Abstract: An 8-9 converting circuit converts 8-bit data into 9-bit parallel data. A sync pattern/ID pattern adding circuit adds sync patterns and ID patterns to the 9-bit parallel data and sets values for the ID patterns according to a predetermined correlation between a position of an mth ID pattern and a distance from an nth sync pattern to an mth sync pattern. A parallel/serial converting circuit converts the parallel data into serial data and the resultant serial data is recorded on a tape. Data reproduced from a tape is supplied to a serial/parallel converting circuit which converts the serial data into parallel data. A sync pattern/ID pattern extracting circuit extracts sync patterns and ID patterns from the parallel data, extracting as valid an mth sync pattern whose corresponding mth ID pattern has a value set in accordance with the predetermined correlation. An 8-9 inverse converting circuit converts the parallel data into 8-bit data corresponding to the extracted sync patterns and ID patterns.

Abstract: An apparatus for encoding a digital signal includes switching means for alternately outputting the digital signal from first and second output terminals at every bit. A first converting means converts the digital signal output from the first output terminal to a signal which will be DC free after NRZI conversion is carried out. A second converting means converts the digital signal output from the second output terminal to a signal which will be DC free. An encoding means is supplied with outputs from the first and second converting means, alternately combining outputs of the first and second converting means at every bit and obtaining a substantially I-NRZI converted digital signal.

Abstract: A clock extracting circuit for use in a data recorder or the like to extract clock pulses included in input data transmitted by a self-clocking system. The circuit comprises a data window generator for generating data window pulses each having a predetermined duration and rising or falling in synchronism with the rise and/or the fall of the input data; a voltage-controlled oscillator for generating reference clock pulses of a predetermined frequency in accordance with a control voltage; and a phase comparator for comparing the phase of the data window pulse with that of the reference clock pulse, then generating the control voltage proportional to the phase difference, and feeding back the control voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator to thereby control the frequency of the reference clock polses.

Abstract: A refrigerator including: storage chambers formed inside a thermal insulation box having generally rectangular horizontal cross section, said chambers having a duct provided at one rear corner of respective chamber for communication with the rear space behind the storage chambers where cold air is generated by a heat exchanger of the refrigeration unit; rotatable round shelves in the storage chambers; a lamp provided at the other rear corner of the storage chamber; and door pockets provided on the inner surface of the doors, said door pockets extending to front corner space in the storage chambers.