Abstract: A shaft 6 includes a plurality of layers formed by fiber reinforced resins. The layers include a hoop layer and bias layers. The hoop layer includes a full length hoop layer s9 constituted with a prepreg having a fiber elastic modulus of equal to or greater than 30 (tf/mm2) and having a fiber weight per unit area of equal to or greater than 50 (g/m2) but equal to or less than 80 (g/m2). The bias layers s2, s3, s4, and s5 include high elasticity containing bias layers s4 and s5 constituted with a prepreg contacting a high elastic pitch-based carbon fiber having a fiber elastic modulus of equal to or greater than 80 (tf/mm2). Preferably, the full length hoop layer s9 is disposed outside the high elasticity containing bias layers s4 and s5.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 includes a spherical core 4, a mid layer 6, and a cover 8. The core 4 is obtained by crosslinking a rubber composition. The difference between: a hardness H(5.0) at a point which is located at a distance of 5 mm from the central point of the core 4; and a hardness Ho at the central point is 6.0 or greater. The difference between: a hardness H(12.5) at a point which is located at a distance of 12.5 mm from the central point; and the hardness H(5.0) is 4.0 or less. The difference between a hardness Hs at the surface of the core 4 and the hardness H(12.5) is 10.0 or greater. The difference between the hardness Hs and the hardness Ho is 22.0 or greater. There is no zone in which a hardness decreases from the central point to the surface. A Shore D hardness H3 of the cover is greater than a Shore D hardness H2 of the mid layer.

Abstract: A shaft 6 includes at least two hoop layers s3 and s8, at least one bias layer, and at least one straight layer. An interposition layer other than the hoop layer is present between every opposing hoop layers. An average thickness of the opposing hoop layers is defined as t, and a total thickness of the interposition layer is defined as T. The shaft 6 satisfies the following formula (1): T/t?1.9??(1).

Abstract: A golf ball 2 has, on a surface thereof, a plurality of types of dimples 8 having different diameters from each other. A standard deviation V? of the volumes of all the dimples 8 is equal to or less than 0.095 mm3. The ratio (V?/D?) of the standard deviation V? to a standard deviation D? of the diameters of all the dimples 8 is equal to or less than 0.35. Preferably, the shape of each dimple 8 is a portion of a spherical surface. The standard deviation V? is preferably equal to or less than 0.087 mm3. The ratio (V?/D?) is preferably equal to or less than 0.29.

Abstract: A golf club 2 includes a head 4, a shaft 6 and a grip 8. The shaft 6 includes a plurality of layers, a tip end Tp and a butt end Bt. If a distance between a center of gravity of the shaft and the butt end Bt is defined as Lg (mm), a shaft full length is defined as Ls (mm), and a ratio of the distance Lg to the shaft full length Ls is defined as a ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft, the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft is 44.5% or less. If a torsional rigidity at a point of 90 mm distant from the tip end Tp is defined as GJt (kgf·m2), and a torsional rigidity at a point of 210 mm distant from the butt end Bt is defined as GJb (kgf·m2), GJb/GJt is 5.5 or less.

Abstract: A shaft 6 is formed by a plurality of prepreg sheets s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7, s8 and s9. These prepreg sheets include full length sheets and partial sheets partially provided in the axial direction of the shaft. The full length sheets include a full length hoop sheet s7. The partial sheets include glass fiber reinforced sheets s1, s4. In the shaft 6, a volume ratio Vf of the hoop layer in a specific tip part Tx is equal to or greater than 2.5% and less than 10%. The shaft 6 is lightweight and has a high degree of design freedom of a position of a center of gravity. The shaft 6 is excellent in strength of a tip part.

Abstract: A wood golf club head, which is provided therein with a hollow section and for which a crown section that forms the upper surface of the head is formed from a metal material. The crown section includes a heel portion; a toe portion with a smaller thickness than the heel portion; and a thickness transition section provided between the heel portion and the toe portion, the thickness of which decreases gradually from the heel portion to the toe portion. In the top view of a reference state in which the head is placed on a horizontal plane with a specified lie angle and loft angle, the thickness transition section extends as a smooth curve that protrudes towards the toe side.

Abstract: A shaft 6 includes a plurality of fiber reinforced resin layers s1 to s10. The plurality of layers include a first straight layer s1 in which a 0°-compression strength is the minimum and a second straight layer s9 in which a 0°-compression strength is the maximum. A specific tip part Tx which is a region between a tip end Tp and a position separated by 100 mm from the tip end Tp satisfies the following (a) to (c): (a) the first straight layer forms a innermost layer; (b) the second straight layer is arranged outside a central position in a thickness direction; and (c) when a 0°-compression strength of the first straight layer is defined as Cmin and a 0°-compression strength of the second straight layer is defined as Cmax, a difference (Cmax?Cmin) is equal to or greater than 550 MPa.

Abstract: A shaft 6 includes at least two hoop layers s3 and s8, at least one bias layer, and at least one straight layer. An interposition layer other than the hoop layer is present between every opposing hoop layers. An average thickness of the opposing hoop layers is defined as t, and a total thickness of the interposition layer is defined as T. The shaft 6 satisfies the following formula (1): T/t?1.9??(1).

