Abstract: A silicon carbide wafer manufacturing apparatus includes a mounting unit disposed in a reaction chamber. The mounting unit includes a susceptor portion having a mounting surface on which a rear surface of a seed substrate is to be mounted, and a guide portion disposed on the susceptor portion in a state of surrounding the seed substrate. The mounting unit is configured such that a first interval between the seed substrate and the guide portion on an upstream side in a step-flow growth direction is narrower than a second interval between the seed substrate and the guide portion on a downstream side in the step-flow growth direction when an epitaxial layer is grown. The guide portion is configured such that a temperature of the guide portion is lower than a temperature of the seed substrate when the epitaxial layer is grown.

Abstract: The management device of an autonomous driving vehicle includes a congestion rate calculation unit and a waiting place setting unit. The congestion rate calculation unit is able to calculate the congestion rate of a parking lot adjoining each of a plurality of commercial facilities. In a case where the congestion rate of a neighbor parking lot, or a parking lot in the neighborhood of a boarding place contained in reservation information for an autonomous driving vehicle reserved for dispatch, during a waiting time period before the scheduled boarding time, is less than a congestion threshold, the waiting place setting unit sets the neighbor parking lot as a waiting place for the autonomous driving vehicle to wait during the waiting time period.

Abstract: A video provision apparatus (10) includes a specification unit (11) for acquiring a racer ID for identifying a racer specified by a user from among racers that participate in a race, a video collection unit (12) for collecting videos of the race captured in the same time section from a plurality of cameras, a generation unit (15) for generating, based on the racer ID specified by the user, a user-specific video from the videos collected from the plurality of cameras, and an output control unit (16) for causing a user terminal used by the user to output the user-specific video.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle allows passengers to transfer from a passenger vehicle, which is a relatively large vehicle, to the autonomous vehicle. The autonomous vehicle is provided with an autonomous travel control unit (steering control unit) configured to, when the passenger vehicle is stopped, cause the autonomous vehicle to pull up alongside the passenger vehicle such that an entrance (second entrance) of the autonomous vehicle is placed next to an entrance (first entrance) of the passenger vehicle.

Abstract: An optical element formed from a transparent optical material includes two refraction surfaces, a first reflection surface group having a plurality of internal reflection surfaces arrayed in a predetermined direction, a second reflection surface group opposing the first reflection surface group and having at least one internal reflection surface and two side surfaces opposing each other in parallel to the predetermined direction. Light incident from one of the refraction surfaces is alternately reflected by the internal reflection surfaces of the first reflection surface group and the internal reflection surface of the second reflection surface group and guided to the other refraction surface.

Abstract: In order to detect the amplitude and phase of object light with a high SNR, an image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup unit having semiconductor photodetection elements arrayed two-dimensionally, a light-emitting element unit for emitting reference light having a predetermined frequency difference with respect to the frequency of light incident on the image pickup unit, and a wave synthesizer for synthesizing the incident light with the reference light from the light-emitting element unit and guiding the resultant light to the image pickup unit.

Abstract: A display apparatus is constituted by a planar display device and a planar illumination device therefor. A lowering in light quantity at a periphery of the planar illumination device is prevented by inserting a reflection member, such as a reflection frame, having an inside reflection surface along the periphery of the illumination device, or a combination of a scattering means and a transparent sheet member between the display device and the illumination device. A plurality of the display apparatus may be combined to allow an associate movement thereof so as to constitute a composite display apparatus, such as a head-mount display.

Abstract: An optical element includes a base member formed of a material transmitting a light of a predetermined wavelength therethrough and an optical acting surface provided on the base member. The optical acting surface has a plurality of micro structures smaller than the predetermined wavelength for creating potential confining one of an electron and a dipole moment therein, and desired optical action utilizing the light of the predetermined wavelength discharged by the vibration of the electron or the dipole moment confined in the potential formed by the micro structures.

Abstract: An optical element formed from a transparent optical material includes two refraction surfaces, a first reflection surface group having a plurality of internal reflection surfaces arrayed in a predetermined direction, a second reflection surface group opposing the first reflection surface group and having at least one internal reflection surface and two side surfaces opposing each other in parallel to the predetermined direction. Light incident from one of the refraction surfaces is alternately reflected by the internal reflection surfaces of the first reflection surface group and the internal reflection surface of the second reflection surface group and guided to the other refraction surface.

