Abstract: A toner for use in the development of electrostatic latent images contains colored particles including at least a binder resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive. An average circularity of the toner is 0.975 or more; a median of arithmetic average height distribution of the toner is 0.05 ?m or more and not more than 0.12 ?m; and a fluctuation of arithmetic average height is not more than 35. Preferably, a value of 90% accumulation of the arithmetic average height distribution of the toner is less than 0.15 ?m; and a fluctuation of number average particle size and a fluctuation of circularity of the toner are not more than 25 and not more than 2.5, respectively. The electrostatic latent image developer contains the foregoing toner and a carrier, and the image forming method uses the foregoing toner or the, foregoing developer.

Abstract: High basicity melt flux for submerged arc welding use which is used when preparing high strength weld metal and gives sound, high toughness weld metal free of top slag-in is provided. The melt flux for submerged arc welding use which is used when welding the seams of UO pipe for pipeline use having a tensile strength of a base material of 800 MPa to 1200 MPa is melt flux for submerged arc welding use characterized by containing, by mass%, CaO: 5.0% to 25.0%, MgO: 1.0% to 5.0%, Al2O3: over 15.0% to 30.0%, CaF2: 30.0% to 50.0%, SiO2: 10.0% to 20.0%, and MnO: 0.5% to 15.0% and having a basicity B of 1.2 to 3.2.

Abstract: An electrostatic-image-developing toner includes a phosphonic acid based sequestering agent.

Abstract: There is provided a risk-free and easy-to-use battery pack using battery cells 1 as a secondary battery, in which internal gases evaporated by applying overvoltage or the like thereto are processed inside a case to be prevented from leaking to the outside of the case and thereby even if the case has been led to rise in pressure due to a thermorunaway of the battery, the case is free from breaking. To realize this performance, the battery pack 10 is provided with a battery cell housing 17 for housing lithium cells 1 and a gas processor 15 for liquefying the internal gases g generated from the lithium cells 1.

Abstract: A toner for development of an electrostatic image includes at least a crystalline polyester resin and a colorant. The toner shows a dielectric loss index ?? of 0.1 or less at 0.1 Hz and 500 V at 30° C. and 90% RH.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising at least a core layer including at least a coloring agent and a first binder resin, and a shell layer for covering the core layer and including a second binder resin, wherein two local maximum values of the tangent loss (tan ?) of the dynamic visco-elasticity are present in a temperature range of 90° C. or less, with one of the local maximum values present in a range of less than 60° C., and the other local maximum value present in a range of 60° C. or more and 90° C. or less. Moreover, a production method for the toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image, using the toner, and an image forming method are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner for electrostatic image development having at least a binder resin and a colorant and having an existence ratio of an IA Group element, from which hydrogen is excluded, measured by XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) in a range of about 0.03 to 1.0 atom % and a total of existence ratios of an IIA Group element, an IIIB Group element and an IVB Group element, from which carbon is excluded, measured by XPS in a range of about 0.05 to 2.0 atom %. The invention further provides an electrostatic image developer having at least a carrier and the toner, and an image forming method including at least developing an electrostatic latent image with a developer containing at least the toner to form a toner image.

Abstract: A method and device for safety protection of a secondary battery capable of preventing smoking and ignition thereof. A lithium cell 1 as a chargeable and dischargeable secondary battery, a protection circuit 11 for shutting down charging power Pc at the time of overcurrent, overvoltage, etc., and an electric power restriction circuit 20 for limiting the charging power Pc input to the lithium cell 1 are incorporated into a battery pack 10. A battery charger 12, equipped with a stabilized electric source 13 and a charging circuit 14, inputting the charging power Pc to the lithium cell 1, is connected to a previous stage of the battery pack 10. The electric power restriction circuit 20 limits the charging power Pc within a boundary value Pmax of a safety operation region for safely using the lithium cell 1, thereby permitting the lithium cell 1 to operate safely under any conditions.

Abstract: A power supply control device for controlling power supply to a pair of terminals to which a load is connected, comprising a voltage measuring part for measuring a voltage which has a predetermined relationship with the voltage of the pair of terminals, a short circuit detecting part for detecting whether a short circuit exists between the pair of terminals based on the measured voltage and for making power supply to the pair of terminals stop when existence of a short circuit is detected, and a constant current supplying part for supplying a constant current though the pair of terminals; wherein the short circuit detecting part is configured to detect that the previously detected short circuit is eliminated when the voltage measured by the voltage measuring part is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value upon supplying the constant current through the pair of terminals.

