Abstract: A binding device for files and binders in which rings to be inserted into binding holes of an object to be bound are openably and closeably secured to a base plate so as to be opened and closed by an opening-closing mechanism including a rotationally movable lever. In the binding device, a first ring member and a second ring member are configured such that they are interlocked with the opening-closing mechanism including the lever so as to be opened and closed about respective pivot portions and provided in the lower end thereof by rotationally moving the lever. In addition, the first ring member and the second ring member are secured in an opened state when opened, and the lever is secured such that the first ring member and the second ring member are maintained in the opened state.

Abstract: A binding device for files and binders includes rings to be inserted into binding holes of an object to be bound which are openably and closeably secured to a base plate so as to be opened and closed by an opening-closing mechanism including a rotationally movable lever. In the binding device, a first ring member and a second ring member defining the binding rings are configured such that they are interlocked with the opening-closing mechanism including the lever so as to be opened and closed about respective pivot portions provided in the lower end thereof by rotationally moving the lever. The base plate is provided with a lever shaft receiver for pivotally supporting the lever of the opening-closing mechanism, and the lever shaft receiver is formed by punching the base plate and bending the punched portion upwardly.

Abstract: A binding device includes binding rings, a holding member having a length that enables the binding rings to be arranged at a distance from each other, and an operating member movably fixed inside the holding member such that the respective bases of the binding rings are secured onto a surface of the operating member at a distance to secure the binding rings to the holding member. In this binding device, the operating member includes a pair of operating pieces which move within the holding member in a longitudinal direction of the holding member. The base of one of the binding rings is secured to one of the operating piece, and the base of the other binding ring is secured to the other operating piece.

Abstract: The vacuum suction holding apparatus of the present invention has a vacuum duct which is disposed inside a polishing head, with one end of this vacuum duct being opened in the attachment surface and the other end thereof being connected to a vacuum source. A polishing body is held by suction on the attachment surface of the polishing head by sucking air through the vacuum duct. The apparatus further has an orifice which is disposed in the vacuum duct, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor which detect the pressure inside the vacuum duct at positions before and after the orifice, and a judgment device which judges whether or not the polishing body is held by suction on the polishing head on the basis of the pressure difference before and after the orifice detected by these two pressure sensors.

Abstract: When creating other tool path from two tool paths for cutting a work accurately and efficiently, the data on the first tool path is composed of a position vector and a direction vector of a tool for use when the work is cut while moving the tool. The data on the second tool path is composed of a position vector and a direction vector of the tool for use when the work, which has been cut according to the first tool path, is further cut. A computer uses the first tool path data and second tool path data to calculate a position vector and a direction vector of a medium tool path that is between the first tool path and second tool path.

Abstract: A dummy piezoelectric element is disposed at least at one of the ends of an array of piezoelectric vibration elements. A region not including internal electrodes is provided in the vicinity of the outer side surface of the dummy piezoelectric vibration element to be formed. When the outer side surface of the dummy piezoelectric element is cut, a shift of a cutting line from a correct cutting line, which is due to high hardness of the internal electrodes, is minimized.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus of the present invention includes a control panel for allowing an application mode selector an image quality mode to be selected. A reading unit generates a preselected color image signal by reading a document image. A scanner corrector executes image processing with the color image signal in accordance with the application and the image mode selected by on the control panel to thereby generate color image data. A storage stores the image data generated by the scanner corrector and information representative a processing mode based on the application and image mode selected on the control panel. A data compressor/expander selectively compresses or expands the image data. A data format converts the format of the image data stored in the storage in matching relation to the processing mode.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus implements appropriate image processing on image data stored in a storage unit of the image processing apparatus easily and efficiently, and distributes the image data to an external apparatus. An image format conversion-unit implements image processing such as resolution conversion processing, filter processing, ? correction processing, and halftone processing on image data stored in an HDD serving as an image data storage unit so that the image data conform to conditions, such as image quality and format, specified by an external client apparatus. The image-processed image data are then distributed to the external client apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric vibration element unit used for an inkjet recording head. The method includes the steps of alternately laminating conductive layers and piezoelectric material layers, sintering a laminated structure after the conductive layers and the piezoelectric layers are laminated to a predetermined thickness, forming external connection electrodes on surfaces of the sintered structure, and fixing a non-vibration region of the sintered structure onto a fixing plate. A region of the structure where the conductive layers are formed is cut into drive piezoelectric vibration elements, and a region of the structure where the conductive layers are not formed is cut into a dummy piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A binding device includes binding rings, a holding member having a length that enables the binding rings to be arranged at a distance from each other, and an operating member movably fixed inside the holding member such that the respective bases of the binding rings are secured onto a surface of the operating member at a distance to secure the binding rings to the holding member. In this binding device, the operating member is includes a pair of operating pieces which move within the holding member in a longitudinal direction of the holding member. The base of one of the binding rings is secured to one of the operating piece, and the base of the other binding ring is secured to the other operating piece.

