less than the penetration depth of light in the first wavelength region. The number of second light receiving elements is greater than the number of first light receiving elements. The ratio of the number of second light receiving elements to the number of first light receiving elements may be set according to a ratio of the penetration depth of light in the first wavelength region to the penetration depth of light in a second wavelength region, which is the light in the wavelength region received by the second light receiving elements.

Abstract: Provided is an image capturing system including an image capturing section that includes a plurality of first light receiving elements for receiving light of a first wavelength region and a plurality of second light receiving elements for receiving light of a second wavelength region, a control section that causes to be generated, from a subject, light of a different spectrum at a different timing for each of the first wavelength region and the second wavelength region, and an image generating section that generates an image from light of a first spectrum from the subject received by the first light receiving elements at a predetermined timing, and light of a second spectrum from the subject received by the second light receiving elements at a timing other than the predetermined timing.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing system including: a specific wavelength image obtaining section that obtains a specific wavelength image being an image of light from an object existing inside a substance, the light belonging to a specific wavelength region; a depth calculator that calculates a depth of the object from a surface of the substance, using a plurality of specific wavelength images corresponding to different specific wavelength regions from each other; and an object image generator that generates an image of the object according to the depth of the object calculated by the depth calculator.

Abstract: A check sheet includes: a reagent container that contains a reagent that changes color by being brought into contact with a target element generated from skin; and a plurality of filters provided in different positions from each other at the opposite side to the side of the reagent container to be attached to the skin along the reagent container, and emitting light in wavelength regions different from each other. A check sheet includes: a reagent container that contains a reagent that changes color by being brought into contact with a target element generated from skin; and a filter provided at the opposite side to the side of the reagent container to be attached to the skin, and transmitting light in a part of a wavelength region detectable by a light detector detecting a color of the reagent.

Abstract: A test sheet to be adhered to an object at the point of use is disclosed. The test sheet includes: a substrate film including an adhesive layer on one side thereof; a reagent layer disposed on the substrate film on the same side as the adhesive layer, the reagent layer including a reagent, the reagent changing the color thereof depending on an amount of substance evaporating from a surface of the object; a first correction chart disposed on the substrate film on the side opposite from the adhesive layer, the first correction chart being used for correcting color of an image obtained by photographing the object with the test sheet adhered thereto; and a second correction chart used for correcting lightness of the image.

Abstract: The image processing method and apparatus perform data conversion so as to adapt a color image input from image input means to a predetermined output medium when the color image is to be output as a hardcopy by image output means to the predetermined output medium. The method and apparatus use data of a brightest point in the image output means for a chromatic color part of input image data while using data of a chromaticity point allowing achievement of a preferred whiteness in the image output means, for an achromatic color part of the input image data, and thereby perform the data conversion on the input image data The program executes the image processing method.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus records an image on a photosensitive material by controlling a light emission amount from a plurality of light emission elements that each emit light in accordance with a supplied light emission control signal. The apparatus has a control signal generation unit and a first and second signal generation sections and a signal switching section. The control signal generation unit generates a first light amount control signal from a density modulation. The second signal generation section generates an ON/OFF control signal and a second light amount control signal as a pair of signals from a combination of a density modulation and an area modulation. The signal switching section generates a light emission control signal by performing signal switching between the first light amount control signal and the pair of the signals. The exposure by the light emission is overlaid.

Abstract: A light-scattering film is provided and includes a transparent support having thereon at least a light-scattering layer. When substantially parallel light is incident on a surface of the film at an incident angle of 5°, the reflectance for an angle ? in the light-receiving part measured in a plane containing the film normal line and the incident direction is R(?), the value obtained by normalizing R(?) by the reflectance of regular reflection is Rrel(?), and the value calculated from the maximum variation |dRrel(?)/d?|max for the angle ? is a scattering coefficient A (formula 1), the reflection coefficient B (formula 2) calculated from the scattering coefficient A and the 5° specular reflectance Rs is from 2.0 to 5.0. Scattering coefficient A=1/(10×|dRrel(?)/d?|max)??(Formula 1) Reflection coefficient B=2.2×log 10(Rs)?7.5×log 10(A)+5.

Abstract: The discriminating method utilizes first to third sensors respectively having spectral sensitivities corresponding to three primary colors and a fourth sensor having a spectral sensitivity that does not overlap the spectral sensitivities corresponding to the three primary colors as sensors constituting an image pickup system, and discriminates a light source type of a photographic light source by using information obtained by the first to fourth sensors. The image forming method corrects image data of an input image using the light source type discriminated by the above light source type discriminating method.