Abstract: A shift control system includes an engine speed detector, a multistage transmission, a gear position detector, a shifting operation detector, and an output controller. The engine speed detector is configured to detect an engine speed. The gear position detector is configured to detect a transmission gear. The shifting operation detector is configured to detect an operation of a shift operating element. The output controller is configured to restrict output of an engine in a case where an up-shifting operation is detected by the shifting operation detector. The output controller is configured to release output restriction of the engine before the gear position detector detects that switching to a next-stage transmission gear by the up-shifting operation of the shift operating element is completed.

Abstract: A shift control system includes an engine speed detector, a multistage transmission, a gear position detector, a shifting operation detector, and an output controller. The engine speed detector is configured to detect an engine speed. The gear position detector is configured to detect a transmission gear. The shifting operation detector is configured to detect an operation of a shift operating element. The output controller is configured to restrict output of an engine in a case where an up-shifting operation is detected by the shifting operation detector. The output controller is configured to release output restriction of the engine before the gear position detector detects that switching to a next-stage transmission gear by the up-shifting operation of the shift operating element is completed.

Abstract: Administering an amino acid-containing composition, containing the following amino acids (1)-(9), wherein the molar content ratio of each amino acid to the total content of the amino acids (1)-(9) falls within the following numerical ranges: (1) leucine 35-66%; (2) isoleucine 5.0-15%; (3) valine 5.0-15%; (4) threonine 7.0-14%; (5) lysine 8.0-16%; (6) methionine 2.0-10%; (7) histidine 0.1-3.5%; (8) phenylalanine 2.5-8.0%; and (9) tryptophan 0.1-2.0%, is effective for enhancing recovery from muscle fatigue.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical element includes a first optical sheet having a first major surface. The first optical sheet includes a first Fresnel lens provided in the first major surface. An optical axis of the first Fresnel lens at the first major surface is disposed at a position different from a position of a center of an outline of the first major surface.

Abstract: A clutch release mechanism includes a fixed cam plate having a cylindrical boss portion, and a movable cam plate supported on the cylindrical boss portion through a cylindrical projecting portion thereof. A ball unit is retained on the cylindrical boss portion by a retainer, and a release member disengages a clutch by transmitting a thrust force, generated by relative turning between the fixed and movable cam plates which hold the ball unit therebetween, to a pressure-applying plate. A pressing member is pressed by the movable cam plate to transmit the thrust force to the release member. The cylindrical projecting portion of the movable cam plate projects toward the pressing member, and is fitted a the hollow portion thereof with a gap therebetween. The movable cam plate presses the pressing member so as to be relatively shiftable on a flat surface perpendicular to a pressing direction.

Abstract: An exhaust device for a vehicle, such as a motorcycle or scooter, includes an exhaust pipe and a muffler. A first end portion of the exhaust pipe is connectable to an engine of the vehicle. A second end portion of the exhaust pipe is located within the muffler. A secondary air induction pipe supplies air to the exhaust pipe and is connected to a portion of the exhaust pipe located within the muffler. Furthermore, at least the portion of the exhaust pipe to which the secondary air induction pipe is connected is linear. A purification tube member for purifying exhaust gas forms a portion of the second end portion of the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: Methods for lowering serum triglycerides use pharmaceutical agents and food products that have no side effects, are easy to ingest continuously, and have a serum triglyceride-lowering effect are provided. The pharmaceutical agents and food products are lipid metabolism-ameliorating agents and serum triglyceride-lowering agents, which include as an active ingredient a culture of a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus. The bacterium belongs to the genus Bacillus is preferably Bacillus subtilis, and more preferably Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (FERM BP-1096). The lipid metabolism-ameliorating agent and the serum triglyceride-lowering agent are useful for treating and preventing diseases such as arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: A method for improving glomerular filtration rate includes administering to a subject in need thereof an agent containing a culture of a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus. A method for ameliorating renal failure includes administering to a subject in need thereof an agent with a serum creatinine-lowering effect containing as an active ingredient a culture of a genus Bacillus bacterium. A method for improving glomerular filtration rate or ameliorating renal failure includes administering to a subject in need thereof an agent containing spores of a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gasket (7) for a pre-filled syringe 1 into which liquid (3) is charged, wherein a peripheral side surface of the gasket (7 a) that is in contact with an inner surface of the syringe barrel (2) is provided with a restriction (8), the bottom surface (7c) of the gasket (7) that is not in contact with the liquid (3) is formed into a tapered shape (10) and the gasket (7) has a hardness comprised from 57 to 60 when measured by a JIS hardness meter.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical element includes a first optical sheet having a first major surface. The first optical sheet includes a first Fresnel lens provided in the first major surface. An optical axis of the first Fresnel lens at the first major surface is disposed at a position different from a position of a center of an outline of the first major surface.

