Abstract: A driving-torque distribution integrated control system for a four-wheel drive vehicle, for controlling a driving torque distribution between front and rear wheels and a driving torque distribution between right and left wheels, comprises a first torque distribution control section responsive to a first control command for controlling a front-and-rear driving torque distribution between subsidiary drive wheels installed at a first side of front and rear sides of the vehicle and primary drive wheels installed at a second side of the front and rear sides, and a second torque distribution control section responsive to a second control command for controlling a right-and-left drive torque distribution between said primary drive wheels. First and second target slip arithmetic units derive target slip states for the subsidiary drive wheels and for an outer drive wheel of the primary drive wheels, and first and second actual slip arithmetic units derive the actual slip of the subsidiary and outer drive wheels.

Abstract: In a discharge lamp having a discharge medium sealed in a discharge tube assembly including electrodes for producing a discharge, a nitride layer is formed on a surface of an envelope tube of the discharge tube assembly. The nitride layer is formed by substituting an oxygen component of an oxide constituting the tube wall of the envelope tube with nitrogen, and exhibits a continuous and smooth reduction in nitride content in the direction of depth. This chemically stable nitride layer prevents a reaction between the discharge medium and the tube wall material, and removal or injection of the discharge medium. In addition, since the nitride layer also exhibits a continuous change in thermal expansion coefficient in the direction of depth, the thermal stress is reduced, and cracking, peeling, removal, and the like do not occur.

Abstract: A color diffusion transfer film unit containing an alkali processing element as one of elements constituting the film unit, wherein at least one of the elements contains at least one oligomer or polymer having surface activity. The film unit can contain a small amount of a photographically useful substance in a stable state. The film unit forms a clear image at a high rate of image formation.

Abstract: An integrated control system for integrally controlling operations of an electronic torque split system and a traction control system for an automotive vehicle is provided. This system is such that when slippage of auxiliary driven wheels to which engine torque is variably delivered exceeds an auxiliary wheel target slippage value which is determined in a preselected relation to a cornering condition, the torque split system modifies an amount of engine torque distribution to the auxiliary wheels so that the auxiliary wheel slippage is adjusted toward the auxiliary wheel target slippage value, while the traction control system is activated to reduce an excess of engine torque constantly delivered to primary driven wheels for maintaining primary driven wheel slippage within a preselected allowable range.

Abstract: An automobile differential limiting torque control system with a limited slip differential mounted between right and left drive road wheels for limiting a differential action, comprises sensors for detecting a vehicle speed and an accelerating degree of the vehicle, and an active limited slip differential controller responsive to the accelerating degree for deriving a target torque value for the differential limiting torque. The controller derives the slip difference between a vehicle-speed dependent allowable slip limit and an actual slip amount at an outer wheel of the right and left drive road wheels during cornering of the vehicle in the presence of depression of the accelerator pedal.

Abstract: A differential limiting torque control system for an automotive vehicle with an anti-skid brake control system (ABS) and a limited slip differential (LSD), comprises sensors for detecting a deceleration, a lateral acceleration, and a drive-wheel speed difference between the right and left drive wheels, and an active LSD controller responsive to both the detected deceleration and the detected lateral-acceleration for deriving a first target torque and responsive to the detected drive-wheel speed difference for deriving a second target torque. The controller adjusts a differential limiting torque applied to the LSD to a higher one of the first and second target torques, only during operation of the ABS.

Abstract: A driving torque distribution control system for a four wheel drive vehicle includes a torque distributing clutch provided in a drive path for the front wheels, and a controller for controlling a driving torque transmitted to the front wheels through the clutch, in accordance with a corrected front and rear wheel speed difference which is a difference resulting from subtraction of a dead band from a sensed actual front and rear wheel speed difference. In order to improve the controllability near the cornering limits of the vehicle without deteriorating the driving ability in a low lateral acceleration cornering operation, the controller sets the dead band so that the dead band increases as the lateral acceleration of the vehicle increases.

