Abstract: An object of the present invention is to increase the bandwidth use efficiency without requiring costly and fast integrated circuits or CPUs in the control unit even in a large-scale system with a large number of ONUs. An optical network unit includes an allocating unit that determines bandwidth allocation based on a predetermined allocation condition and a bandwidth transmitting unit that transmits bandwidth allocation information determined by the allocating unit to an optical line terminator. The optical line terminator is connected to a plurality of optical network units and includes a pipeline transmitting unit that transmits bandwidth allocation information transmitted from the optical network units to all optical network units to be allocated with bandwidth.

Abstract: An exemplary object of the present invention is to accurately reflect allocation requests and increase the bandwidth use efficiency without requiring expensive and fast integrated circuits or CPUs in the control unit even in a large-scale system with a large number of terminal devices. A subscriber station comprises allocating means for determining bandwidth allocation based on a predetermined allocation condition and bandwidth transmitting means for transmitting bandwidth allocation information determined by the allocating means to an optical line terminator. The optical line terminator comprises pipeline transmitting means for transmitting bandwidth allocation information transmitted from the subscriber stations to all subscriber stations to be allocated with bandwidth.

Abstract: There is provided a network capable of coping with occurrence of failure including a plurality of autonomous networks. The network includes an existing network A including a plurality of autonomous networks AS1 to AS6 in which the same routing protocol is employed and an additional network B added to the existing network to provide redundancy to the network. The additional network B is an autonomous network ASP dedicated to backup routes and is less in size than the existing network A. Traffic on the existing network A is transmitted by use of the additional network B.

Abstract: In a redundant system where multiple network interfaces can be switched, an interface switching device includes: a transformer for transforming automatic switch information between a predetermined type used for a predetermined network interface and each of other types used for network interfaces other than the predetermined network interface; a switch controller for performing switch control for automatic switch information of the predetermined type; and a control interface for connecting a first network interface to the switch controller via the transformer when first automatic switch information received from the first network interface is not of the predetermined type.

Abstract: In an autonomous network, one and the same routing protocol is employed in the network. An additional network which is an autonomous system dedicated to backup routes is added to an existing network which is an existing autonomous system, to thereby provide redundancy to the autonomous network. Part of traffic on the existing network is transmitted by use of the additional network. Therefore, at occurrence of failure, communication can be restored in a short period of time in the autonomous network.

Abstract: A scheduler allowing high-speed scheduling scalable with the number of input and output ports of a crosspoint switch and suppressed unfairness among inputs is disclosed. The scheduler includes an M×M matrix of scheduling modules, each of which schedules packet forwarding connections from a corresponding input group of input ports to selected ones of a corresponding output group of output ports based on reservation information. A diagonal module pattern is used to determine a set of M scheduling modules to avoid coming into collision with each other. Each determined scheduling module performs reservation of packet forwarding connections based on current reservation information and transfers updated reservation information in row and column directions of the M×M matrix.

Abstract: The present invention provides a PON system including a plurality of PONs (passive optical network), a plurality of house devices set in an end user's house, and a station side device including a plurality of PON interface sections connected to the house devices via the plurality of PONs, and a concentrating/distributing section for accommodating the plurality of PONs and concentrating and distributing signals via the plurality of PON interface sections; wherein the station side device has N (N is a positive integer) optical switch modules, each of which is connected to a PON interface section for current use among the plurality of PONs; and realizes 1:N redundant of the PONs by cascading the N optical switch modules.

Abstract: To achieve a station-side apparatus of a wavelength multiplexing PON system, which is capable of saving the wavelength resource through automatically carrying out allotment of the wavelength and the network address to reduce the complicated work for the setting, and through dynamically allotting the wavelength without fixing it in advance. It is a station-side apparatus (OLT) of a wavelength multiplexing PON system that comprises a plurality of in-home apparatuses (ONUs). The station-side apparatus is connected to the in-home apparatuses via transmission paths including an optical multiplexing distributor, and executes allotment of the wavelength in response to wavelength allotment requests from the in-home apparatuses. The station-side apparatus comprises a wavelength/network address allotting device that is provided with a DHCP server in advance, which dynamically allots wavelength and network address to the in-home apparatus in response to the wavelength allotment request from the in-home apparatus.

Abstract: The invention comprises emergency call management apparatus (31) and a mobile station (1). The emergency call management apparatus (31) monitors the emergency call generation rate, which is indicative of the rate of generation of emergency calls in a network, and on the basis of the result of this monitoring, transmits state information indicative of the restriction state of communication in that network, when the emergency call generation rate attains a preset condition. The mobile station (1) has emergency number information indicative of a number to be dialed to make an emergency call, and transmits, on the basis of the emergency number information and the received state information, a connection request to the network when the restriction state is a state in which only that emergency call is accepted and the number that has been dialed is the number to be dialed to make that emergency call.

Abstract: A scheduler and method for scheduling packet forwarding operations is provided. Packet forwarding request information associated with a first set of input port/output port combinations is received. Packet forwarding request information associated with a second set of input port/output port combinations different from the first set of input port/output port combinations is received, where the first set of input port/output port combinations and the second set of input port/output port combinations are selected to not conflict with each other. Packet forwarding for both the first set of input port/output port combinations at a first future time slot and the second set of input port/output port combinations at a second future time slot are simultaneously scheduling at a first scheduler and a second scheduler, respectively, based on the received packet forwarding request information.