Abstract: A clutch release mechanism includes a fixed cam plate having a cylindrical boss portion, and a movable cam plate supported on the cylindrical boss portion through a cylindrical projecting portion thereof. A ball unit is retained on the cylindrical boss portion by a retainer, and a release member disengages a clutch by transmitting a thrust force, generated by relative turning between the fixed and movable cam plates which hold the ball unit therebetween, to a pressure-applying plate. A pressing member is pressed by the movable cam plate to transmit the thrust force to the release member. The cylindrical projecting portion of the movable cam plate projects toward the pressing member, and is fitted a the hollow portion thereof with a gap therebetween. The movable cam plate presses the pressing member so as to be relatively shiftable on a flat surface perpendicular to a pressing direction.

Abstract: An exhaust device for a vehicle, such as a scooter type motorcycle, comprises an exhaust pipe and a muffler. A first end portion of the exhaust pipe is connectable to an engine of the vehicle. The muffler includes an outer wall defining an internal space of the muffler. A second end portion of the exhaust pipe is located within the internal space of the muffler. A secondary air induction pipe supplies air to the exhaust pipe and is connected to a portion of the exhaust pipe that is within the internal space of the muffler. The secondary air induction pipe extends to the outside of the muffler via a through hole that has an edge, at least a portion of which is defined by each of a first member and a second member of the muffler.

Abstract: The present invention provides an amino acid-containing composition for preventing or remedying a decrease in skeletal muscle mass of aged people, comprising L-leucine at a molar composition ratio of 35% or more with respect to total of essential amino acids. According to the invention, the protein anabolism of skeletal muscle can be promoted to prevent or remedy a decrease of the skeletal muscle mass of aged people.

Abstract: A muffler for a vehicle, such as a scooter type motorcycle, comprises an inner tubular member and an outer tubular member. An inner surface of the outer tubular member faces an outer surface of the inner tubular member. A ring shaped or annular member is positioned between the outer surface of the inner tubular member and the inner surface of the outer tubular member. The annular member has a substantially hollow cross section and is elastically deformable in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the inner tubular member and the outer tubular member.

Abstract: A renal function-ameliorating agent and a serum creatinine-lowering agent, each comprising as an active ingredient a culture of a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, are disclosed. The bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus is preferably Bacillus subtilis, and more preferably Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (FERM BP-1096). The renal function-ameliorating agent and the serum creatinine-lowering agent are useful for treating and preventing diseases such as arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical agents and food products which have no side effects, are easy to ingest continuously, and have a serum triglyceride-lowering effect are provided. A lipid metabolism-ameliorating agent and a serum triglyceride-lowering agent, each comprising as an active ingredient a culture of a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, are disclosed. The bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus is preferably Bacillus subtilis, and more preferably Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (FERN BP-1096). The lipid metabolism-ameliorating agent and the serum triglyceride-lowering agent are useful for treating and preventing diseases such as arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: Brain-localizing polypeptides carrying a reactive group for linking to a molecule that does not have brain-localizing activity were successfully produced by introducing at least two lysine residues into cyclized polypeptides having a brain-localizing motif sequence. These polypeptides have improved metabolic stability compared to conventional brain-localizing polypeptides, and can efficiently translocate desired molecules into the brain.

Abstract: An incident intensity L is categorized into a low illuminance range A1 for immediately moving a sun visor body toward a retracted position, a high illuminance range A2 for immediately moving the sun visor body in a target direction set based on an incident angle, and an intermediate illuminance range A3 set between the two regions A1 and A2. When the incident intensity is in the region A3 and after the target position is continuously set closer to the retracted position or the projected position than the present position for a predetermined time, the sun visor body moves toward the target position. That is, there is a range between an illuminance threshold L1 for immediately moving the sun visor body toward the retracted position and an illuminance threshold L2 for immediately moving the sun visor body in the target direction based on the incident angle.

Abstract: Assume that the position of a sun visor main body is adjusted by an occupant when incident light having the incident angle ?1 has entered a vehicle passenger compartment. Then, a straight line L1 is obtained that passes through the distal end position S1 of the moved sun visor main body and is inclined by the same angle as the incident angle ?1. At this time, the intersection between a straight line Y1, which passes through an eye position P0 of a average sized person and extends along the vertical direction of a vehicle, and the straight line L1 is estimated as an eye position P1 of the occupant. Thereafter, a light blocking control is performed in accordance with the estimated eye position P1.

Abstract: A sun visor apparatus for vehicle including a wiper apparatus that wipes a wipe area defined on an outer surface of a windshield. A light receiving sensor is arranged in the vehicle compartment facing toward the wipe area. When the windshield is stained by mud or bird feces, this does not interfere with the incident light received by the light receiving sensor as long as the wiper apparatus wipes the outer surface of the windshield. Accordingly, the light receiving sensor outputs an incident light detection signal that accurately corresponds to the incident light. A light shield body is properly extended and retracted in accordance with the incident light detection signal.