Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical test apparatus includes a photodetector and a processing circuit. The photodetector outputs, as a light receiving signal, information concerning a light direction of received light. The processing circuit processes the light receiving signal to acquire information concerning a standard light direction as a standard and information concerning a passing light direction of passed light which has passed through an object; compares the information concerning the passing light direction with the information concerning the standard light direction, and on the basis of results of the comparison, acquires information concerning internal physical quantities of the object.

Abstract: Compositions consisting of bioactive molecules derived from the microbiota of a mammal are provided herein. When administered orally with a colonic delivery system, the compositions are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, in particular inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious diseases. The compositions comprise combinations of small molecules and bacterial antigens formulated in colonic delivery systems. Use of the compositions results in any or all of: induction of immune tolerance; strengthening of the gut mucosal barrier integrity; reduction of inflammation; and amelioration of a disease state caused by inflammation, an autoimmune reaction or an infectious agent.

Abstract: A powder convergence improves without varying the flow velocity and powder density of a powder flow. A processing nozzle includes an inner cone including a beam path that passes light from a light source, an outer cone arranged outside the inner cone, a fluid ejection channel formed by a gap between the inner cone and the outer cone, and including an ejection port that opens toward a process surface, and a fluid guide channel having a flow inlet for a fluid. The fluid guide channel guides the fluid toward the fluid ejection channel in a direction away from the beam path.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus according to an embodiment includes a globe, an optical element including a scattering portion inside and transparent to visible light, and a light source disposed to be opposed to a light incident surface of the optical element. The scattering portion is disposed inside the globe.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an additive manufacturing apparatus includes a first irradiation unit, and a first emission device. The first irradiation unit is configured to irradiate a material with first light to melt or sinter the material. The first emission device includes a first light source configured to emit the first light, is configured to cause the first light emitted from the first light source to enter the first irradiation unit, and is capable of changing a wavelength of the first light entering the first irradiation unit.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, as optical test apparatus includes a pump beam generating unit, a probe beam generating unit; and a photodetector. The pump beam generating unit generates a pump beam for exciting an elastic wave in a specimen. The probe beam generating unit generates a probe beam. The photodetector receives the probe beam. A first light penetration depth of the probe beam relative to the specimen is longer than a second light penetration depth of the pump beam relative to the specimen.

Abstract: A branch location is arranged close to a nozzle, and the channel lengths are the same. A processing nozzle that includes a beam path for passing light from a light source and ejects a fluid containing a processing material from an ejection port includes a supply pipe that is arranged outside the beam path through which the light passes, and supplies the fluid, and a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe that supply the fluid from the supply pipe to the ejection port, and have the same total length. The first branch pipe includes a first bent portion having a first shape on an upstream side of the fluid, and a second bent portion having a second shape on a downstream side of the fluid, and the second branch pipe includes a third bent portion having the first shape on the upstream side of the fluid, and a fourth bent portion having the second shape on the downstream side of the fluid.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing apparatus includes an operation unit, a first face, a mover, a supplier, and an irradiator. The operation unit includes a first part and a second part that cover a part of a supply region supplied with a powdery material and facing a first direction are aligned in a second direction, and includes a first opening extending between the first part and the second part in the first direction. The first face of the first part faces the second part, and is provided with a second opening. The mover moves the operation unit. The supply unit supplies an inert gas from the second opening to the first opening. The irradiator is spaced apart from the operation unit, and can emit an energy ray to the supply region through the first opening, and change a position with which the energy ray is irradiated.

Abstract: A layered object including a plurality of layers, the layered object includes a first part, and a second part. The first part includes a first face having a shape of protrusions and depressions. The first part constitutes a part of the layers. The second part is in contact with the first face. The second part includes a second face that fits with the protrusions and depressions and includes a third face opposite the second face. The second part includes another part of the layers. The third face includes a portion that has a higher degree of flatness than a degree of flatness of the protrusions and depressions.

Abstract: This invention provides a means for screening for lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulatory functions in a simple and rapid manner. This invention provides a method for screening for or producing lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulatory functions comprising determining the number of the test lactic acid bacteria bound to the uromodulin (Umod) protein, lactic acid bacteria obtained by such method, and an immunoregulatory composition comprising such lactic acid bacteria.

Abstract: The mobility of an optical processing apparatus is improved. There is provided an optical processing apparatus for scanning a processing region having an at least one-dimensional spread by moving a nozzle head while irradiating the processing region with an optical processing light beam via the nozzle head, including a light source that emits, to air, the optical processing light beam toward the nozzle head, a nozzle head that includes a hollow nozzle in a vertical direction and a light beam direction changing optical system which receives the light beam emitted from the light source and propagated in the air, and changes a propagation direction of the received light beam to a direction of a currently processed processing point in the processing region, and a main scanning direction moving mechanism that moves the nozzle head by causing the nozzle head to scan in a main scanning direction of the processing region.

