Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention discloses an odor-generating alarm apparatus that can ensure the reliability of a releasing operation and the odor dispersibility. In an odor-generating alarm apparatus, when abnormality information indicating occurrence of an abnormal state is supplied from a sensor for occurrence of an abnormal state, an initiator is operated by a circuit portion, and the initiator displaces a piston of a driving portion and displaces a spray can with respect to a casing and switches the spray can to a releasing state, thus releasing an odorous liquid filling the spray can in the form of fine particles.

Abstract: An ECU executes a program including causing a brake to enter an engaged state, when first gear is implemented and when a difference between an output shaft rotation speed estimated from an input shaft rotation speed and a detected output shaft rotation speed is greater than a threshold value. When the brake enters the engaged state, the relative rotation between the inner race and the outer race of a one-way clutch is limited.

Abstract: An ECU executes a program including causing a brake to enter an engaged state, when a first gear is implemented and when a difference between an output shaft rotation speed estimated from an input shaft rotation speed and a detected output shaft rotation speed is greater than a threshold value. When the brake enters the engaged state, the relative rotation between the inner race and the outer race of a one-way clutch is limited.

Abstract: Three external tooth wet friction materials are each composed of an external tooth plate and a lining adhered to one surface thereof along an entire circumference. Three internal tooth wet friction materials are each composed of an internal tooth plate and a lining adhered to one surface thereof along an entire circumference. Then, the three external tooth wet friction materials and the three internal tooth wet friction materials are disposed side by side so as to constitute a multi-plate frictional engagement apparatus. A thickness of the internal tooth plate is made thinner in view of its good heat discharge capability, and the thickness of the external tooth plate is made thicker by that much.

Abstract: A support structure for supporting a brake, as a frictional coupling device, includes a snap ring, a friction plate, and a back plate. The snap ring fits in a groove that extends in a circle. The back plate is disposed between the friction plate and the snap ring. The back plate is pressed against the snap ring. The snap ring has a first end face that faces the back plate and a second end face that faces the opposite side from the first end face and is in contact with a sidewall of the groove. The back plate has an end face that is in contact with the first end face. The static friction coefficient between the first end face of the snap ring and the end face of the back plate is smaller than that between the second end face of the snap ring and the sidewall of the groove.

Abstract: A uniform and dense resin coat is formed on a surface of a peripheral region of a fuel cell separator. However, the formed resin coat may contain defects (holes). With the present invention, however, any such defects in the resin coat are coated with a metal coat. That is, when depositing metal in complex ions on the fuel cell separator by an electrodeposition process, the metal is adhered not only to a power generation region but also to a portion where the surface (separator base material surface) is exposed by the defects of the resin coat, thereby forming the metal coat on the defects. Thus, it is possible to improve the corrosion resistance of the fuel cell separator as compared to the case that the surface of the separator base material is exposed at the portions of the defects of the resin coat.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention discloses an odor-generating alarm apparatus that can ensure the reliability of a releasing operation and the odor dispersibility. In an odor-generating alarm apparatus, when abnormality information indicating occurrence of an abnormal state is supplied from a sensor for occurrence of an abnormal state, an initiator is operated by a circuit portion, and the initiator displaces a piston of a driving portion and displaces a spray can with respect to a casing and switches the spray can to a releasing state, thus releasing an odorous liquid filling the spray can in the form of fine particles.

Abstract: A display method and apparatus for a navigation system which is capable of easily and quickly showing the existence of a large structure within which a specific point of interest (“POI”) is located. The navigation system searches a desired point of interest as specified by a user, examines whether the point of interest is located within a large structure, searches an icon representing a type of the large compound in which the point of interest is located, and when a particular point of interest is located within a large structure, displays the icon of the large structure and the POI name on a monitor of the navigation system. Upon selection of the icon by the user, the navigation system displays detailed information on the large structure.

