Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes a polymer liquid crystal composite layer in which liquid crystal droplets are dispersed and held in a continuous phase of matrix comprising polymer compound, or liquid crystals are dispersed and held in networks of matrix of a three dimensional network form comprising polymer compound. All areas of this polymer liquid crystal composite layer, except a non-active area, in which cracks will develop, in the vicinity of a sealant, is formed as an active area, so that, even when the cracks develop, stripy display unevenness caused by the cracks can be prevented from being visually confirmed on a display screen.

Abstract: A control system controls the output of a power source of a vehicle having a continuously variable transmission and a gear ratio to be set by the continuously variable transmission. The control system determines a target driving force on the basis of an output demand and a vehicle speed, and determines a target output of the power source for achieving the target driving force. The control system determines a target output speed preset for the target output, and controls the gear ratio of the continuously variable transmission so that the actual output speed of the power source may become the target output speed. The control system further determines the target output torque of the power source on the basis of the target output and the actual output speed of the power source, and controls the power source to achieve the target output torque. When the gear ratio is to be changed, its changing rate is made different in at least two quick and slow states.

Abstract: A control system of a vehicle having a continuously variable transmission, in which the continuously variable transmission capable of changing a gear ratio continuously is coupled to the output side of a power source to control the output torque of the power source in accordance with an inertial torque established by changing the gear ratio. The output torque of the power source is controlled to a torque which is based on the inertial torque and a target torque based on a demand for changing a driving force.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic EL display panel includes; forming first display electrodes corresponding to emitting portions and bonding pads arranged at a periphery of an image-region as a patterning step; forming electrically insulative ramparts for exposing at least portions of the first display electrodes and protruding from the substrate as a rampart formation step, the each electrically insulative rampart having an overhanging portion projecting in a direction parallel to the substrate preferably at an upper and further having extensions each extending between the adjacent bonding pads to isolate the adjacent bonding pads each other and define a bonding-region between the adjacent extensions on each the bonding pad; depositing organic electroluminescent media onto exposed portions of the first display electrodes respectively, thereby forming organic function layers each including at least one organic electroluminescent medium on the first display electrodes; and forming second display electrodes

Abstract: A method for feeding metalorganic gas from solid raw materials in MOCVD and its device provides an absorption reagent consisting of porous grains into which a solid metalorganic material is absorbed and the passing of the carrier gas among the absorptive porous grains in the container under a high thermal condition. The mixture gas including the metalorganic gas at a constant density is obtained in stability for a long time.

Abstract: A wavelength converting device comprises: a substrate; an epitaxial cladding layer of K.sub.3 Li.sub.2-x Nb.sub.5+x-y Ta.sub.y O.sub.15+2x (-0.4.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.20, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.33) deposited on the substrate by metalorganic compound gases including lithium, potassium, tantalum and niobium respectively by using a MOCVD method; and an epitaxial waveguide layer of K.sub.3 Li.sub.2-x' Nb.sub.5+x'-y' Ta.sub.y' O.sub.15+2x' (-0.4.ltoreq.x'.ltoreq.0.20, 0.ltoreq.y'.ltoreq.0.33, x+0.0005.ltoreq.x'.ltoreq.x+0.005 and x'.noteq.x) deposited on the epitaxial cladding layer by metalorganic compound gases including lithium, potassium, tantalum and niobium respectively by using the MOCVD method and having a refractive index larger than that of the epitaxial cladding layer thereby operat-able with a high thermal and electrical stability and a high output even when driven by a high load optical power.

Abstract: An active matrix type of twisted nematic liquid crystal display is provided with a lower alignment layer rubbed in rubbing directions RD3, RD4 opposite to each other, an upper alignment layer rubbed in rubbing directions RD5, RD6 opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer arranged between the lower and upper alignment layers and filled with liquid crystal molecules set in a nematic liquid crystal phase, a pixel electrode and a common electrode for inducing a vertical electric field in the liquid crystal layer, and a source line and gate line driving a switching device for applying an electric potential to the pixel electrode. The rubbing direction on the substrate with the switching device is at an angle of 1.degree.-44.degree. to either the source or gate line. In this case, major axes of a group of liquid crystal molecules arranged above the pixel electrode are twisted in a clockwise direction, and major axes of other group of liquid crystal molecules are twisted in a counterclockwise direction.