Abstract: A wavelength and bandwidth allocation method which includes in order: a wavelength allocation step of allocating each wavelength of an uplink signal to each ONU so that the sum of target bandwidths each allocated as a target to each of the ONUs to which each wavelength of the uplink signal is allocated does not exceed a bandwidth allocated to each wavelength of the uplink signal; and a bandwidth allocation step of allocating a bandwidth to each of the ONUs based on any one of a plurality of requested bandwidths accepted from each of the ONUs in each wavelength of the uplink signal so that the bandwidth actually allocated to each of the ONUs converges to the target bandwidth allocated as a target to each of the ONUs.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 includes a spherical core 4 and a cover 6 covering the core 4 and including an inner cover 8 and an outer cover 10 positioned outside the inner cover 8. The core 4 is obtained by crosslinking a rubber composition. The rubber composition includes a base rubber (a), a co-crosslinking agent (b), a crosslinking initiator (c), and a carboxylate (d). The co-crosslinking agent (b) is: (b1) an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms; or (b2) a metal salt of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The amount of the carboxylate (d) is equal to or greater than 1 parts by weight but less than 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber (a). A hardness of an innermost layer of the cover is equal to or less than a surface hardness of the core.

Abstract: A bias point of an external modulator is set to different values according to on and off of a burst control signal and an optical source is driven continuously in a burst optical signal transmission device. The burst optical signal transmission device avoid generation of transient fluctuation of a wavelength and a light amount at the time of burst signal rising.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 includes a spherical core 4 and a cover 6 covering the core 4. The cover 6 includes an inner cover 8 and an outer cover 10 positioned outside the inner cover 8. The core 4 is obtained by a rubber composition being crosslinked. The rubber composition includes a base rubber (a), a co-crosslinking agent (b), a crosslinking initiator (c), and a carboxylate (d). The co-crosslinking agent (b) is: (b1) an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms; or (b2) a metal salt of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The amount of the carboxylate (d) is equal to or greater than 1 parts by weight but less than 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber (a). A hardness of an innermost layer of the cover is greater than a surface hardness of the core.

Abstract: An OLT controller makes each optical transceiver transmit a search signal at a prescribed time so that the search signals reach all ONU connection ends of an optical transmission path. In the case where an ONU connected to the ONU connection end of the optical transmission path is unregistered, when the ONU controller receives the search signal, the ONU controller tunes a wavelength of an optical transmitter of the ONU to a wavelength corresponding to the search signal and makes the optical transmitter transmit a response signal to an OLT.

Abstract: The surface of a golf ball 2 is divided by four comparting great circles CG into six spherical quadrangles Ss and eight spherical triangles St. The eight spherical triangles St are composed of four first spherical triangles St1 and four second spherical triangles St2. Dimple patterns of the six spherical quadrangles Ss are the same. Dimple patterns of the four first spherical triangles St1 are the same. Dimple patterns of the four second spherical triangles St2 are the same. The dimple pattern of each first spherical triangle St1 is different from the dimple pattern of each second spherical triangle St2. The comparting great circles CG are obtained by projecting the 24 sides of a cuboctahedron inscribed in a phantom sphere of the golf ball 2 on the surface of the phantom sphere.

Abstract: A golf club head has a hollow and comprises a face portion having a club face for hitting a ball, a sole portion defining a bottom face of the club head, and a hosel into which a tip end of a golf club shaft is inserted. The hosel protrudes into the hollow. The sole portion is provided in its club face side with a thick ribbed part having a thickness of from 3.0 to 10.0 mm and extending in the toe-heel direction of the head. In the hollow, the ribbed part is connected to the hosel.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 includes a core 4, an envelope layer 6 positioned outside the core 4, a mid layer 8 positioned outside the envelope layer 6, and a cover 10 positioned outside the mid layer 8. The core 4 includes a spherical center 12 and a core outer layer 14 positioned outside the center 12. The center 12 has a diameter of 1 mm or greater and 15 mm or less. The difference (H4?H3) between the JIS-C hardness H4 of the core 4 at its surface and the JIS-C hardness H3 of the core outer layer 14 at its innermost portion is equal to or greater than 10. The cover 10 has a Shore D hardness H7 less than 40. The Shore D hardnesses H5, H6 and H7 of the envelope layer 6, the mid layer 8, and the cover 10 satisfy that H5>H6?H7.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 has a spherical core 4 and a cover 6 positioned outside this core 4. The core 4 has a spherical center 8 and a mid layer 10 positioned outside this center 8. The center 8 is formed by crosslinking a rubber composition. A base rubber of the rubber composition contains polybutadiene as a principal component. The rubber composition contains sulfur as a crosslinking agent. The center 8 has a diameter of 1 mm or greater and 15 mm or less. The center 8 has a central hardness H1 of 20 or greater and 50 or less. A difference (H4?H3) between a hardness H4 of a surface of the mid layer 10 and a hardness of an innermost part thereof is equal to or greater than 10.

Abstract: A wood golf club head, which is provided therein with a hollow section and for which a crown section that forms the upper surface of the head is formed from a metal material. The crown section includes a heel portion; a toe portion with a smaller thickness than the heel portion; and a thickness transition section provided between the heel portion and the toe portion, the thickness of which decreases gradually from the heel portion to the toe portion. In the top view of a reference state in which the head is placed on a horizontal plane with a specified lie angle and loft angle, the thickness transition section extends as a smooth curve that protrudes towards the toe side.

Abstract: An arrayed waveguide grating provided with a first slab waveguide formed on a substrate; a second slab waveguide formed on the substrate; a first input/output waveguide connected to the first slab waveguide; a second input/output waveguide connected to the second slab waveguide; two or more channel waveguide groups connecting the first and second slab waveguides, each of the channel waveguide groups formed of an aggregate of a plurality of channel waveguides having path lengths sequentially becoming longer by a predetermined path length difference; and an optical filter arranged in at least one of the first and second slab waveguides.