Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner including, as a binder resin, a crystalline resin and at least one kind of non-crystalline resin, wherein, in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement by a sine wave vibration method, a minimum value of the relaxation elasticity H in a relaxation spectrum obtained from frequency dispersion characteristics measured at temperatures of 60 and 80 degrees centigrade with a measurement frequency set in the range of 0.1 to 100 rad/sec and measurement strain set in the range of 0.02 to 4.5% is in the range of 10 to 900 Pa/cm2, and a relaxation time ? corresponding to the minimum value is in the range of 1 to 10,000 sec.

Abstract: There is provided an uninterruptible power supply system capable of preventing life shortening of a lithium-ion secondary battery attributable to its overcharge over the whole period of its use. At the start of use of the lithium-ion secondary battery 22, a charging voltage is set comparatively low. On the other hand, as the lithium-ion secondary battery 22 comes closer to an end of its life, its charging voltage becomes higher. A charging control means 37 variably sets the charging voltage applied to the lithium-ion secondary battery 22 so as to realize a discharge duration thereof may become slightly longer than a backup time required for the system and hence life shortening of the lithium-ion secondary battery 22 attributable to overcharge can be prevented.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic image development comprising a binder resin and a colorant, the toner having a content of an aluminum element with respect to carbon of approximately 0.005 atm % to approximately 0.02 atm % as measured by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner for electrostatic image development having at least a binder resin and a colorant and having an existence ratio of an IA Group element, from which hydrogen is excluded, measured by XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) in a range of about 0.03 to 1.0 atom % and a total of existence ratios of an IIA Group element, an IIIB Group element and an IVB Group element, from which carbon is excluded, measured by by XPS in a range of about 0.05 to 2.0 atom %. The invention further provides an electrostatic image developer having at least a carrier and the toner, and an image forming method including at least developing an electrostatic latent image with a developer containing at least the toner to form a toner image.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner contains a resin, a colorant and a releasing agent. The releasing agent has a solidifying point of from 79° C. to 109° C., and one peak in an endothermic curve measured by a differential scanning calorimeter. A difference between temperature to give a maximum endothermic peak of the releasing agent and an end-set temperature of the releasing agent is within 10° C. A melt viscosity of the releasing agent at 110° C. is in a range of from 4 mPa·s to 9 mPa·s. The releasing agent in one particle of the toner forms 3 or more domains. Domains having a ratio of a major axis to a minor axis which is in a range of from 5 to 15 occupy 90% or more by number based on the total number of domains.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising of: toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent; wherein a volume-average particle diameter of the toner particles is in a range of about 5 to 8 ?m; an average of shape factor SF1 of the toner particles is in a range of about 125 to 140; and an arithmetical mean undulation height of the surface of the toner particles at the 90% point on the cumulative distribution curve is in a range of about 0.15 to 0.25 ?m. Further, the present invention provides an electrostatic latent image developer containing the toner. The invention also provides a method for producing the toner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for electrostatic charge development comprising an amorphous polyester resin, a releasing agent, and magnetic metal particles covered with a resin the main component of which is a crystalline polyester resin.

Abstract: Semiconductor elements composing a semiconductor device are formed on a semiconductor substrate. Wirings composed of copper or an alloy mainly composed of copper are formed in wiring layers through interlayer insulation films to connect the semiconductor elements to each other. When the wirings are formed, a temperature of the wirings is held in a first temperature zone covering ±40° C. of a temperature at which a stress migration is most accelerated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for electrophotography having a capsule structure including a core and a shell that covers the core, wherein the core contains a colorant, a releasing agent, an amorphous resin, and a block polymer containing a crystalline part and an amorphous part, the weight-average molecular weight of the block polymer is 10,000 or more, the weight-average molecular weight of the resin used in formation of the amorphous part of the block polymer is 1000 to 5000, and the weight-average molecular weight of the resin used in formation of the crystalline part of the block polymer is at least 2 times the weight-average molecular weight of the resin used in formation of the amorphous part of the block polymer, a method of manufacturing the same, a developer for electrophotography including the toner and a carrier, and an image forming method using the developer for electrophotography.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner for developing electrostatic latent images containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, a releasing agent, and a graft polymer that has been made by graft polymerization of a resin matrix and a macromonomer including at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and a pyrolidonyl group, and a production method thereof. The invention further provides an electrostatic latent image developer using the toner, an image forming method using the toner, and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: Semiconductor elements composing a semiconductor device are formed on a semiconductor substrate. Wirings composed of copper or an alloy mainly composed of copper are formed in wiring layers through interlayer insulation films to connect the semiconductor elements to each other. When the wirings are formed, a temperature of the wirings is held in a first temperature zone covering ±40° C. of a temperature at which a stress migration is most accelerated.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic toner, comprising a binder resin containing a coloring agent, a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin, wherein the crystalline resin has two or more peaks in weight-average molecular weight as determined by gel permeation chromatography, one of the peaks has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 15,000 to 40,000, and another peak has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 2,000 to 10,000 and a production method thereof, and an electrophotographic developer and an image-forming process using the electrophotographic toner.

