Abstract: The present inventors intravenously administered laboratory animals with molecules in which peptides and colloidal metal particles had been bound, to discover that the molecules translocated to the brain, specifically into cerebral neurons. Since activity to translocate into cerebral neurons could not be observed when the metal colloids were not bound, this activity was suggested to be a property of the colloidal metal particles. Desired compounds can be translocated into cerebral neurons by binding them to the colloidal metal particles. Furthermore, by using as carriers conjugate molecules in which peptides having brain-localizing activity are bound to the colloidal metal particles of the present invention, desired compounds can be delivered into cerebral neurons by intravenous administration.

Abstract: A muffler for a vehicle, such as a scooter type motorcycle, comprises an inner tubular member and an outer tubular member. An inner surface of the outer tubular member faces an outer surface of the inner tubular member. A ring shaped or annular member is positioned between the outer surface of the inner tubular member and the inner surface of the outer tubular member. The annular member has a substantially hollow cross section and is elastically deformable in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the inner tubular member and the outer tubular member.

Abstract: An exhaust device for a vehicle, such as a motorcycle or scooter, includes an exhaust pipe and a muffler. A first end portion of the exhaust pipe is connectable to an engine of the vehicle. A second end portion of the exhaust pipe is located within the muffler. A secondary air induction pipe supplies air to the exhaust pipe and is connected to a portion of the exhaust pipe located within the muffler. Furthermore, at least the portion of the exhaust pipe to which the secondary air induction pipe is connected is linear. A purification tube member for purifying exhaust gas forms a portion of the second end portion of the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: An exhaust device for a vehicle, such as a scooter type motorcycle, comprises an exhaust pipe and a muffler. A first end portion of the exhaust pipe is connectable to an engine of the vehicle. The muffler includes an outer wall defining an internal space of the muffler. A second end portion of the exhaust pipe is located within the internal space of the muffler. A secondary air induction pipe supplies air to the exhaust pipe and is connected to a portion of the exhaust pipe that is within the internal space of the muffler. The secondary air induction pipe extends to the outside of the muffler via a through hole that has an edge, at least a portion of which is defined by each of a first member and a second member of the muffler.

Abstract: An incident intensity L is categorized into a low illuminance range A1 for immediately moving a sun visor body toward a retracted position, a high illuminance range A2 for immediately moving the sun visor body in a target direction set based on an incident angle, and an intermediate illuminance range A3 set between the two regions A1 and A2. When the incident intensity is in the region A3 and after the target position is continuously set closer to the retracted position or the projected position than the present position for a predetermined time, the sun visor body moves toward the target position. That is, there is a range between an illuminance threshold L1 for immediately moving the sun visor body toward the retracted position and an illuminance threshold L2 for immediately moving the sun visor body in the target direction based on the incident angle.

Abstract: A sun visor apparatus for vehicle including a wiper apparatus that wipes a wipe area defined on an outer surface of a windshield. A light receiving sensor is arranged in the vehicle compartment facing toward the wipe area. When the windshield is stained by mud or bird feces, this does not interfere with the incident light received by the light receiving sensor as long as the wiper apparatus wipes the outer surface of the windshield. Accordingly, the light receiving sensor outputs an incident light detection signal that accurately corresponds to the incident light. A light shield body is properly extended and retracted in accordance with the incident light detection signal.

Abstract: A pair of drive gears rotated by a drive motor is meshed with meshing surfaces of a pair of slide guides of a light shield body. A plurality of rotation rollers rotate on roll surfaces of the slide guides and hold the pair of slide guides in a thicknesswise direction of the light shield body. The drive gears have contact portions that come into contact with side surfaces of the slide guides that are arranged to face each other or face opposite directions. Accordingly, a vehicle sun visor apparatus may be reduced in size.

Abstract: A pair of drive gears rotated by a drive motor is meshed with meshing surfaces of a pair of slide guides of a light shield body. A plurality of rotation rollers rotate on roll surfaces of the slide guides and hold the pair of slide guides in a thicknesswise direction of the light shield body. The drive gears have contact portions that come into contact with side surfaces of the slide guides that are arranged to face each other or face opposite directions. Accordingly, a vehicle sun visor apparatus may be reduced in size.

Abstract: A running gear of a saddle-riding-type vehicle includes a running gear unit with an engine which is pivotally supported to a vehicle body to freely swing, an exhaust pipe extending towards a rear portion of the engine and a support unit for making the running gear unit support a midway section of the exhaust pipe in a longitudinal direction. The support unit includes a first bracket provided on the running gear unit, a second bracket provided on the midway section of the exhaust pipe and a pair of engaging members vertically arranged for engaging a rear end part of the first bracket and a front end part of the second bracket with each other in any relative position in a fore-and-aft direction.

Abstract: Assume that the position of a sun visor main body is adjusted by an occupant when incident light having the incident angle ?1 has entered a vehicle passenger compartment. Then, a straight line L1 is obtained that passes through the distal end position S1 of the moved sun visor main body and is inclined by the same angle as the incident angle ?1. At this time, the intersection between a straight line Y1, which passes through an eye position P0 of a average sized person and extends along the vertical direction of a vehicle, and the straight line L1 is estimated as an eye position P1 of the occupant. Thereafter, a light blocking control is performed in accordance with the estimated eye position P1.