Abstract: A bandwidth allocation equipment in an optical line terminal, which allocates bandwidth for data to be transmitted from optical network units through an optical splitter, includes a transmit/receive unit and bandwidth allocation units. The transmit/receive unit receives an output request for requesting bandwidth allocation, and sends back a signal sending permission to the respective optical network units for specifying bandwidth to be allowed for transmitting the data in each service cycle. The bandwidth allocation units are connected to one another in a ring. Each bandwidth allocation unit is provided with corresponding to the optical network unit, and outputs the signal sending permission from the bandwidth allocation unit that has performed the last bandwidth allocation processing in the ring connection. The transmit/receive unit specifies the bandwidth allocation unit that performs the first bandwidth allocation processing by shifting one by one for each of the service cycles.

Abstract: A scheduler allowing high-speed scheduling scalable with the number of input and output ports of a crosspoint switch and suppressed unfairness among inputs is disclosed. The scheduler includes an M×M matrix of scheduling modules, each of which schedules packet forwarding connections from a corresponding input group of input ports to selected ones of a corresponding output group of output ports based on reservation information. A diagonal module pattern is used to determine a set or M scheduling modules to avoid coming into collision with each other. Each determined scheduling module performs reservation of packet forwarding connections based on current reservation information and transfers updated reservation information in row and column directions of the M×M matrix.

Abstract: A telephone stores information indicating a region in which a callee is currently situated in a region code column (112) of a personal information table (110), calculates the local time of the region indicated by the region information, and displays the calculated local time, thus enabling the local time of the region in which the callee is currently situated to be properly displayed. The region information is updatable in accordance with a user operation or a current region notification from the callee, and if updated in accordance with the movements of the callee, the local time of the region in which the callee is currently situation can always be correctly displayed.

Abstract: A bandwidth control apparatus which can reflect current operation states or effective rates of the access lines on bandwidth distribution is realized for effective utilization of bandwidths in a subscriber data transmission system. In a plurality of bandwidth control apparatuses accommodating a plurality of access lines in a bandwidth control system, multiplexed signal lines of respective bandwidth control apparatuses are connected to one another in cascade. Each bandwidth control apparatus acquires a bandwidth state of the access lines in the own apparatus and-notifies the other apparatuses of the bandwidth state of the own apparatus having been acquired.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bandwidth control apparatus, a bandwidth control method, and a bandwidth control system for effective utilization of bandwidths resource in data transmission. The bandwidth control apparatus measures downstream effective bit rate of own access lines and notifies downstream effective bit rate information of each access line to a remote bandwidth control apparatus which communicates with the bandwidth control apparatus via a network. The bandwidth control apparatus allocates and controls upstream bandwidths of own access lines on the basis of corresponding downstream effective bit rate information of access lines notified from remote bandwidth control apparatus via the networks.

Abstract: An access line termination device is provided which enables down transmission capacity to be expanded in a normal state without changing/modifying a transmission path interface. An up signal of an access line accommodated in a remote device is applied to an interface unit through a line termination unit and multiplexed. Furthermore, the up signal multiplexed at the interface unit is applied to an optical expansion unit, multiplexed with a clockwise down signal from a parent device and sent as a signal directed to an adjacent remote device. At the adjacent remote device, an up signal of its own device and the signal from the remote device 6 at a preceding stage are multiplexed and sent out to a remote device at a subsequent stage.

Abstract: A scheduler allowing high-speed scheduling scalable with the number of input and output ports of a crosspoint switch and suppressed unfairness among inputs is disclosed. The scheduler includes an M×M matrix of scheduling modules, each of which schedules packet forwarding connections from a corresponding input group of input ports to selected ones of a corresponding output group of output ports based on reservation information. A diagonal modulo pattern is used to determine a set or M scheduling modules to avoid coming into collision with each other. Each determined scheduling module performs reservation of packet forwarding connections based on current reservation information and transfers updated reservation information in row and column directions of the M×M matrix.

Abstract: A communication system for accommodating a subscriber line includes main apparatus accommodating a plurality of subscriber lines, a plurality of remote apparatuses disposed in a radial pattern from the main apparatus and accommodating a plurality of subscriber lines, and a duct disposed in radial pattern in each of the plurality of remote apparatuses from the main apparatus, wherein the main apparatus and a plurality of remote apparatuses are connected in a ring pattern through a duct.

Abstract: A technique to acquire a photoresist composition which can reduce occurrence of defects of a resist pattern after development is provided. Further, a technique to obtain a photoresist composition having excellent storage stability characteristics as a resist solution (storage stability); and a technique to obtain a photoresist composition which reduces the change of sensitivity and resist pattern size after treatment almost completely are provided. A photoresist composition containing a resin component (A), an acid-generating component (B) for generating an acid under exposure, and an organic solvent (C) is passed through a first filter 2a equipped with a first membrane having zeta potential of more than ?20 mV but no more than 15 mV in distilled water of pH 7.0.

Abstract: A scheduler allowing high-speed scheduling scalable with the number of input and output ports of a crosspoint switch and suppressed unfairness among inputs is disclosed. The scheduler includes an M×M matrix of scheduling modules, each of which schedules packet forwarding connections from a corresponding input group of input ports to selected ones of a corresponding output group of output ports based on reservation information. A diagonal module pattern is used to determine a set of M scheduling modules to avoid coming into collision with each other. Each determined scheduling module performs reservation of packet forwarding connections based on current reservation information and transfers updated reservation information in row and column directions of the M×M matrix.