Abstract: A clutch device for an automatic transmission includes a clutch drum, first and second frictional coupling elements, both supported by the clutch drum, a first piston axially movably disposed radially outwardly of the clutch drum and operating to couple the first frictional coupling elements, and a second piston axially movably disposed radially inwardly of the clutch drum and operating to couple the second frictional coupling elements. The clutch drum includes an inner drum portion welded on a rotary shaft, and an outer drum portion welded on the inner drum portion and supporting the first and second frictional coupling elements. The first piston is axially slidable relative to the inner drum portion. The second piston is axially slidable relative to the rotary shaft. And, a welded portion of the rotary shaft and the inner drum portion, and a welded portion of the inner drum portion and the outer drum portion, are radially spaced in a predetermined distance and concentric with each other.

Abstract: A clutch device for an automatic transmission, including a clutch drum supporting frictional coupling elements, a clutch piston disposed radially outwardly of the clutch drum, and a rotary speed sensor disposed radially outwardly of the clutch piston to detect a rotating speed of the clutch piston. The clutch piston has an inner spline for engagement with an outer spline of the clutch drum to prevent relative rotation between the clutch piston and the clutch drum, and further has a plurality of recesses formed in an outer circumferential surface thereof and corresponding to respective teeth of the inner spline, and a plurality of oil holes formed therethrough at an axial position of the clutch device at which the rotary speed sensor is located. The recesses and the oil holes are equally spaced apart from each other in a circumferential direction of the clutch piston.

Abstract: A vehicular automatic transmission including a first planetary gear device and a first set of frictional coupling elements, which can be supported by a pump housing via first and second retainer rings, at predetermined axial positions within the pump housing, during assembling of the automatic transmission. The first retainer ring is fixed to a radially inner spline-fitting part of a cylindrical extending portion of the pump housing, while the second retainer ring is fitted in a first circumferential groove formed in a ring gear of the first planetary gear device and a second circumferential groove formed in the inner circumferential surface of a splined cylindrical portion of a first hub splined to the outer circumferential surface of the ring gear and the radially inner portions of the first set of frictional coupling elements. The automatic transmission is manufactured by assembling a subassembly with respect to a stationary cylindrical housing to which the pump housing is fixed.

Abstract: A piston for an automatic transmission including a pair of mutually meshing gears such as counter drive and driven gears mounted on respective two parallel shafts, the piston including a bottom portion, and a cylindrical portion to be disposed radially outwardly of one of the mutually meshing gears, wherein the cylindrical portion has not only a cutout formed in a first circumferential part thereof for permitting mutual meshing engagement of the mutually meshing gears such that a point of the mutual meshing engagement is located within a circumference of the cylindrical portion, but also a through-hole formed in a second circumferential part thereof so that a speed sensor extends through the through-hole, for detecting the rotating speed of the above-indicated one gear disposed radially inwardly of the cylindrical portion. This arrangement of the cylindrical portion permits size reduction of the cutout, and assures sufficiently high degrees of strength and rigidity of the piston.

Abstract: A navigation method and apparatus is designed to efficiently retrieve the information on the scenic byways and to visit such scenic byways through calculated routes. The navigation method and system performs a scenic byway mode in which operations and screen displays are specially designed for efficiently retrieving and selecting a desired scenic byway and scenic places to visit. The navigation method and system allows the user to efficiently search the information and select the scenic byway and scenic places to visit. The navigation method and system stores the information on the scenic byways in the map database and facilitates retrieval thereof in response to the request by the user. Alternatively, the information on the scenic byways and scenic places can be retrieved from the remote data server through wireless communication.

Abstract: ECU executes a program including the step (S108) of setting a B2 brake to a engaging state when a first speed gear is effected (YES at S100) and when the difference between an output shaft rotation speed NOUT (1) estimated from an input shaft rotation speed NIN and the detected output shaft rotation speed NOUT (2) is larger than a threshold N (0) (YES at S106). When the B2 brake is in an engaged state, the relative rotation between the inner race and the outer race of one-way clutch is limited.