Abstract: An overall apparatus is downsized by reducing the size of a light beam branching structure. There is provided an optical processing head including an optical element group that guides a processing light beam from a light source to a process surface, and a light beam branching portion that branches reflected light of the processing light beam from the process surface and an observation light beam for observing a state of the process surface. The light beam branching portion is arranged on a light beam path of the processing light beam, and includes, between the optical element group and the process surface, a half mirror that guides the observation light beam to an observation optical system.

Abstract: The diatheses of animals vary depending on genetic backgrounds of the animals, and the microbial structure of an enterobacterial flora inherent in a host and the behavior of the concentration of a biological molecule sometimes vary depending on the diathesis of the host. In this case, it is needed to administer a proper probiotic. Provided is a microbial preparation for controlling the proportion of the population of bacteria belonging to the division Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes or Proteobacteria or the proportion of the population of bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium or Bacteroidetes in the enterobacterial florae in an animal body, and for controlling the concentration of a functional molecule contained in a living body, said microbial preparation containing a microorganism P01931 (International Accession No. BP-1931), MK-01A (International Accession No. BP-02066) or MK-03A (International Accession No. BP-02067) or a component of the microorganism.

Abstract: This specification discloses an optical processing head including a light guide portion that guides, to a process surface, a ray for processing. The light guide portion is further configured to guide, to the process surface, a ray for inspection different in wavelength from the ray for processing. The optical processing head further includes an inspection portion that inspects the state of the process surface based on reflected light of the ray for inspection reflected by the process surface. With the optical processing head, the state of the process surface can be easily inspected even during optical processing.

Abstract: Deterioration of a shaped object is prevented. There is provided an optical processing nozzle including an optical system in which a condensing point is adjusted to a processing point, a first set of fluid mixture discharge pipes that discharges, to the processing point, a material/purge gas fluid mixture obtained by mixing a purge gas in a powder processing material, and a second set of purge gas discharge pipes that discharges a purge gas having a purge function to the first set of fluid mixture discharge pipes, each of the fluid mixture discharge pipes of the first set being associated with each of the purge gas discharge pipes of the second set.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a laser processing device includes a light irradiation section, and an optical element. The optical element includes a first transparent member provided via a gap with a tip of the light irradiation section, and a second transparent member. The first transparent member includes a first surface opposed to the tip of the light irradiation section, and a second surface provided so as to be connected to the first surface. The second transparent member includes a flat surface and a convex surface, the flat surface being provided so as to be opposed to the second surface of the first transparent member, the light passed through the first transparent member passing through the convex surface. An optical axis of the laser beam passing through the first surface and an optical axis passing through the convex surface are different from each other.

Abstract: An optical system according to an embodiment includes: an irradiation device including a light source configured to emit light to an object; an imaging device including an imaging element, and configured to receive reflected light from the object, and obtain an image with respect to a first wavelength and an image with respect to a second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength; and a processing circuit configured to compare the image with respect to the first wavelength and the image with respect to the second wavelength to extract and separate a Fresnel reflection component and a scattering component included in the reflected light, and obtain at least one of a surface shape or a surface profile of the object based on the Fresnel reflection component and the scattering component.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a laser processing device includes a light irradiation section, and a mirror. The light irradiation section is adapted to emit a laser beam from a light source from a tip. The mirror is opposed to the tip of the light irradiation section. The mirror is adapted to reflect the laser beam emitted from the light irradiation section with an aspherical reflecting surface. An angle formed between the laser beam transmitted from the light irradiation section to the mirror and the laser beam reflected by the mirror is equal to or larger than 90 degrees.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing apparatus includes a first stage, a second stage, and a nozzle. The first stage includes a first face. The second stage includes a second face. The nozzle forms a layer of a material on at least one of the first face, the second face, an object on the first face, and an object on the second face, while the first face and the second face are oriented in mutually different directions.

Abstract: A flow channel structure includes a member including a flow channel. The flow channel includes a first part, second parts, and connections. The first part extends in a first direction. The connections connect the first part and the second parts. The connections include a first bend and a second bend. The first bend arcuately extends with a first curvature and a central angle of greater than 90 degrees. The first bend has a first end connected to the second parts, and a second end. The second bend arcuately extends with a second curvature. The second bend has a third end connected to the second end. A tangent to the first end extends in a same direction as the second parts extend. A tangent to the second end is equal to a tangent to the third end.