Abstract: A vehicle sun visor apparatus is located on a vehicle to block incident light on an eye position of an occupant of the vehicle. The vehicle sun visor apparatus includes a sun visor main body, a drive device, a light receiving sensor, a manipulation device, and a control device. The sun visor main body blocks the incident light, and the drive device moves the sun visor main body. The light receiving sensor is located at a position that does not block the view of the occupant and outputs a signal in accordance with the incident angle of the incident light. A range of an assumable eye position in the vehicle is set in advance, and the manipulation device inputs an assumed position of the eye position within the range by manipulation performed by the occupant. The control device specifies the incident angle of the incident light based on the output from the light receiving sensor and controls the movement of the sun visor main body by the drive device based on the incident angle and the assumed position.

Abstract: In this application are disclosed (a) a food composition for recovery from fatigue comprising aspartic acid as the active ingredient which composition has a recovery function from fatigue, and which composition is to be taken in an amount of 2 g or more in terms of said aspartic acid by an adult human per day, and (b) a food composition for recovery from fatigue comprising aspartic acid, and at least one other amino acid such as glutamic acid, as the active ingredient which composition has a recovery function from fatigue, and which composition is to be taken in an amount of 1 g or more in terms of said aspartic acid and in a total amount of 1 g or more in terms of said at least one other amino acid such as of glutamic acid, by an adult human per day. These food compositions allow an instant recovery from fatigue after an exercise or work requiring a physical strength and facilitate the training or the work the next day.

Abstract: A running gear of a saddle-riding-type vehicle includes a running gear unit with an engine which is pivotally supported to a vehicle body to freely swing, an exhaust pipe extending towards a rear portion of the engine and a support unit for making the running gear unit support a midway section of the exhaust pipe in a longitudinal direction. The support unit includes a first bracket provided on the running gear unit, a second bracket provided on the midway section of the exhaust pipe and a pair of engaging members vertically arranged for engaging a rear end part of the first bracket and a front end part of the second bracket with each other in any relative position in a fore-and-aft direction.

Abstract: There is an electrode-rolled battery in which an anode and a cathode are rolled in a manner that a separator is put between the anode and the cathode and in which a plurality of collecting tabs is respectively provided with a plurality of cathode active material unformed parts and a plurality of anode active material forming parts; and wherein when a length of an outermost anode active material unformed part is set as “L”; and when a distance from the outermost anode active material unformed part to a center of a rolled body made up of the anode, the cathode and the separator, is set as “R”, a following expression is set: L≧2&pgr;R.

Abstract: A spinel-type LiMn secondary cell has an electrode unit including a positive electrode sheet made mainly of aluminum and coated with a positive electrode active material including lithium and manganese as indispensable constituents. The electrode unit is mounted in a cell casing as a negative electrode by an insulating assembly. A positive electrode member is made of an aluminum alloy with manganese mixed therewith for increased mechanical strength. Since manganese mixed with the aluminum alloy of the positive electrode member is an indispensable constituent of the positive electrode active material, it does not cause an unwanted chemical reaction such as electrolytic corrosion.

Abstract: A secondary battery has a disconnect assembly for cutting off a current path when a pressure in the battery is abnormal, disposed in an open end of an outer casing. The disconnect assembly includes a rupture disk sealing the open end of the outer casing, a cap electrically connected to a portion of a surface of the rupture disk and serving as an outer terminal of the battery, a weld plate joined to a portion of another surface of the rupture disk and serving as an inner terminal of the battery and having vent holes, and an insulating gasket sealing a gap between the rupture disk and the outer casing and holding the rupture disk and the weld plate in an electrically insulated fashion, except for a space around a junction between the rupture disk and the weld plate. A portion of the rupture disk and the weld plate are so joined that the diffusion of atoms at a junction interface is in an initial stage. An ultrasonic welding machine is used to carry out the above joining.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a cylindrically shaped battery element includes positive and negative electrodes and a separator sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes. Each of the positive and negative electrodes has an active material free region, on which no active material is applied. The active material free region has a projecting edge region which projects or extends beyond a first side edge of the separator, wherein a first end of the cylindrically shaped battery element includes the projecting edge region of the active material free region of one of the positive and negative electrodes, and the first end of the cylindrically shaped battery element has a depressed portion. An electrode tab has a first portion engaged within and welded to the depressed portion and a second portion electrically in contact with an electrode terminal.

Abstract: There is an electrode-rolled battery in which an anode and a cathode are rolled in a manner that a separator is put between the anode and the cathode and in which a plurality of collecting tabs is respectively provided with a plurality of cathode active material unformed parts and a plurality of anode active material forming parts; and

Abstract: A spinel-type LiMn secondary cell has an electrode unit including a positive electrode sheet made mainly of aluminum and coated with a positive electrode active material including lithium and manganese as indispensable constituents. The electrode unit is mounted in a cell casing as a negative electrode by an insulating assembly. A positive electrode member is made of an aluminum alloy with manganese mixed therewith for increased mechanical strength. Since manganese mixed with the aluminum alloy of the positive electrode member is an indispensable constituent of the positive electrode active material, it does not cause an unwanted chemical reaction such as electrolytic corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising: a battery case; a battery element accommodated in the battery case, the battery element comprising laminations of a first polarity type electrode, a second polarity type electrode and a separator sandwiched between the first polarity type electrode and the second polarity type electrode, the first polarity type electrode comprising a first polarity type collector which is provided with at least a first polarity type electrode active material layer except for a first side region extending along one side of the first polarity type collector, and the second polarity type electrode comprising a second polarity type collector which is provided with at least a second polarity type electrode active material layer except for a second side region extending along one side of the second polarity type collector, the first side region of the first polarity type collector projecting from first side edge of the separator and the second sid