Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of forming one or more thin films on a substrate by depositing two or more materials by vacuum evaporation, comprising, depositing each material under such control that ni value of the each material is k±0.5 wherein k is a constant from 2 to 5, when relationship between a deposition position and a film thickness of a material i on the substrate is approximated by the following equation (1): Di/D0i∝(L0/Li)3 cosni&thgr;i  (1) wherein L0 is a distance from an evaporation source to a plane of the substrate in a perpendicular direction, D0i is a film thickness of the material i at an intersection point of a perpendicular line from the evaporation source to the plane of the substrate, and Di is a film thickness of the material i at a position on the substrate which is apart from the evaporation source by a distance Li in a direction of an angle &thgr;i against the perpendicular line.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device including a lower electrode, an organic light-emission medium, and an upper electrode on a support substrate, wherein the water content of the organic light-emission medium does not exceed 0.05 wt. %. By so controlling the water content of the organic light-emission medium, it is possible to prevent shrinkage of a light-emission area based on production of non-emission parts or non-emission spots for a long time at both high temperature and room temperature conditions. A method of making the organic electroluminescent device is disclosed also.

Abstract: An organic EL device is improved to produce an increased luminance and have a prolonged lifetime. In an organic EL device comprising a cathode layer 16, an electron injection region 14, a light emission region 12 and an anode layer 10 as laminated in that order, the electron injection region 14 contains an aromatic compound composed of carbon and hydrogen or an aromatic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, along with a reducing dopant, and the electron affinity of the electron injection region is controlled to fall between 1.8 and 3.6 eV; or the electron injection region 14 contains an electron-transporting compound and a reducing dopant having a work function of at most 2.9 eV, and the electron affinity of the electron injection region is controlled to fall between 1.8 and 3.6 eV.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of forming one or more thin films on a substrate by depositing two or more materials by vacuum evaporation, comprising, depositing each material under such control that ni value of the each material is k±0.

Abstract: Provided are a producing apparatus and a producing process which make it possible to obtain effectively an organic EL display device capable of suppressing the generation of dark spots for a long time even in a high temperature environment.

Abstract: An organic EL device comprising a lower electrode, an organic light-emission medium and an upper electrode on a support substrate, wherein the water content of the organic light-emission medium is 0.05 wt. % or less and its making method thereof. By constituting the organic EL device like this, it is possible to prevent the shrinkage of light-emission area based on production of the non-emission parts or non-emission spots for a long time at the high temperature condition as well as the room condition.

Abstract: Transparent, organic EL devices comprising an positive electrode, a negative electrode and an organic layer including an organic light-emitting layer as sandwiched between the two electrodes, in which the negative electrode is comprised of an electron injection electrode layer and an amorphous transparent conductive film, and the electron injection electrode layer is adjacent to the organic layer, or in which the negative electrode is comprised of an electron injection electrode layer, a transparent conductive film and a thin metal film having a specific resistance of not larger than 1×10−5 &OHgr;·cm, as laminated in that order with the electron injection electrode layer being adjacent to the organic layer, and a thin transparent film is formed outside the negative electrode. Preferably, the transparent conductive film is an amorphous one.

Abstract: An amorphous electrically conductive oxide such as In—Zn—O-containing amorphous oxide or amorphous ITO is used alone, or a laminate having a two- or three-layer structure constituted of the amorphous electrically conductive oxide and at least a thin metal layer is used, to form a transparent electrode whose side surface has a tapered form and whose top layer is formed of a layer of the above amorphous electrically conductive oxide, an organic single-layer portion or an organic multi-layer portion containing at least an organic light-emitting material is formed on the above transparent electrode, and further, an opposing electrode is formed on the above organic single-layer portion or the above organic multi-layer portion, whereby an organic EL device is obtained. A flattening layer is optionally provided so as to abut on the side surface of the transparent electrode for moderating a height-level difference between the above transparent electrode and the surface of the above substrate.

