Abstract: A printed wiring board includes a first insulating layer, a conductor layer, and a second insulating layer. The conductor layer includes first and second circuits such that space is formed between the circuits, the first circuit has first and second side walls, the second circuit has third and fourth side walls such that the second wall faces the third wall, the first circuit has first, second and third portions, the second circuit has fourth, fifth and sixth portions such that the first and fourth portions, the second and fifth portions and the third and sixth portions face each other, the first circuit is formed such that the second wall of the second portion is recessed from the second wall of the first and third portions, and the first insulating layer has recess between the second and fifth portions such that the second insulating layer is filling the space and recess.

Abstract: A heat circuit may include a controller configured to execute a first process and then a defrosting operation. The first process may be a process to execute a first air-heating operation and a heat storage operation simultaneously. The second process may be a process to execute a defrosting operation. The controller may be configured, in the first air-heating operation, to cause the radiator to heat a radiator passage and cause the air-heating apparatus to heat air using heat of a air-heating passage while circulating the heat medium in the radiator passage and the air-heating passage. The controller may be configured, in the heat storage operation, to circulate the heat medium in an electrical apparatus passage and a bypass passage. The controller may be configured, in the defrosting operation, to circulate the heat medium in the electrical apparatus passage and the radiator passage.

Abstract: A heat management device may include: a first heat circuit; a second heat circuit; a heat exchanger configured to cool the first heat circuit and heat the second heat circuit; air-heating apparatus configured to heat air using the second heat circuit; a battery and electrical apparatus configured to be cooled by the first heat circuit; and a radiator configured to exchange heat between the first heat circuit and outside air. A controller may be configured, in the second process, to cause the heat exchanger to cool the heat exchanger passage while a heat medium circulates in the heat exchanger passage and the battery passage and bypasses the radiator passage. The controller may be configured, in the third process, to cause the radiator to cool the heat medium while the heat medium circulates in the radiator passage and the electrical apparatus passage and bypasses the heat exchanger passage.

Abstract: A heat management device may include: a first heat circuit; a second heat circuit; a heat exchanger configured to cool the first heat circuit and heat the second heat circuit; air-heating apparatus configured to heat air using the second heat circuit; a battery and electrical apparatus configured to be cooled by the first heat circuit; and a radiator configured to exchange heat between the first heat circuit and outside air. A controller may be configured, in the second process, to cause the heat exchanger to cool the heat exchanger passage while a heat medium circulates in the heat exchanger passage and the battery passage and bypasses the radiator passage. The controller may be configured, in the third process, to cause the radiator to cool the heat medium while the heat medium circulates in the radiator passage and the electrical apparatus passage and bypasses the heat exchanger passage.

Abstract: A heat circuit may include a controller configured to execute a first process and then a defrosting operation. The first process may be a process to execute a first air-heating operation and a heat storage operation simultaneously. The second process may be a process to execute a defrosting operation. The controller may be configured, in the first air-heating operation, to cause the radiator to heat a radiator passage and cause the air-heating apparatus to heat air using heat of a air-heating passage while circulating the heat medium in the radiator passage and the air-heating passage. The controller may be configured, in the heat storage operation, to circulate the heat medium in an electrical apparatus passage and a bypass passage. The controller may be configured, in the defrosting operation, to circulate the heat medium in the electrical apparatus passage and the radiator passage.

Abstract: The exposure dose of a subject by X-ray CT examination is reduced. In order to do so, a tomography apparatus has been made to include: a ?-ray generation source configured to irradiate a measurement target with ?-rays; a measurement unit configured to measure information relating to transmittance of a ?-ray that has passed through the measurement target; and a substance density distribution calculation unit configured to calculate a substance density distribution of the measurement target based on the information relating to the transmittance of the ?-ray measured by the measurement unit. In another embodiment, it is desirable to use a detector that combines ?-rays with a scintillator and optical fibers.