Abstract: A display apparatus is constituted by a planar display device and a planar illumination device therefor. A lowering in light quantity at a periphery of the planar illumination device is prevented by inserting a reflection member, such as a reflection frame, having an inside reflection surface along the periphery of the illumination device, or a combination of a scattering means and a transparent sheet member between the display device and the illumination device. A plurality of the display apparatus may be combined to allow an associate movement thereof so as to constitute a composite display apparatus, such as a head-mount display.

Abstract: An optical element formed from a transparent optical material includes two refraction surfaces, a first reflection surface group having a plurality of internal reflection surfaces arrayed in a predetermined direction, a second reflection surface group opposing said first reflection surface group and having at least one internal reflection surface and two side surfaces opposing each other in parallel to the predetermined direction. Light incident from one of the refraction surface is alternately reflected by the internal reflection surfaces of the first reflection surface group and the internal reflection surface of the second reflection surface group and guided to the other refraction surface.

Abstract: An optical element formed from a transparent optical material includes two refraction surfaces, a first reflection surface group having a plurality of internal reflection surfaces arrayed in a predetermined direction, a second reflection surface group opposing said first reflection surface group and having at least one internal reflection surface and two side surfaces opposing each other in parallel to the predetermined direction. Light incident from one of the refraction surface is alternately reflected by the internal reflection surfaces of the first reflection surface group and the internal reflection surface of the second reflection surface group and-guided to the other refraction surface.

Abstract: An optical element of a transparent body has two refracting surfaces formed in surfaces of the transparent body, and a plurality of reflecting surfaces formed in surfaces of the transparent body. Light incident through one refracting surface into the transparent body is reflected successively by the plurality of reflecting surfaces to be guided to the other refracting surface. At least one of the two refracting surfaces and reflecting surfaces has an optical low pass filter.

Abstract: Convergence angle information and image information of video cameras is transmitted from a multi-eye image-taking apparatus having two video cameras through a recording medium to a displaying apparatus. A convergence angle of display units in the displaying apparatus is controlled in accordance with the convergence angle information of the video cameras, permitting an observer to observe natural images. Since the convergence angle information is made ahead of the image information, the convergence angle of the display units can be changed with a natural feeling.

Abstract: An optical element of a transparent body has two refracting surfaces formed in surfaces of the transparent body, and a plurality of reflecting surfaces formed in surfaces of the transparent body. Light incident through one refracting surface into the transparent body is reflected successively by the plurality of reflecting surfaces to be guided to the other refracting surface. At least one of the two refracting surfaces and reflecting surfaces has an optical low pass filter.

Abstract: A near-field optical microscope comprising an optical probe which is arranged in opposition to a sample and irradiates the sample with an evanescent wave, a plurality of photodetectors which detect respective components of light scattered in different directions, among components of the scattered light generated by scattering of the evanescent wave by the sample, and a processor which analyzes characteristics of the sample on the basis of respective detection signals of the plurality of photodetectors.

Abstract: In order to detect the amplitude and phase of object light with a high SNR, an image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup unit having semiconductor photodetection elements arrayed two-dimensionally, a light-emitting element unit for emitting reference light having a predetermined frequency difference with respect to the frequency of light incident on the image pickup unit, and a wave synthesizer for synthesizing the incident light with the reference light from the light-emitting element unit and guiding the resultant light to the image pickup unit.

Abstract: A display apparatus is constituted by a planar display device and a planar illumination device therefor. A lowering in light quantity at a periphery of the planar illumination device is prevented by inserting a reflection member, such as a reflection frame, having an inside reflection surface along the periphery of the illumination device, or a combination of a scattering means and a transparent sheet member between the display device and the illumination device. A plurality of the display apparatus may be combined to allow an associate movement thereof so as to constitute a composite display apparatus, such as a head-mount display.

Abstract: An optical system includes an optical element having a plurality of reflective surfaces integrally formed, at least one reflective surface out of the plurality of reflective surfaces of the optical element being a curved surface a normal to which at an intersecting point with a reference axis does not coincide with the reference axis, an image pickup element to which light successively reflected by the plurality of reflective surfaces is incident, and an optical member for making at least part of the light that ought to enter the image pickup element, travel in an optical path different from an optical path toward the image pickup element. The light made to travel in the different optical path by the optical member is utilized for a purpose other than image pickup by said image pickup element.

Abstract: An optical element integrally has an optically acting surface, which is a rotationally asymmetric, aspherical surface, and a monitor surface for evaluation of whether the optical element is defective or not. The monitor surface is provided in a portion effecting no optical action, except for the optically acting surface.