Abstract: An ink ribbon take-up assembly for winding individual narrow ink ribbons produced in a slitting apparatus by slitting a wide ribbon, comprises a mounting shaft with a longitudinal groove, and ribbon cores and separators mounted alternately on the shaft. Each ribbon core has a longitudinally elongated projection on its inner surface, which is complementary to, and in engagement with, the groove in the shaft. The separators can be simple cylindrical tubes. This structure obviates cooperating notches and tabs at ends of the ribbon cores and separators, and makes it possible to achieve miniaturization by minimizing the wall thickness of the ribbon cores.

Abstract: In an optical waveguide device, a laser beam is collected to an end face of a channel waveguide, and introduced into a PLZT thin film optical waveguide. The incident laser beam, when emitted from the channel waveguide, diverges in the PLZT waveguide, permeates a thin film lens and is collimated into 0.4 Mm size. When a high frequency voltage is not applied to a comb Al electrode, the laser beam is collected after penetrating through the second thin film and emitted from the end face through the channel waveguide to form an emission beam. When the high frequency voltage is applied to the comb Al electrode, a diffraction grating is formed by an acousto-optic effect, and the laser beam is deflected. The deflected laser beam, when penetrating through the second thin film lens, is collected and emitted from the end face through the channel waveguide in adjacent with the above-described channel waveguide to form a deflected emission beam.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a plurality of scanning lines to which a plurality of scanning signals are inputted, respectively and a plurality of signal lines to which a plurality of display signals are inputted, respectively and a plurality of capacitance sections respectively provided through a plurality of switching elements at a plurality of intersections of the plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of signal lines, and a display section including the plurality of capacitance sections. The display section is divided into first and second display regions by a virtual line parallel to at least one of the plurality of scanning lines. The plurality of scanning signals are inputted at first intervals to a first group of the scanning lines corresponding to the first display region of the plurality of scanning lines.

Abstract: The invention intends to provides an optical waveguide device having a structure that satisfies the low drive voltage characteristic and the low propagation loss characteristic at the same time. The optical waveguide device contains a conductive or semiconductive lower electrode, an epitaxial or single orientational buffer layer provided on the lower electrode, an epitaxial or single orientational optical waveguide provided on the buffer layer, and an upper electrode of a conductive thin film or a semiconductive thin film, provided on the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide device is able to modulate, switch, or deflect incident light beams guided into the optical waveguide by applying a voltage between the upper electrode and the lower electrode.

Abstract: An oxide thin film comprising an oxide represented by ABO.sub.3, wherein A comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of the groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVB and VB of the periodic table, and B comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of the groups IVA and VA of the periodic table, wherein said oxide thin film has a mixed structure in which crystal grains are dispersed in an amorphous phase or an ultrafine grain phase. The oxide thin film is prepared by preparing an organic solvent solution (1) of a metal alkoxide compound of A and a metal alkoxide compound of B; adding water, or water and a catalyst to the organic solvent solution (1) to prepare a solution (2); mixing the organic solvent solution (1) and the solution (2) to prepare a mixed solution; coating the mixed solution on a substrate to form a thin film; and subjecting the thin film to heat treatment.

Abstract: A magnetic toner for a MICR printer containing a binder resin and a magnetic powder is prepared in such a way that the magnetic powder includes a first magnetic powder having a residual magnetization value within a range of 24 to 40 emu/g and a second magnetic powder having a residual magnetization value within a range of 1 to 24 emu/g (but exclusive of 24 m.sup.2 /g) and that the residual magnetization value of the magnetic toner for a MICR printer is within a range of 7.0 to 20 emu/g (but exclusive of 7.0 emu/g).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is driven so that an arbitrary pair of neighboring ones of M.times.N matrixed pixels in a row direction are driven by reversing a polarity of a signal potential in either thereof from that in the other thereof, an arbitrary pair of neighboring combinations of neighboring two of the M.times.N pixels in a column direction are driven by reversing the polarity of the signal potential in each of the neighboring two in either thereof from that in each of the neighboring two in the other thereof, and the polarity of the signal potential in each of the M.times.N pixels is reversed every frame. Four of the pixels in an arbitrary two-row by two-column area and four of the pixels in an arbitrary quartet of continuous rows in an arbitrary column both contain four drive phases of a pair of drive voltages.

