Abstract: In order to form an electrophoretic layer containing microcapsules at a desired region readily and accurately, a region having lyophobicity or lyophilicity is formed on a member, and a microcapsule dispersion is then applied onto the member.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophoretic device which comprises an electrophoretic layer containing dispersion medium and electrophoretic particles dispersed in the dispersion medium, controls the position of the electrophoretic particles according to the electric potential applied to electrodes, and can maintain the electrophoretic particles at a desired position for a long time by using the dispersion medium formed of mixture consisting of a plurality of substances having small mutual solubility.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device including a display region including a plurality of pixels, each having an electrophoretic dispersion layer, a capacitive element for storing charge for maintaining the electrical polarization of the electrophoresis dispersion, and an organic transistor for causing the capacitive element to store charge when turned on, wherein the electrophoretic dispersion layer has a electrophoresis dispersion. A driver region for optionally choosing pixels in the display region to turn on the transistors of the pixels is provided around the display region of the electrophoretic device. An electronic sheet is achieved by transmitting external signals to the driver region to freely change display contents on the display region.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device is composed of a pair of electrodes that are arranged opposite to each other with a prescribed space therebetween, which contains an electrophoretic dispersion liquid containing electrophoretic particles which are dispersed in a liquid phase dispersion medium. At least one ferroelectric substance layer is arranged at a prescribed position within the space between the electrodes, and at least one of the electrodes is made of a transparent material. Applying a drive voltage between the electrodes, the electrophoretic particles are deposited on one electrode while ions of reverse polarity move towards another electrode, thus establishing the polarized state of the electrophoretic dispersion liquid, which is maintained for a long time due to the residual polarization characteristics of the ferroelectric substance layer.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device comprised of a microcapsule layer formed on a transparent electrode and coated on its surface with a transparent resin layer effectively preventing a reduction in the display quality, which electrophoretic display device is provided with a substrate layer 11, a conductive film formed on the substrate layer 12, a microcapsule layer 17 having a plurality of microcapsules 16 containing a liquid dispersion medium and electrophoretic particles, and a urethane resin layer 18 formed on the microcapsule layer.

Abstract: Copper through-hole printed wiring boards are produced by forming an etching resist layer on the copper plating of a double sided copper clad laminate. The etching resist layer is formed after a negative resist pattern is applied to both sides of the laminate, and the laminate then dipped in a solution containing at least one salt of 2-alkylbenzimidazoles, 2-alkylalkylbenzimidazoles, 2-phenyl-benzimidazoles and 2-phenylalkylbenzimidazoles. After the resulting etching resist layer is selectively removed with an alkaline aqueous solution, in accordance with the predetermined pattern of the wiring, the exposed copper plating is etched off with an alkali etchant. According to the process of the present invention, remarkable advantages such as increased productivity, lower production costs, reduced toxic substances in waste water, and a high reliability can be obtained in the production of copper through-hole printed wiring boards.