Abstract: Three external tooth wet friction materials are each composed of an external tooth plate and a lining adhered to one surface thereof along an entire circumference. Three internal tooth wet friction materials are each composed of an internal tooth plate and a lining adhered to one surface thereof along an entire circumference. Then, the three external tooth wet friction materials and the three internal tooth wet friction materials are disposed side by side so as to constitute a multi-plate frictional engagement apparatus. A thickness of the internal tooth plate is made thinner in view of its good heat discharge capability, and the thickness of the external tooth plate is made thicker by that much.

Abstract: A support structure for supporting a brake, as a frictional coupling device, includes a snap ring, a friction plate, and a back plate. The snap ring fits in a groove that extends in a circle. The back plate is disposed between the friction plate and the snap ring. The back plate is pressed against the snap ring. The snap ring has a first end face that faces the back plate and a second end face that faces the opposite side from the first end face and is in contact with a sidewall of the groove. The back plate has an end face that is in contact with the first end face. The static friction coefficient between the first end face of the snap ring and the end face of the back plate is smaller than that between the second end face of the snap ring and the sidewall of the groove.

Abstract: A piston for an automatic transmission, wherein a first piston member forming a cylindrical portion of the piston has a plurality of axial cutouts and a circumferential groove formed in one axial end portion thereof, and a second piston member forming a bottom portion of the piston has a plurality of radially extending engaging jaws fitted in the plurality of axial cutouts, while a retainer ring is fitted in the circumferential groove and held in abutting contact with the engaging jaws fitted in the axial cutouts, whereby the first and second piston members are fixed to each other. At least one of the engaging jaws of the second piston member cooperates with the retainer ring to form a gap therebetween, which prevents a stress concentration on portions of the circumferential groove adjacent to the axial cutouts, upon an axial movement of the piston, so that the required thickness of the retainer ring can be reduced, leading to size reduction of the piston.

Abstract: A piston for an automatic transmission including a cylindrical portion and a bottom portion formed integrally with one of opposite axial end portions of the cylindrical portion and being formed by a press-forming operation, including a lug formed on the cylindrical portion by cutting and radially outwardly raising a predetermined circumferential portion of the cylindrical portion, so that the lug engages with a predetermined stationary member. The cylindrical portion includes a cutout formed in a circumferential part thereof, and a rotary member that rotates about an axis parallel to an axis of the piston is disposed in the cutout.

Abstract: A clutch device for an automatic transmission, wherein a piston is disposed radially outwardly of a drum supporting frictional coupling elements, and cooperates with the drum to define a hydraulic pressure chamber, and a balancer is disposed on one side of the piston which is remote from the hydraulic pressure chamber, the balancer cooperating with the piston to define a canceling chamber. The clutch device is characterized in that: the drum has a stepped portion, and a shaft to which the drum is fixed has a flange portion; and the drum is fixed to the shaft such that the stepped portion of the drum and the flange portion of the shaft cooperate to define therebetween an oil sump, and the drum has an oil hole for communication between the oil sump and the canceling chamber.

Abstract: A clutch device for an automatic transmission includes a clutch drum, first and second frictional coupling elements, both supported by the clutch drum, a first piston axially movably disposed radially outwardly of the clutch drum and operating to couple the first frictional coupling elements, and a second piston axially movably disposed radially inwardly of the clutch drum and operating to couple the second frictional coupling elements. The clutch drum includes an inner drum portion welded on a rotary shaft, and an outer drum portion welded on the inner drum portion and supporting the first and second frictional coupling elements. The first piston is axially slidable relative to the inner drum portion. The second piston is axially slidable relative to the rotary shaft. And, a welded portion of the rotary shaft and the inner drum portion, and a welded portion of the inner drum portion and the outer drum portion, are radially spaced in a predetermined distance and concentric with each other.