Abstract: A printed wiring board includes a core substrate having first and second surfaces, a first conductor formed on the first surface of the substrate, a second conductor formed on the second surface of the substrate, a first through-hole conductor formed through the substrate and connecting the first and second conductors, and a second through-hole conductor formed through the substrate and connecting the first and second conductors. The second through-hole conductor has a diameter which is greater than a diameter of the first through-hole conductor, the first through-hole conductor has a roughened inner wall forming an interior space, the second through-hole conductor has a roughened inner wall forming an interior space, and the roughened inner wall of the first through-hole conductor has an arithmetic average roughness which is set lower than an arithmetic average roughness of the roughened inner wall of the second through-hole conductor.

Abstract: An electrophoresis device includes a translucent first substrate having a first electrode on one surface thereof; a second substrate having a second electrode on one surface thereof, and disposed to face the first substrate such that a protruding portion which does not overlap the first substrate in a substrate thickness direction is ensured at one side of the second substrate; a wiring pattern electrically connected to the second electrode via a connector passing through the second substrate, and provided on the other surface of the second substrate such that it extends to the protruding portion of the second substrate; an electrophoretic layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a translucent first moistureproof film having a portion contacting the other surface of the first substrate and a surplus portion disposed around the portion; and a second moistureproof film having a portion contacting the other surface of the second substrate and a surplus portion disposed around the po

Abstract: A printed wiring board includes a core substrate having first and second surfaces, a first conductor formed on the first surface of the substrate, a second conductor formed on the second surface of the substrate, a first through-hole conductor formed through the substrate and connecting the first and second conductors, and a second through-hole conductor formed through the substrate and connecting the first and second conductors. The second through-hole conductor has a diameter which is greater than a diameter of the first through-hole conductor, the first through-hole conductor has a roughened inner wall forming an interior space, the second through-hole conductor has a roughened inner wall forming an interior space, and the roughened inner wall of the first through-hole conductor has an arithmetic average roughness which is set lower than an arithmetic average roughness of the roughened inner wall of the second through-hole conductor.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes M×N numbers (M, and N are integers more than two) of pixels. The M×N numbers of pixels include M numbers of pixel groups having N numbers of pixels. Further, an image on the electrophoretic display device is displayed by making some of the M×N numbers of pixels switched at least from a bright display to a dark display, and vice versa. A period for displaying one piece of an image on the electrophoretic display is defined as period for forming an image and a period for introducing an image signal to each of the M×N numbers of pixels with sequentially selecting each of the pixels is defined as a frame period. Then, the time for forming an image includes a plurality of frame periods (a numbers of L: L is integers more than two.

Abstract: A driving method for driving an electrophoretic device that includes a display region including a plurality of electrophoretic elements each including a dispersed system that includes electrophoretic particles and that is disposed between a common electrode and a pixel electrode, a driver that drives the electrophoretic elements by applying voltages to the electrophoretic elements, and a controller that controls the driver, wherein two or more units of display rewritten at different rewrite intervals are provided in the display region includes controlling, by the controller, the driver to apply a higher voltage to an electrophoretic element included in a unit of display having a longer rewrite interval when an image is rewritten.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a plurality of first electrodes, a second electrode facing the plurality of first electrodes, and a plurality of microcapsules. Each of the plurality of first electrodes corresponds to one of a color. The plurality of microcapsules have a dispersion media and a plurality of particles sealed therein and are disposed between the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode. A microcapsule of the plurality of microcapsules providing one of the colors is arranged on the first electrode that corresponds to the one of the colors.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes M×N numbers (M, and N are integers more than two) of pixels. The M×N numbers of pixels include M numbers of pixel groups having N numbers of pixels. Further, an image on the electrophoretic display device is displayed by making some of the M×N numbers of pixels switched at least from a bright display to a dark display, and vice versa. A period for displaying one piece of an image on the electrophoretic display is defined as period for forming an image and a period for introducing an image signal to each of the M×N numbers of pixels with sequentially selecting each of the pixels is defined as a frame period. Then, the time for forming an image includes a plurality of frame periods (a numbers of L: L is integers more than two.

