Abstract: A front drive vehicle is provided with a four-wheel steering system and a traction control system. A control system for the vehicle detects whether a failure occurs in the traction control system, and causes the rear wheel turning mechanism to turn the rear wheels according to corrected rear wheel turning characteristics when it is determined that a failure occurs in the traction control system. The corrected rear wheel turning characteristics are shifted toward the reverse phase side with respect to the original rear wheel turning characteristics.

Abstract: An anti-fogging resin film-forming composition, comprising a block or graft copolymer and a surfactant, each of which block and graft copolymers consists of a hydrophilic polymer segment and a hydrophobic polymer segment having specifically limited monomer compositions, is disclosed. A coating film formed on a matrix surface from the composition has a durable excellent anti-fogging property and having high adhesion to the matrix surface and high strength.

Abstract: The posture of the automotive vehicle body is controlled by supplying or discharging the operating fluid to or from the cylinder unit for each wheel, which is interposed between a sprang weight and an unsprung weight. When an incident occurs to such an extent that the control over the posture of the vehicle body cannot be implemented in a normal way, the control is suspended. When such an incident occurs during cornering of the vehicle body, the suspension of the control over the posture of the body is so modified as to implement a special control, preferably control being made so as to lower the vehicle height by forcibly discharging the operating fluid from the cylinder unit. This prevents the vehicle body from being leaned after the end of the cornering. A decision as to cornering is made by taking advantage of the state of operation of the steering wheel or the magnitude of transverse acceleration.

Abstract: A four-wheel-steered vehicle provided with a slip control mechanism which has a slip ratio sensor for detecting the slip ratio of the wheels and controls slip of wheels of the vehicle when the slip ratio of the wheels reaches a first preset value. The four-wheel steering mechanism turns the rear wheels according to first rear wheel turning characteristics in response to turning of the front wheels when the slip ratio of the wheels is smaller than a second preset value which is smaller than the first preset value and turns the rear wheels according to second rear wheel turning characteristics when the slip ratio reaches the second preset value.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photographic film package for steroscopic photography, wherein a plurality of images of the same subject are taken simultaneously through a corresponding number of taking lenses disposed horizontally side by side at a given distance from each other. Behind the respective taking lenses, exposure chambers and exposure frames for defining the respective exposure areas on the film surface are formed. The exposure frames are each gently curved, and a guide surface for supporting the rear surface of the film is curved complementarily to the exposure frames. Pressing members formed in the guide surface press the film against the end surfaces of walls separating the exposure frames, so as to curve the film along the exposure frames. The film is thus wavy, with forwardly concave film portions in the exposure frames alternating with rearwardly concave film portions between the exposure frames.

Abstract: A still image processing method which can execute the effective flowing process is provided. In this method, when the flowing process is executed by shifting some or all of the pixels constituting a still image of one image plane in a predetermined direction, if no image information to be shifted exists at the first image position, the image information from elsewhere in the image plane is shifted to the second image position. The image information at the second image position is obtained by shifting the image information in the image plane in the direction opposite to the principal shifting direction.

Abstract: A vehicle control system includes an active suspension mechanism for providing a rolling property of a vehicle in a cornering operation of the vehicle and a suspension control device for controlling the vehicle in accordance with the rolling property provided by the active suspension mechanism and changing from one rolling property to another. A rear wheel steering mechanism steers a rear wheel in connection with steering of a front wheel, and a steering control device controls the steering of the rear wheel in accordance with a predetermined steering property and changes the steering property for the rear wheel. One of the steering property and the rolling property is changed in synchronism with a change in the other of the steering property and the rolling property.

Abstract: A rear wheel steering system of a four wheel steering vehicle comprising a rear wheel steering mechanism for steering a rear wheel, an urging device for urging a rear wheel toward a neutral position of the rear wheel, a motor connected with the rear wheel steering mechanism for providing the rear wheel with steering force against resilient force of the urging device, a clutch for transmitting a driving force of the motor to the rear wheel steering mechanism, steering position detector for detecting a steered position of the rear wheels, control unit for receiving a signal from the steering position detector and for forming a motor control signal by which the motor is controlled to steer the rear wheel. The steering position detector has at least three detectors for detecting a steered position of the rear wheel.

Abstract: A rear wheel steering device for a vehicle which is provided with a rear wheel steering shaft which steers rear wheels by its displacement, a neutrally holding means which constantly biases the rear wheel steering shaft to the neutral position, a motor which is linked with the rear wheel steering shaft and changes the steering angle ratio which is a ratio of the rear wheel steering angle to the front wheel steering angle by displacing the rear wheel steering shaft and an oil pressure assist means which assists displacement of the rear wheel steering shaft by the motor by oil pressure force. This device is further provided with oil pressure supply means which supplies oil pressure to the oil pressure assist means and oil pressure control means which, when working the motor at the initial check, controls the oil pressure supply means to make the oil pressure assist means supply oil pressure to the oil pressure assist means before working of the motor.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photographic film package has a talking lens, a shutter and a film advancing mechanism incorporated therein and is loaded with film. The taking lens is disposed at the upper side of a casing of the film package and a first mirror is disposed behind the taking lens. A second mirror is disposed below the taking lens inside the casing. A Z-shaped exposure light path is thus formed by the first and second mirrors. On the inner wall surface of an exposure chamber for conducting the exposure light, there are formed a number of ridges extending in a direction parallel to the path of travel of the exposure light which reduce internal reflection within the exposure chamber. The mirrors are pressed by respective mirror hold-down members from the outside against respective mirror frames, and the mirror hold-down members are shaded with respective shading covers from ambient light.

