Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide, for translation in a cell-free translation system, a novel translation system capable of synthesizing a peptide having therein consecutive non-proteinogenic amino acids. The present invention provides a tRNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and encoding a non-proteinogenic amino acid.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image forming device and a visualizing device. The latent image forming device forms a latent image with an adhesive on a base material. The visualizing device causes particles to adhere to the latent image to visualize the latent image as an uneven image. The particles each contains an insoluble substance.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image forming device and a visualizing device. The latent image forming device forms a latent image with an adhesive on a base material. The visualizing device causes particles to adhere to the latent image to visualize the latent image as an uneven image. The particles each contains an insoluble substance.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image, which contains: resin particles (C), wherein the resin particles (C) each contain a resin particle (B) and resin particles (A) or a coating film (P) deposited on a surface of the resin particle (B), where the resin particle (B) contains a second resin (b) and a filler (f), wherein the resin particles (A) or the coating film (P) contains a first resin (a), wherein the second resin (b) contains a crystalline resin, and wherein the resin particle (B) contains the filler (f) in an amount of 15% by mass or greater.

Abstract: A toner, including: a binder resin; releasing agent-encapsulating capsules; and a colorant, wherein the releasing agent-encapsulating capsules each include: a capsule formed of a resin (I) which is different from the binder resin; and a releasing agent (RA) which is encapsulated in the capsule, and the releasing agent-encapsulating capsules exist in the binder resin, and wherein 50% to 100% of the releasing agent-encapsulating capsules exist in a region from a surface of the toner to a depth of 0.10 times a volume-average particle diameter of the toner.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image, which contains: resin particles (C), wherein the resin particles (C) each contain a resin particle (B) and resin particles (A) or a coating film (P) deposited on a surface of the resin particle (B), where the resin particle (B) contains a second resin (b) and a filler (f), wherein the resin particles (A) or the coating film (P) contains a first resin (a), wherein the second resin (b) contains a crystalline resin, and wherein the resin particle (B) contains the filler (f) in an amount of 15% by mass or greater.

Abstract: An image developing device includes a developer supporting body; a first conveyance path in which a first conveyance member is arranged; a second conveyance path in which a second conveyance member is arranged; and a partition member that partitions the first conveyance path and the second conveyance path and that has a first communication port and a second communication port. The first communication path and the second communication path communicates with each other through the first communication port and the second communication port. The image developing device includes a developer amount detection unit that includes an optical detection unit arranged in the second conveyance path and that optically detects an amount of the developer in the image forming device. The developer is caused to accumulate in the vicinity of the developer amount detection unit.

Abstract: A toner, including: a binder resin; releasing agent-encapsulating capsules; and a colorant, wherein the releasing agent-encapsulating capsules each include: a capsule formed of a resin (I) which is different from the binder resin; and a releasing agent (RA) which is encapsulated in the capsule, and the releasing agent-encapsulating capsules exist in the binder resin, and wherein 50% to 100% of the releasing agent-encapsulating capsules exist in a region from a surface of the toner to a depth of 0.10 times a volume-average particle diameter of the toner.

Abstract: An image developing device includes a developer supporting body; a first conveyance path in which a first conveyance member is arranged; a second conveyance path in which a second conveyance member is arranged; and a partition member that partitions the first conveyance path and the second conveyance path and that has a first communication port and a second communication port. The first communication path and the second communication path communicates with each other through the first communication port and the second communication port. The image developing device includes a developer amount detection unit that includes an optical detection unit arranged in the second conveyance path and that optically detects an amount of the developer in the image forming device. The developer is caused to accumulate in the vicinity of the developer amount detection unit.

Abstract: A non-magnetic toner, including a binder resin; a wax present dispersing in the toner in the shape of a particle; and a colorant, wherein the wax having a particle diameter not less than 2.0 ?m and less than 3.0 ?m is not less than 20% and less than 40% by number based on total number thereof; the wax has a mode value not less than 1.5 ?m and less than 2.0 ?m in a frequency distribution of 0.1 ?m width; and the following relationship is satisfied: 45<XZ/Y<62 wherein X represents a softening point (° C.) of the toner; Y represents a volume-average particle diameter (?m) of the toner; and Z represents a total parts by weight of the wax included in 100 parts by weight of the toner.

Abstract: An image forming method, including charging the surface of an electrostatic latent image bearer by a charger; irradiating the surface of the electrostatic latent image bearer to form an electrostatic latent image thereon; developing the same with a toner to form a toner image; transferring the toner image onto a recording medium; and fixing the toner image thereon, wherein the charger is a charging roller contacting the electrostatic latent image bearer to charge the same, having a ten-point surface roughness of 5 to 30, and the toner includes a binder resin, a colorant, a release agent and an external additive including a composite oxide including titanium oxide in an amount of 80 to 95% by weight and silicon oxide, having a core-shell structure formed of a core including the titanium oxide and a shell including the silicon oxide and has a BET specific surface area of 50 to 100 m2/g.

Abstract: A developing device including a developing roller facing an image bearing member and a toner layer thickness control member to control an amount of a toner adhered to the developing roller, so that an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member is developed with the toner to form a toner image. The following relationships are satisfied: 0.08×100.3×Dv<Ra<0.18×100.3×Dv, 2.0<(Ra/RSm)×100<4.0, and 8<Rz<15, where Dv (?m) is a volume average particle diameter of the toner, Ra (?m) is an arithmetical mean roughness of the developing roller in a longitudinal direction, Rz (?m) is a ten-point mean roughness of the developing roller in a longitudinal direction, and RSm (?m) is a mean length of roughness curve elements of the developing roller.