Abstract: A detection result indicating whether a document image is copy guarded is generated. Based on the detection result, information contained in the document image is concealed.

Abstract: The vacuum suction holding apparatus of the present invention has a vacuum duct which is disposed inside a polishing head, with one end of this vacuum duct being opened in the attachment surface and the other end thereof being connected to a vacuum source. A polishing body is held by suction on the attachment surface of the polishing head by sucking air through the vacuum duct. The apparatus further has an orifice which is disposed in the vacuum duct, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor which detect the pressure inside the vacuum duct at positions before and after the orifice, and a judgment device which judges whether or not the polishing body is held by suction on the polishing head on the basis of the pressure difference before and after the orifice detected by these two pressure sensors.

Abstract: A numerically controlled curved-surface machining unit equipped with three linearly moving axes and, at least, one rotary axis, including a simultaneous multiple-axis control NC machine numerically controlled by a numerical control unit with a numerical control NURBS interpolation function. The unit enables reading, as CL (cutter location) data, tool control point vector data and tool axis vector data, along a machining direction on a workpiece coordinate system for a curved surface, obtaining feed rates therefor, and calculation by conversion of the CL data into position vectors of three linear axes on a machine coordinate system, rotation angles and feed rates on the machine coordinate system so as to operate the simultaneous multiple-axis control NC machine on the basis of a machine configuration of the simultaneous multiple-axis control NC machine.

Abstract: A driving unit drives an illuminating light. An image pick-up device reads a document in a main-scanning direction. An optical unit projects an image of the document onto the image pick-up device. An extracting unit extracts image signals at a plurality of points in the main-scanning direction of a first position and a second position in a sub-scanning direction. A document detecting unit creates binary data indicating a presence of the document at each of the points based on the image signals extracted. A size detecting unit determines a size of the document in the main-scanning direction based on a distribution of presence and absence of the document.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a generator, a storage, an image data format converter, and a sender. The generator generates print image data for printing an image, based on image data sent from an external device. The storage stores the print image data. The image data format converter converts the print image data into image data in a format handled by an external device. The sender sends the converted image data via an IP (internet protocol) network to the external device. The image data format converter performs one of color space conversion, expansion, compression, resolution conversion, filtering, halftone processing, density gamma conversion, and noise removal in accordance with parameters determined based on at least one of property information of the print image data and property information requested by the external device.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: a reading unit that obtains image data by reading a document through a reading glass; a detecting unit that detects a dirty place on the reading glass; a determining unit that determines a type of each area in the image data; an edge enhancing unit that applies an edge enhancement to each area based on the type determined; and a control unit that controls, when the type of an area determined is a text area, and when the area overlaps the dirty place detected, an amount of the edge enhancement for the area.

Abstract: An image processing system connects a plurality of clients to an image processing apparatus via a network. The image processing apparatus includes a reading device that reads an image of an original document and generates a prescribed image signal, an image data generating device that applies prescribed image processing to the image signal to generate image data, and a memory that stores the image data. A format converting device is provided to convert an image format of the image data selected from the memory by one of plurality of client apparatuses into a prescribed format in accordance with a format condition designated by the client apparatus. A delivering device is provided to deliver the image data to the client apparatus in the prescribed format.

Abstract: The image processing apparatus includes a reader, a printer image generator, a storage device, and a data format converter. The reader reads an original image into original image data. The printer image generator generates printer image data corresponding to the original image data in a device specific format. The storage device stores the printer image data in the device specific format. The data format converter converts the printer image data from the device specific format to a standard format.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for applying a uniform polishing pressure on a wafer are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a chemical mechanical planarization polishing apparatus includes a polishing pad, a wafer holder, and a force control system. The wafer holder supports a wafer to be polished using the polishing pad. The polishing pad is arranged to move relative to the wafer holder such that an area of contact between the wafer holder and the polishing pad varies. The force control system including a controller and a plurality of actuators that apply forces to the polishing pad. The controller controls the forces as the area of contact varies to substantially maintain a first polishing pressure on the wafer arranged to be supported by the wafer holder.

Abstract: A numerically controlled curved-surface machining unit comprises a component converting matrix·angle-addition value forming function of converting CL (cutter location) data into components on a normal coordinate system on the basis of the machine configuration of the simultaneous multiple-axis control NC machine, a component converting function of converting from the workpiece coordinate system to the normal coordinate system, a function of forming second angles of a second rotary axis on the normal coordinate system, a compensating function of forming a continuous angle distribution from a distribution of the second angles, a function of forming first angles of a first rotary axis on a coordinate system rotated by the second angles at the second rotary axis, a compensating function of forming a continuous angle distribution from a distribution of the first angles, a machine coordinate transformation matrix forming function of obtaining a matrix for converting the tool control point vectors on the workpiece c