Abstract: A low pressure discharge lamp apparatus has a low pressure discharge lamp with an arc tube. The arc tube has a first end and a second end, each with electrodes which define a discharge space therebetween. A mercury/rare gas is sealed in the arc tube. The low pressure discharge lamp apparatus further has a lighting circuit apparatus for lighting the lamp by supplying a current with a polarity reversed for each half cycle to electrodes in the first and second ends of the arc tube. The lighting circuit apparatus supplies, to the lamp, a current whose waveform has a flat peak for each half cycle and a maximum current value of the current is restricted to less than a level in which the excitation of mercury atoms is saturated.

Abstract: In order to maintain an ultraviolet-ray intensity of a metal halide lamp for a long period, the present invention provides a high intensity discharge lamp comprising an arc tube having electrodes at its both ends, and a rare gas, mercury, iron, a halogen and silver enclosed in the tube, wherein a gram atom ratio of silver to iron is 0.05 to 0.2. The present invention also provides a high intensity discharge lamp comprising an arc tube having electrodes at its both ends, and a rare gas, mecury, iron, a halogen, tin and silver enclosed in the tube, wherein ([Fe]+[Sn])/[J]<0.5 and (2[Fe]+2[Sn]+[Ag])/[J]>1, where [Fe], [Sn], ]Ag] and [J] are, respectively, gram atoms of iron, tin, silver and the halogen.

Abstract: A high-efficacy, high power ultraviolet radiation lamp is disclosed. Electrodes are respectively provided at two ends of a discharge tube, and at least a rare gas is sealed in the discharge tube. The discharge tube is curved in a U shape. A reservoir for reserving a radiant material for radiating ultraviolet rays projects from the discharge tube. An isolating section is provided to surround at least the reservoir. The isolating section adjusts the temperature of the reservoir and supplies an appropriate amount of radiant material into the discharge tube.

Abstract: A headlight for a vehicle includes a metal halide lamp and a reflector having a focus and reflecting a light beam, emitted from the lamp, in a forward direction from the front of the vehicle. The lamp has a luminescent tube in which at least sodium is sealed, and positive and negative electrodes. The respective distal ends of the electrodes are located in the luminescent tube and spaced at a predetermined distance from each other. The lamp is positioned so that a straight line connecting the respective distal ends of the electrodes is horizontal and passes through the focus, and so as to meet the following requirement:0.ltoreq.L0/L1.ltoreq.0.4,where L0 is the distance between the focus and the distal end of the negative electrode, and L1 is the distance between the distal ends of the electrodes.

Abstract: A high pressure metal vapor discharge lamp including an outer bulb having a seal portion, an arc tube enclosed within the outer bulb, the arc tube having at least a pair of electrodes and containing at least a light emitting material and a rare gas, a pair of first lead wires of which one ends connect to the electrodes respectively and another ends mounted at the seal portion of outer bulb, a pre-heater disposed within the outer bulb, the pre-heater comprises a heat element and an insulating material covers the heat element and facing the arc tube to give the heat to the arc tube, and a second lead wires connected to the heat element of pre-heater, the portion of the second lead wires which are exposed in the outer bulb are surrounded by a heat-resisting insulator and the base portion of the second lead wires are mounted at the seal portion of outer bulb.

Abstract: A high pressure metal vapor discharge lamp including an arc tube having opposed ends at which are provided respective main electrodes and a fill including mercury and a starting gas, a radioactive source material including a radioactive substance having a half-life less than 1.times.10.sup.4 years sealed in the arc tube, an outer tube enclosing the arc tube and a circuit for starting the arc tube.

Abstract: In a metal halide lamp including a luminous sealed tube which is equipped with a pair of discharge electrodes and has an inonizable inert gas and mercury sealed therein, the luminous sealed tube further includes, in addition to tin halide (exclusive of tin fluoride), calcium halide (exclusive of calcium fluoride) or strontium halide (exclusive of strontium fluoride) or their mixture. The metal halide lamp shows a high color rendering property.