Abstract: The invention provides a color image forming method including charging, developing, transferring and fixing. The fixing includes thermally fixing a toner image to paper by using a heating body and a pressurizing member which is positioned opposite to the heating body via a film-like member. The color toner includes a toner particle containing a crystalline resin and a non-crystalline resin. When the color toner is subjected to dynamic viscoelasticity measurement employing a sine wave vibration method, a minimum value of the relaxation elasticity H in a relaxation spectrum obtained from frequency dispersion characteristics when a measurement frequency measured at 60 and 80° C. is 0.1 to 100 rad/sec and a measurement strain at a frequency of 6.28 rad/sec is 0.1 %, is in a range of about 10 to 900 Pa/cm2. A relaxation time ? corresponding to the minimum value is in a range of about 1 to 10,000 sec.

Abstract: Provided are a toner for developing an electrostatic image comprising a crystalline resin having an ester bond and at least one of a sulfide bond or a disulfide bond in the main-chain, an electrostatic image developer and an image-forming process by using the same, a method of producing the toner for developing electrostatic image, and a resin particle dispersion using the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image-forming method, including pseudo-halftone-processing an input signal corresponding to image information to generate an output signal; irradiating a radiation beam corresponding to the output signal onto a latent image-holding member to form a latent image; developing the latent image with a developer including a toner containing a binder resin and a colorant to form a toner image on the latent image-holding member; transferring the toner image onto a recording medium; and fixing the toner image on the recording medium to form an image, wherein: when a halftone image is formed as the image, the toner image formed on the latent image-holding member is composed of plural toner aggregates scattered like dots on the latent image-holding member; the diameter of the radiation beam irradiated onto the latent image-holding member is 35 ?m or more; the pseudo-halftone processing results in the toner aggregates, which have been transferred onto the recording medium, having uneven

Abstract: Provided is a toner for electrostatic charge image developing, comprising a core layer which contains a first binder resin and a coloring agent, and a shell layer which contains a second binder resin and covers the core layer, characterized in that the following equation (1) and the following equation (2) are satisfied, 2.0×105?G?(60)?4.0×106 ??Equation (1) 10?G?(60)/G?(80)?40 ??Equation (2) wherein, in the equation (1) and the equation (2), G?(60) represents a storage elastic modulus (Pa) of the toner for electrostatic charge image developing measured under the conditions of a temperature of 60° C., a vibration frequency of 6.28 rad/sec, and a strain amount of 0.01 to 0.5%, and G?(80) represents a storage elastic modulus (Pa) of the toner for electrostatic charge image developing measured under the conditions of a temperature of 80° C., a vibration frequency of 6.28 rad/sec, and a strain amount of 0.01 to 0.5%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising at least a core layer including at least a coloring agent and a first binder resin, and a shell layer for covering the core layer and including a second binder resin, wherein two local maximum values of the tangent loss (tan ?) of the dynamic visco-elasticity are present in a temperature range of 90° C. or less, with one of the local maximum values present in a range of less than 60° C., and the other local maximum value present in a range of 60° C. or more and 90° C. or less. Moreover, a production method for the toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image, using the toner, and an image forming method are provided.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner including, as a binder resin, a crystalline resin and at least one kind of non-crystalline resin, wherein, in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement by a sine wave vibration method, a minimum value of the relaxation elasticity H in a relaxation spectrum obtained from frequency dispersion characteristics measured at temperatures of 60 and 80 degrees centigrade with a measurement frequency set in the range of 0.1 to 100 rad/sec and measurement strain set in the range of 0.02 to 4.5% is in the range of 10 to 900 Pa/cm2, and a relaxation time ? corresponding to the minimum value is in the range of 1 to 10,000 sec.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image includes a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent. The releasing agent contains a hydrocarbon component including a linear hydrocarbon component, and the liner hydrocarbon component has a carbon number distribution and an average carbon number N. An amount of a component having a carbon number of from N?4 to N+4 in the releasing agent is 80% by mass or more based on the total mass of the hydrocarbon component of the releasing agent. An amount of a component having a carbon number of N?10 or less in the releasing agent is 0.05% by mass or less based on the total mass of the hydrocarbon component of the releasing agent, and an amount of a component having a carbon number of N+10 or more in the releasing agent is 0.05% by mass or less based on the total mass of the hydrocarbon component of the releasing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a virtual-space providing apparatus, which is connected to a user terminal via a network, and which provides the user terminal with various kinds of services through a three-dimensional virtual space created in the network, the virtual-space providing apparatus includes a virtual room providing server for imitating a real room of a user using the user terminal, and for providing the virtual room, which can be browsed using the user terminal connected via the network, on the three-dimensional virtual space; virtual store providing server for providing the user terminal connected via the network with the virtual store, the virtual store selling virtual commodities imitating real commodities, on the three-dimensional virtual space; and a benefit-information transmitting medium, wherein, when the user purchases a virtual commodity in the virtual store provided by the virtual store providing server using the user terminal, benefit information showing benefit of purchasing the virtual commodity is tran