Abstract: An object of the present invention to provide a method for analyzing gene expression levels which can be simply and rapidly carried out by using a small apparatus without requiring any special techniques, complicated operations and special apparatuses. The present invention provides a method for analyzing expression levels of a target nucleic acid in a biological sample which comprises steps of: (1) conducting polymerase elongation by reacting RNA from a biological sample or cDNA synthesized therefrom, at least one primer complementary with a part of the target nucleic acid sequence contained in the RNA, at least one deoxynucleoside triphosphate, and at least one polymerase to synthesize said target nucleic acid sequence; and (2) detecting or quantifying pyrophosphoric acid which is generated upon the polymerase elongation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unit for biochemical analysis wherein the unit comprises a substrate formed of a material having properties of attenuating radiation and/or light and formed with a plurality of holes, and adsorptive areas are respectively formed inside the plurality of holes, thereby forming a plurality of adsorptive areas, and wherein covalently binding functional groups are introduced onto the adsorptive areas. The present invention enables to provide a unit for biochemical analysis which is capable of carrying out strong and efficient immobilization of specific binding substances and can obtain specific and high signals by controlling the direction of the immobilized specific binding substances.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorescent substance which is represented by a formula: A-B-C wherein A is a residue of natural or synthetic nucleotide, oligonucleotide, polynucleotide, or derivative thereof, and binds to B at a base moiety in said residue, or A is a residue of avidin or streptavidin; B is a divalent linking group or a single bond; and C is a monovalent group derived from a general formula (I) and binds to B at a reactive group present in R1 or R2: wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group that may be substituted with a reactive group capable of covalently bonding to A-B-; R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently represent an alkyl group, and R3 and R4, and/or R5 and R6 may bind to each other to form a saturated carbon-ring together with a carbon atom(s) to which they bind; V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9 and V10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, and two adjacent groups thereof may bind to form a ring; L1, L2,

Abstract: A method for detecting a hybrid multi-stranded nucleic acid sample nucleic acid, which comprises the step of allowing the sample nucleic acid to interact with a probe nucleic acid to form a hybrid multi-stranded nucleic acid by hybridization of the probe nucleic acid and the sample nucleic acid, which further comprises the steps of allowing two or more kinds of compounds with affinity to multi-stranded nucleic acids, each having a different luminescent characteristic, to interact with the hybrid multi-stranded nucleic acid, and then detecting luminescence generated as a result of an energy transfer between the two or more kinds of the compounds with affinity to multi-stranded nucleic acids.

Abstract: Fluorescent nucleotides useful for labeling nucleic acids which are represented by the formula: X—Y—Z wherein X represents a residue of natural or non-natural nucleotide and the like and binds to Y at a basic moiety of the residue; Y represents a divalent bridging group or a single bond; Z represents a monovalent group derived from a compound represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 to R4 represent an alkyl group; V1 to V6 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; L1 to L7 represent a methine group; W represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —C(R3)(R4)— or —N(R5)— wherein R3 to R5 represents an alkyl group; Q represents a nitrogen atom or —C(V7)— wherein V7 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; M represents a counter ion; m represents a number required to neutralize the charge of the molecule; s, t and u represent 0 or 1 or the like, and binds to Y at a reactive group existing in R1 or R2.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a reactive solid support having a porous substrate wherein the porous region has a fine pore diameter of about 2 nm to about 1000 nm, a porosity of about 10% to about 90% and a thickness of about 0.01 &mgr;m to about 70 &mgr;m, to the surface of which a group of vinyl sulfonyl groups or their reactive precursor groups are fixed by covalent bond via a linking group, respectively. According to the present invention, a probe of a nucleotide derivative or its analog nucleotide such as an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, or a peptide nucleic acid can be fixed in high density with high stability on the surface of a solid support having a porosity.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a biological material chip in which at least one member of specific binding partners is bound and fixed to a reactive solid support which can achieve rapid and stable binding and fixing. The present invention provides a biological material chip wherein a group represented by following formula (I) which contains a residue of a member of specific binding partners is bound to a solid support.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorescent substance which is represented by a formula: A-B-C

Abstract: Objects of the present invention are to provide a reactive solid support capable of particularly advantageously being used for stably binding and fixing a previously prepared nucleotide derivative such as an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, or a peptide nucleic acid or their analogs in a high density state on the surface of the solid support. According to the present invention, there is provided a reactive solid support having convex and concave portions on its surface, to which a group of vinyl sulfonyl groups or their reactive precursor groups are fixed by covalent bond via a linking group, respectively.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a fluorescent nucleotide represented by the formula: A-B-C,