Abstract: An image developer using a one-component developer, Including a developing roller visualizing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearer with a pulverized toner; and a feed roller feeding the pulverized toner to the developing roller while contacting thereto, wherein the pulverized toner includes a parent toner; a wax; and an external additive comprising an additive having a number-average particle diameter of from 20 to 60 nm and adhering to the surface of the parent toner at an adherence strength of from 50 to 70%, and wherein the following relationships (1) to (3) are satisfied: 4.70<Log10 R<5.70??(1) 8.00<Log10 Z<10.70??(2) ?6.25*Log10 R+37.5<Log10 Z<?6.25*Log10 R+45.6??(3) wherein R represents a resistivity of the developing roller and Z represents an impedance of the pulverized toner.

Abstract: A toner useful for an oilless fixing method, includes a binder resin; a colorant; and 2.0 to 4.5% by weight of a wax which is soluble in n-hexane, based on a total weight of the toner, wherein the wax is dispersed in the toner, the wax forming wax domain particles (DA) comprising wax domain particles (DS) exposed at a surface of the toner and wax domain particles (DI) encapsulated in the toner and not exposed at the surface of the toner, wherein a weight of the DS is greater than a weight of the DI, wherein the toner from which the DS have been eluted with n-hexane comprises vestigial concavities having an area of 0.01 ??m2 or more on the surface of the toner in an amount of from 1 to 7 pcs/4 ?m2, and wherein 60% or more by number of the DA having a particle diameter of 200 nm or more have a spindle or cylindrical shape having an aspect ratio of 4 or more.

Abstract: A full-color toner kit including yellow, magenta, and cyan toners each including a benzimidazolone, a naphthol, and a copper phthalocyanine colorants, respectively, and resins (A) and (B) each of which having a polyester skeleton and containing a wax, and a resin (C) having a polyester skeleton and containing no wax. Each of the toners has a softening point of from 125° C. to 135° C. The following relationships are satisfied: Ts(A)<Ts(B), Ay+5?Am?Ay+15, and Ac+5?Am?Ac+15, wherein Ts(A) and Ts(B) (° C.) each represent softening points of the resin (A) and (B), respectively, and Ay, Am, and Ac each represent ratios (% by weight) of the amount of the resin (A) to total amount of the resins (A) and (B) in the yellow, magenta, cyan toners, respectively.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles including a resin, a colorant, a wax, and a charge controlling agent, and an external additive, wherein the toner satisfies the relationships (1) 0.15×Q?2?T?0.15×Q?0.15, and (2) 1.0?T?2.5, wherein Q represents the charge of the toner in units of ?C/g, and T represents the torque of the toner in units of mN·m determined by a method using a cone-shaped rotor while controlling a space ratio of the toner at 58%. A developer including the toner and a carrier. An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a transfer device, a fixing device and a double side image forming unit, and using the toner, wherein the receiving material includes moisture in an amount of not greater than 5% by weight after the toner image on the first side is fixed.

Abstract: A developing device including a developer bearing member configured to feed a developer to an image bearing member; a developer supplying member, which is contacted with the developer bearing member at a first nip while opposed thereto and which is configured to supply the developer to the developer bearing member; and a developer layer forming member, which is contacted with the developer bearing member at a second nip located on the downstream side from the first nip relative to the rotation direction of the developer bearing member to form the layer of the developer on the developer bearing member, wherein the developer is a nonmagnetic one component developer, and the distance between the front edge of the second nip and the rear edge of the first nip relative to the rotation direction of the image bearing member is greater than 0.8 mm and less than 2.0 mm.

Abstract: A single component development device including a toner including a resin, a coloring agent, a wax, a charge control agent and an inorganic particulate, a development roller to bear the toner on the surface of the development roller and transfer the toner to an image bearing member and a thin layer forming member to regulate a thickness of the layer of the toner while in contact with the surface of the development roller via the toner borne thereon, wherein a regulating pressure A between the thin layer forming member and the development roller is from 25 to 60 (N/m), a content Z (weight %) of the charge control agent satisfies the following relationship (1) and an average dispersion particle diameter D (nm) of the charge control agent satisfies the following relationship (2): 0.029×A?0.150>Z>0.013×A?0.013??Relationship (1) D<6.3×A?106.3??Relationship (2).

Abstract: A non-magnetic toner including a binder resin including a first resin, a second resin, a third resin; a colorant; and a wax, wherein the first resin is a hybrid resin including an amorphous condensation polymerization unit and a radical polymerization unit in its molecular frame, and the second and third resins are non-hybrid resins including condensation polymerization units, wherein each of the first, second and third resins has a glass transition temperature (Tg) and a softening point (Tm) satisfying the following relationships: Tg of first resin<Tg of second resin<Tg of third resin, which is from 70 to 80° C., and Tm of second resin<Tm of third resin<Tm of first resin, and wherein the binder resin includes the first resin in an amount of from 10 to 20% and the third resin of from 25 to 45% by weight.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles including a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent, and an external additive including a first particulate inorganic material having a formula of MgxSiyOx+2y where each of x and y is an integer, and a number average secondary particle diameter of from 0.02 ?m to 2 ?m, wherein the first atomic ratio (Mg/Si)s in a surface portion of the first particulate inorganic material is not greater than (preferably less than) the second atomic ratio (Mg/Si)e in the entire first particulate inorganic material. Alternatively, a toner including toner particles including a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive which includes a particulate inorganic material having a formula of MgxSiyOx+2y where each of x and y is an integer and which has a surface treated with a fatty acid.