Abstract: An electrophoresis device includes a first substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on a surface thereof, a second substrate having a common electrode formed on a surface thereof and disposed to face the pixel electrodes, and an electrophoretic layer disposed between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode. The electrophoresis device makes electrophoretic particles migrate by keeping the potential of each pixel electrode constant and changing a voltage to be applied to the common electrode. The device also includes a voltage control means which supplies a voltage whose minimum voltage is not less than V3 and whose maximum voltage are not more than V4 to the common electrode, in a case where a potential which appears in each pixel electrode when a minimum voltage V1 is supplied to a voltage supply means to each pixel electrode is set to V3 and a potential which appears in each pixel electrode when a maximum voltage V2 is supplied to the voltage supply means is set to V4.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes M×N numbers (M, and N are integers more than two) of pixels. The M×N numbers of pixels include M numbers of pixel groups having N numbers of pixels. Further, an image on the electrophoretic display device is displayed by making some of the M×N numbers of pixels switched at least from a bright display to a dark display, and vice versa. A period for displaying one piece of an image on the electrophoretic display is defined as period for forming an image and a period for introducing an image signal to each of the M×N numbers of pixels with sequentially selecting each of the pixels is defined as a frame period. Then, the time for forming an image includes a plurality of frame periods (a numbers of L: L is integers more than two.

Abstract: An IC card includes a capacitance type fingerprint sensor, a display device, and a control unit. The display device displays an encrypted image that is readable by an external device. The control unit controls the capacitance type fingerprint sensor and the display device. The control unit erases the encrypted image that is displayed by the display device.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a microcapsule composition for electrophoretic displays; a production process for the microcapsule composition for the electrophoretic displays; a production process for a sheet for the electrophoretic displays; and a handling method for microcapsules for the electrophoretic displays; wherein the microcapsule composition contains microcapsules and, when used for the electrophoretic displays, can make them as excellent as conventional in various performances (e.g. longtime stability of displaying, respondability of displaying, contrast, and number of times of display rewritability) and, particularly above all, can make the electrophoretic displays exhibit a very high performance as to the contrast.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a microcapsule composition for electrophoretic displays; a production process for the microcapsule composition for the electrophoretic displays; a production process for a sheet for the electrophoretic displays; and a handling method for microcapsules for the electrophoretic displays; wherein the microcapsule composition contains microcapsules and, when used for the electrophoretic displays, can make them as excellent as conventional in various performances (e.g. longtime stability of displaying, respondability of displaying, contrast, and number of times of display rewritability) and, particularly above all, can make the electrophoretic displays exhibit a very high performance as to the contrast.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes M×N numbers (M, and N are integers more than two) of pixels. The M×N numbers of pixels include M numbers of pixel groups having N numbers of pixels. Further, an image on the electrophoretic display device is displayed by making some of the M×N numbers of pixels switched at least from a bright display to a dark display, and vice versa. A period for displaying one piece of an image on the electrophoretic display is defined as period for forming an image and a period for introducing an image signal to each of the M×N numbers of pixels with sequentially selecting each of the pixels is defined as a frame period. Then, the time for forming an image includes a plurality of frame periods (a numbers of L: L is integers more than two.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes M×N numbers (M, and N are integers more than two) of pixels. The M×N numbers of pixels include M numbers of pixel groups having N numbers of pixels. Further, an image on the electrophoretic display device is displayed by making some of the M×N numbers of pixels switched at least from a bright display to a dark display, and vice versa. A period for displaying one piece of an image on the electrophoretic display is defined as period for forming an image and a period for introducing an image signal to each of the M×N numbers of pixels with sequentially selecting each of the pixels is defined as a frame period. Then, the time for forming an image includes a plurality of frame periods (a numbers of L: L is integers more than two).