Abstract: An aromatic dimethylidyne compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X and Y are the same or different and are each an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, a phenyl, a cyclohexyl, a naphthyl, or a pyridyl and Ar' is ##STR2## A process for preparing an aromatic dimethylidyne compound which comprises condensing a phosphorus compound and a ketone compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing organic EL devices stably having intended capabilities. The method comprises cleaning an electrode-mounted substrate 17 followed by forming a plurality of film layers including organic layers and a counter electrode layer, on the electrode mounted on the substrate, successively one after another in vacuum, wherein the time just after the finish of cleaning the electrode-mounted substrate 17 and before the start of forming the first film layer on the electrode 12 is shorter than the time within which the value of the contact angle with water of the surface of the electrode 12 just after the finish of cleaning it increases by 30.degree. in vacuum. In producing organic EL devices having a plurality, n=1, 2, 3, . . .

Abstract: This invention provides a multi-color light emission apparatus wherein a transparent inorganic oxide substrate (4) is disposed between an organic EL device (1) and a fluorescent layer (3) in such a manner as to arrange the fluorescent layer (3) with a gap with the organic EL device (1), and the organic EL device (1) is sealed by sealing means (5) between the transparent inorganic oxide substrate (4) and a support substrate (2). The invention provides also a multi-color light emission apparatus wherein a transparent insulating inorganic oxide layer (12) having a thickness of 0.01 to 200 .mu.m is interposed between the fluorescent layer (3) and the organic EL device (1). In this way, light emission life and angle-of-view characteristics can be improved.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device which comprises laminating layers in the order of anode/light emitting layer/adhesive layer/cathode, or anode/hole-injecting layer/light emitting layer/adhesive layer/cathode, the energy gap of the light emitting layer being larger than that of 8-hydroxyquinoline or metal complex thereof and contained in the adhesive layer, the light emitting layer comprising a compound which emits a blue, greenish blue or bluish green light in CIE chromaticity coordinates, and the adhesive layer including a metal complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline or a derivative thereof and at least one organic compound in an arbitrary region in the direction of the thickness of the layer, the thickness of which is smaller than that of the above-mentioned light emitting layer.According to the above organic electroluminescence device, improvements in uniformity in light emission and emission efficiency are realized.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device comprises the first light emitting layer containing an organic compound having a fluorescence peak wave length of 380 nm or longer to shorter than 480 nm in solid state and the second light emitting layer containing an organic compound having a fluorescence peak wave length of 480 nm or longer to shorter than 580 nm in solid state. One of the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer contains an organic compound having a fluorescence peak wave length of 580 nm or longer to 650 nm or shorter in solution state. The device has a structure in which the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer are laminated on the anode in this order and both of these layers emit light by application of an electric field. This device shows light emission, particularly white light emission, with high efficiency and excellent stability.

Abstract: An electroluminescence device (organic EL device) which comprises a pair of electrodes with an emitting layer therebetween. The emitting layer contains a dimerized styryl compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein D and D' are each an arylene group or a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group, E, E', F, F' G and G' are each a hydrogen, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxyl group or a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group and Q is a divalent group which breaks the conjugation. The dimerized styryl compound has a desirable light emitting efficiency which serves to increase the molecular weight to improve the thin film property. The organic EL device of the present invention is useful in preparing display devices.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device including an oxadiazole or thiadiazole compound interposed between two electrons. The compound is of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic group; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are each an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic group; Q is --O--, --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --; or --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ; and X is --O-- or --S--. The organic electroluminescence device has a high brightness, a high luminous efficiency and a long service life.

Abstract: An electroluminescence device comprising, as a light emitting material, a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl, cyclohexyl, alkoxy, cyano or aryl, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are a heterocyclic or aryl and Ar is an arylene. Aromatic dimethylidyne compounds of the formula: ##STR2## wherein X and Y are each an alkyl, phenyl, cyclohexyl, naphthyl or pyridyl and Ar' is ##STR3## Electroluminescence devices (EL devices) using the above compounds as a light emitting material provide EL light emission of high luminance in a region of bluish purple to green.

Abstract: An electroluminescent element comprising an electroluminescent (EL) material part which emits a near ultraviolet ray of light and a fluorescent material part which absorbs the ultraviolet light emitted from the electroluminescent material and emits a fluorescence in a visible light range from blue to red. The electroluminescent element provides for emission of lights with a wide range of wavelength and three elementary colors of blue, green and red can be expressed by appropriate combinations of the organic EL material and the fluorescent material. Consequently, the electroluminescent element provides for a full color display.

Abstract: An electroluminescence device (EL device) and method of manufacture thereof in which an emitting material is made of an organic compound represented by general formula (I), (I') or (II): ##STR1## The EL device displays a high brightness by applying only low voltage.