Abstract: An optical element comprising (i) a matrix having an Si--O covalent bond unit, wherein at least part of the silicon atoms of said Si--O covalent bond unit is covalently bonded to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing not more than 4 carbon atoms, and (ii) at least one functional material selected from the group consisting of an organic material showing a nonlinear optical effect, a material showing a refractive index-regulating action, and an organic dye for laser oscillation, said functional material being present within said matrix. A functional group is stably held in the matrix and fully manifests its function in the matrix.

Abstract: A process for preparing a thin film of (Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x)TiO.sub.3 is provided, which comprises adding to a solvent represented by formula (I-A)R.sup.1' OR.sup.2 OH (I-A)wherein R.sup.1' represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having two or more carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, two metallic alkoxide compounds represented by the formulae (II) and (III) or three metallic alkoxide compounds represented by formulae (II) to (IV):Ba(OR.sup.3).sub.2 (II)Ti(OR.sup.4).sub.4 (III)Sr(OR.sup.5).sub.2 (IV)wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, to make mixture, heating the mixture, applying the resulting mixture to a substrate to form a thin film, and then subjecting the material to heat treatment.

Abstract: The invention provides a driving method of an active matrix liquid crystal display. Alternating pulse voltage signals synchronizing with gate control pulse voltage signals are applied on data lines. Predetermined positive and negative constant voltages are applied on data lines in an initial time interval. The constant voltages to be applied on adjacent two lines have inverse polarities relative to one another, which are independent of image data. Subsequently, voltage signals corresponding to image data are applied on the data lines in a latter time interval, each of which has a voltage level corresponding to a gray level of a pixel in the display. The voltage signal has the same polarity as the constant voltage.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display driving method, a first and positive voltage and a second and negative voltage are applied for displaying a first brightness level, respectively, and a third and positive voltage and a fourth and negative voltage are applied for displaying a second brightness level, respectively. In each unitary pixel block composed of two rows and two columns, a driving voltage is applied in such a manner that in each of four continuous frames, the first to fourth voltages are always applied to four pixels of the unitary pixel block, but in the four continuous frames, the four voltages are applied to each pixel in the order of the first to fourth voltages but in a phase different from the phase for each of the remaining three pixels. Thus, the four-frame thinning out system can be performed for displaying a halftone, with a minimized flicker.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor showing no reduction in charge property and no increase in residual potential when repeatedly used under the circumstances of high temperature and humidity for a long time and exhibiting excellent environmental stability, which comprises an electrically conductive substrate having thereon at least a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer, wherein a binder contained in said charge generating layer comprises at least one organic metal compound selected from the group consisting of organic metal alkoxides and organic metal chelate compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for forming a uniform and smooth coating film on a surface of a cylindrical body, for example, for production of an electrophotographic photosensitive body. The apparatus of the present invention includes a float having a space portion formed in the inside thereof for floatation in the liquid surface of the paint. The float is specifically formed so that even in the case where the paint contains a solvent that gradually evaporates, no bubbles are generated from a lower portion of a hollow cylindrical body during the coating step, because the pressure rising inside the hollow cylindrical body is moderated by the space portion of the float.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating thin film field effect transistor array by forming gate bus lines and drain bus lines in the form of a matrix on a light transmissive insulating film, forming thin film field effect transistors in the vicinity of each crossing point of the gate bus lines and the drain bus lines, and connecting pixel electrodes to each of the thin film field effect transistors, the method of fabricating the thin film field effect transistor array in accordance with the present invention includes the step of forming a gate electrode, the pixel electrode, and the drain bus line consisting of a transparent conductive film and a first metal film, or exclusively of the transparent conductive film, on the light transmissive insulating substrate, the step of forming a laminated film consisting of a gate insulating film, an amorphous silicon layer, and an n-type amorphous silicon layer, covering at least the gate electrodes, and the step of forming the gate bus lines, source electrodes, and drain electrodes