Abstract: A number of cells can be determined before control for a battery without providing cell number setting and input means. The cell number determination device comprises voltage measuring units that select an “i”th cell among cells that are connected in series and that configure a battery, and that measure a voltage value between a terminal in which the “i”th cell and an (i?1)th cell, which is in one location higher than the “i”th cell, are connected and a ground potential line, voltage comparators that determine an existence, nonexistence or normality of the cells by comparing a voltage value of an (i+1)th cell that is in one location lower than the “i”th cell with the voltage value of the “i”th cell measured by the voltage measuring units and a cell number determination unit that determines a number of assembled cells and normal cells and cell assembled locations in the battery.

Abstract: A reusable period of a battery can be maintained for a long time by recharging while avoiding abnormal heating of the battery due to over discharge. A battery protection circuit comprises a control part that cuts off a discharge switch which is a discharge path to a load for a battery when a voltage value of the battery is equal to or less than a first threshold value, or when the voltage value of the battery is less than the first threshold value, wherein the control part cuts off a power switch as a power supply path to the control part itself when the voltage value of the battery is equal to or less than a second threshold value, or when the voltage value of the battery is less than the second threshold value which is lower than the first threshold value.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes: an amorphous polyester resin; a crystalline polyester resin; and a releasing agent, an amount of the releasing agent in the toner being from 5 to 15% by weight; an amount of the releasing agent present at a surface of the toner being from 10 to 35% by weight; and the toner showing at least one endothermic peak in each of a temperature range from 45 to 60° C., a temperature range from 65 to 80° C., and a temperature range from 85 to 100° C. in a temperature-rise process of differential scanning calorimetry of the toner.

Abstract: An electrostatic-image-developing toner includes a binder resin; a colorant; a releasing agent having a melting temperature of from about 70° C. to about 100° C.; and an ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.

Abstract: Si—Si bond-bearing compounds are effectively prepared by irradiating with radiation or heating Si—H group-bearing silicon compounds in organic solvents in the presence of iron complex catalysts. The Si—Si bond-bearing compounds are useful as a base material in photoresist compositions, ceramic precursor compositions, and conductive compositions.

Abstract: A method of obtaining uniform and independent random numbers is given (a) comprising two distinct odd primes p1, p2 that give mutually coprime integers q1=(p1?1)/2 and q2=(p2?1)/2 with different parity to form the modulus d=p1p2; (b) comprising primitive roots z1, z2 of primes p1, p2, respectively, giving congruence relations z?zj mod (pj) for j=1, 2 that determine the multiplier z; and (c) comprising the initial value n coprime with d=p1p2. The method generates the coset sequence n<z>={r1=n, r2, r3, . . . } of period T=2q1q2 recursively by rj+1=zrj mod (d) for j=1, 2, . . . in the reduced residue class group Z*d, giving {v1=r1/d, v2=r2/d, . . . } for output.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic image development comprising a binder resin and a colorant, the toner having a content of an aluminum element with respect to carbon of approximately 0.005 atm % to approximately 0.02 atm % as measured by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy.

Abstract: An electrostatic-image-developing toner includes a phosphonic acid based sequestering agent.

Abstract: There is provided a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image including a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent, wherein the content ratio of particles having a number particle diameter of 4.5 ?m or more and less than 7.5 ?m and a circularity degree of 0.980 or more is in a range from about 5 number % to about 15 number %, and the content ratio of particles having a number particle diameter of not 7.5 ?m or more and less than 15 ?m and a circularity degree of 0.900 or more and less than 0.940 is about 5 number % or less.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image is provided, which contains at least a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent, the releasing agent, has an endothermic peak temperature measured by a differential scanning calorimeter of from 60 to 100° C., and an endothermic amount a of the releasing agent per unit weight (J/g) at temperatures equal to or lower than a glass transition onset temperature of the binder resin measured by a differential scanning calorimeter, a total endothermic amount b of the releasing agent per unit weight (J/g) and a volume average particle diameter c(?m) of the toner has the relationship: 0.05?(a/b)×c?0.6.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic toner, which includes a binder resin and a colorant, wherein, with a total intensity (kcps) of all elements detected in the toner due to fluorescent X-ray measurement designated as A and an intensity of nitrogen designated as B, B/A is from about 0.01 to about 0.5, and a ratio of nitrogen measured by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry after ion etching at an accelerating voltage of 10 mV for 180 seconds is from about 0.1 atom % to about 7.5 atom %.