Abstract: A four-wheel steering system includes a front wheel turning mechanism which turns the front wheels in response to the turning of the steering wheel, a rear wheel turning mechanism which turns the rear wheels in response to the turning of the steering wheel, and a power steering mechanism. The rear wheel turning mechanism changes the rear wheel turning angle ratio, which is the ratio of the rear wheel turning angle to the front wheel turning angle, on the basis of predetermined rear wheel turning angle ratio characteristic curves. The assisting force of the power steering mechanism is changed when the rear wheel turning mechanism fails.

Abstract: A system having a motor operatively connected to a steering system for reducing the steering effect is provided with a steering torque sensor for detecting steering torque in the steering system during a steering operation, an alternator output level sensor for detecting the output level of an engine driven alternator, and an ignition key switch sensor. In response to the output signal of the steering torque sensor, an assist signal is provided. In response to the output level of the alternator output level sensor and the position of the ignition key switch, an engine stall condition is detected. When engine stall occurs, the output torque of the motor is controlled in response to the assist signal for a predetermined period.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photographic film package includes a light-tight film case with a taking lens fitted thereto, an empty film container enclosed in the light-tight film case, and a rolled film with its one end retained in the empty film container enclosed in the light-tight film case. The light-tight film case is provided with a portion openable to form an opening in the light-tight film case through which the film container, e.g. a standard film patrone having a spool, is removed in an axial direction.

Abstract: The rear wheel steering device for a vehicle includes a rear wheel steering shaft for interconnecting left and right rear wheels and a transmission mechanism for transmitting an output from the electric motor to the rear wheel steering shaft through a clutch. Further, a stopper member is disposed between the electric motor and the clutch of the transmission mechanism to restrict a relative displacement of constituent members of the transmission mechanism, and thereby preventing an excessive rotation of the electric motor exceeding a fixed level. With the arrangement, an uncontrollable rotation of the electric motor can be reliably prevented and an disengagement operation of the clutch can be carried out without any trouble.

Abstract: A power-steering system for a vehicle includes a steering wheel which turns the front wheels, a power cylinder device which assists the steering wheel in turning the front wheels, a vehicle speed sensor which detects the vehicle speed, and a control unit which controls the power cylinder device so that the assisting force with which the power cylinder device assists the steering wheel is reduced with increase in the vehicle speed. The control unit has a reverse gear sensor which detects when the transmission of the vehicle is in reverse, and reduces the assisting force with increase in the vehicle speed at a higher rate when the vehicle runs rearward than when the vehicle runs forward.

Abstract: A slave electronic flash unit is removably mounted on a camera having a built-in electronic flash device and generates an auxiliary flash when a part of the flash generated by the built-in electronic flash device is directly detected by a photosensor. A slave electronic flash unit used in combination with a camera of a variable focal length can be flashed only when the camera is set to a telephotography mode in which an exposure is made that would otherwise be under-exposed.

Abstract: A rear wheel steering device for a vehicle has a steering control mechanism which steers rear wheels of the vehicle on the following formula:TG.theta..sub.R =-K.sub.F .multidot..theta..sub.F +K.sub.R .multidot.V.multidot..psi.whereTG.theta..sub.R : target steering angle of rear wheels.theta..sub.F : steering angle of front wheelsV: vehicle speed.theta.: yaw rateK.sub.F, K.sub.R : coefficients determined by the properties of vehicle.To achieve slip angle .beta.=0, the device further includes a vehicle condition detecting mechanism which detects various conditions of the vehicle, and a changing mechanism being connected with the steering control mechanism and the vehicle condition detecting mechanism for changing at least one of the coefficients K.sub.F, K.sub.R based on the conditions of the vehicle.

Abstract: A rear wheel turning mechanism in a four wheel steering system includes a rear wheel turning rod which is connected to the rear wheels of the vehicle and is adapted such that it can be displaced and thereby turn the rear wheels. An electric motor is operatively connected to the rear wheel turning rod and the steering wheel and displaces the rear wheel turning rod, thereby causing the rear wheels to turn in response to operation of the steering wheel. A rear-wheel-neutralizing spring urges the rear wheel turning rod to the neutral position in which the rear wheels are held in the straight-ahead position. A pair of clutches are interposed in series between the electric motor and the rear wheel turning rod and are adapted such that they disconnect the latter from the former, which permits the latter to return to the neutral position under the force of the rear-wheel-neutralizing spring.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photographic film package has at least an unexposed rolled film, a taking lens, a film transportiong mechanism, an exposure mechanism and an electronic flash as a whole contained in a light-tight case. The light-tight case comprises a main case section formed with a chamber containing therein light-tightly the unexposed rolled film and a front cover section attached to the main case section, the front cover section being formed with at least one opening for partially receiving therein a member of at least one of the mechanisms mounted on the main case section projecting beyond a plane defined by surfaces of the main case section in contact with an inner surface of the front cover section when the front cover section is securely attached to the main case section. The electronic flash unit is short-circuited to maintain the condenser of the flash unit discharged until the rolled film has been loaded in the light-tight case, so as to prevent accidental flashing that would expose the film.