Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device having sharp contrast and excellent viewing angle characteristics is provided without increased complicated processes such as microfabrication for a common electrode or without the necessity for highly sophisticated laminating technology. The multi-domain liquid crystal display device is composed of a control electrode connected to a source terminal being one of terminals of a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) serving as a switching device, a picture electrode having an aperture section provided with one coupling capacitor connected between the pixel electrode and the control electrode, wherein a partial voltage of a signal voltage is applied to the pixel electrode through the other coupling capacitor.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes (a) a first substrate, (b) a second substrate spaced away from and facing the first substrate, (c) a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, (d) a transistor formed on the first substrate, (e) a wiring layer formed on the first substrate and electrically connected to the transistor, (f) a reflection electrode formed on the first substrate, an external incident light being reflected at the reflection electrode towards a viewer, and (g) a compensation layer formed directly on the wiring layer. The reflection electrode does not cover the wiring layer therewith, and the compensation layer has almost the same height as a height of the reflection electrode, the height being measured from a surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising a first substrate 101 having a color filter, a second substrate 131 and a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween, a color filter layer 110 is disposed on a protection film 108 of a thin film transistor formed on the first substrate 101 so as to be partitioned by a light shielding portion 111, and a common electrode 103 is disposed thereon. A pixel electrode to be connected to a source electrode 107 is disposed through a through hole formed in an overcoat layer (interlayer separation film) 112. On the first substrate below the color filter layer 110 are provided plural scan signal electrodes, plural video signal electrodes crossing the scan signal electrodes in a matrix form, plural thin film transistors formed in association with the crossing points between the electrodes.

Abstract: In a reflective liquid crystal display comprising a first insulative plate having a reflector, a second insulative plate having a transparent electrode, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the reflector and the transparent electrode, a convex-concave surface is provided at the side of the second insulative plate. With this arrangement, a desired light scattering characteristics is realized with a high image quality and a high brightness, with neither a fuzziness of displayed characters nor a double image. On the other hand, since no thin film transistor is formed at the side of the second insulative plate, the convex-concave surface can be simply formed with no necessity of depositing an insulative film covering the thin film transistor and patterning the deposit insulating film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light reflection plate provided on a substrate included in a reflective liquid crystal display device. The light reflection plate comprises the following elements. Convex patterns are shaped in random and formed on the substrate. The convex patterns have side walls defining apertures, bottoms of which are defined by the substrate. At least a light reflective film is made of a conductive material and continuously extending over the convex patterns and within the apertures to have the light reflective film possess a rough surface comprising convex and concave portions which have random sizes in relation to the convex patterns.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display apparatus reflective plate includes embodiments with a full-width at half maximum value in a distribution graph of distances between adjacent projecting or recessed portions with an average of the distances between the adjacent projecting or recessed portions within 0.3 to 0.9; an average of distances between adjacent projecting or recessed portions within 1 &mgr;m to 80 &mgr;m; a full-width at half maximum value in a distribution graph of heights of projecting or recessed portions with an average of the heights falling within 0.2 to 0.9; a maximum height of corrugations on a surface of the reflective plate within 0.1 &mgr;m to 5 &mgr;m; and a region having a horizontal inclination angle of 0° occupying 20% or less of an entire region inside the surface of the pixel electrode and also with an average inclination angle of corrugations in the entire region is 50 to 10° in all azimuths on the pixel electrode as the reflective plate.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display apparatus including two electrodes and a twisted-mode type liquid crystal layer inserted between the electrodes, an electric field in the liquid crystal layer between the electrodes is changed within one pixel, when a voltage is applied between the electrodes.

Abstract: In a reflective liquid crystal display comprising a first insulative plate having a reflector, a second insulative plate having a transparent electrode, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the reflector and the transparent electrode, a convex-concave surface is provided at the side of the second insulative plate. With this arrangement, a desired light scattering characteristics is realized with a high image quality and a high brightness, with neither a fuzziness of displayed characters nor a double image. On the other hand, since no thin film transistor is formed at the side of the second insulative plate, the convex-concave surface can be simply formed with no necessity of depositing an insulating film covering the thin film transistor and patterning the deposited insulating film.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display apparatus including two electrodes and a twisted-mode type liquid crystal layer inserted between the electrodes, an electric field in the liquid crystal layer between the electrodes is changed within one pixel, when a voltage is applied between the electrodes.

Abstract: In a reflective liquid crystal display comprising a first insulative plate having a reflector, a second insulative plate having a transparent electrode, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the reflector and the transparent electrode, a convex-concave surface is provided at the side of the second insulative plate. With this arrangement, a desired light scattering characteristics is realized with a high image quality and a high brightness, with neither a fuzziness of displayed characters nor a double image. On the other hand, since no thin film transistor is formed at the side of the second insulative plate, the convex-concave surface can be simply formed with no necessity of depositing an insulating film covering the thin film transistor and patterning the deposited insulating film.

Abstract: In a reflective liquid crystal display comprising a first insulative plate having a reflector, a second insulative plate having a transparent electrode, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the reflector and the transparent electrode, a convex-concave surface is provided at the side of the second insulative plate. With this arrangement, a desired light scattering characteristics is realized with a high image quality and a high brightness, with neither a fuzziness of displayed characters nor a double image. On the other hand, since no thin film transistor is formed at the side of the second insulative plate, the convex-concave surface can be simply formed with no necessity of depositing an insulating film covering the thin film transistor and patterning the deposited insulating film.

Abstract: First two or more layers are formed on the substrate, the layers having different etching rates such that the etching rates ascend from a bottom layer to a top layer. Second, a mask pattern is formed on the surface of the layers, the mask pattern comprising a plurality of islands each having a predetermined shape. Finally, isotropic etching is performed on the surface of the layers until a desired convex shape is formed on the surface of the layers. The desired convex shape on the surface of the layers is determined by the etching rate ratios of the layers. The etching rate of each layer is controlled by layer formation conditions such as a curing temperature for organic materials, and a flow rate ratio of source gases for inorganic materials.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a cathode ray tube wherein trimming cleaning of an inner wall of a skirt portion of a panel is performed in a non-contacting condition to prevent splashing of water and trimming cleaning of panels of different sizes can be performed. A rotational position signal is detected in response to rotation of a panel, and while the distance between a cleaning nozzle and an inner wall of a skirt portion of the panel is kept constant in response to such rotational position signal, cleaning liquid is supplied through the cleaning nozzle to clean the inner wall of the skirt portion of the panel.