Abstract: A shaft 6 includes a plurality of fiber reinforced resin layers s1 to s10. The plurality of layers include a first straight layer s1 in which a 0°-compression strength is the minimum and a second straight layer s9 in which a 0°-compression strength is the maximum. A specific tip part Tx which is a region between a tip end Tp and a position separated by 100 mm from the tip end Tp satisfies the following (a) to (c): (a) the first straight layer forms a innermost layer; (b) the second straight layer is arranged outside a central position in a thickness direction; and (c) when a 0°-compression strength of the first straight layer is defined as Cmin and a 0°-compression strength of the second straight layer is defined as Cmax, a difference (Cmax?Cmin) is equal to or greater than 550 MPa.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 has a core 4, an inner cover 6 positioned outside this core 4 and an outer cover 8 positioned outside the inner cover 6. The core 4 has a spherical center 10 and a mid layer 12 positioned outside this center 10. The center 10 is formed by crosslinking a rubber composition. The mid layer 12 is formed by crosslinking a rubber composition. The inner cover 6 is made of a thermoplastic resin composition. The outer cover 8 is made of a thermoplastic resin composition. The center 10 has a diameter of 1 mm or greater and 15 mm or less. The center 10 has a central point having JIS-C hardness H1 of 20 or greater and 50 or less. A difference (H4?H3) between a hardness H4 of a surface of the core and a hardness H3 of an innermost part of the mid layer is equal to or greater than 10. A hardness H5 of the inner cover is smaller than a hardness H6 of the outer cover.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 includes a spherical core 4 and a cover 6 positioned outside the core 4. The golf ball 2 further has dimples 8 on a surface thereof. The core 4 is obtained by crosslinking a rubber composition. The difference between a hardness H(5.0) at a point that is located at a distance of 5 mm from the central point of the core 4, and a hardness Ho at the central point is equal to or greater than 6.0. The difference between a hardness H(12.5) at a point that is located at a distance of 12.5 mm from the central point, and the hardness H(5.0) is equal to or less than 4.0. The difference between a hardness Hs at the surface of the core 4 and the hardness H(12.5) is equal to or greater than 10.0. The difference between the hardness Hs and the hardness Ho is equal to or greater than 22.0. There is no zone in which a hardness decreases from the central point to the surface. The rubber composition of the core 4 includes 2-naphthalenethiol. A cross-sectional shape of each dimple 8 is a wave-like curve.

Abstract: A shaft 6 is formed by a plurality of prepreg sheets s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7, s8 and s9. These prepreg sheets include full length sheets and partial sheets partially provided in the axial direction of the shaft. The full length sheets include a full length hoop sheet s7. The partial sheets include glass fiber reinforced sheets s1, s4. In the shaft 6, a volume ratio Vf of the hoop layer in a specific tip part Tx is equal to or greater than 2.5% and less than 10%. The shaft 6 is lightweight and has a high degree of design freedom of a position of a center of gravity. The shaft 6 is excellent in strength of a tip part.

Abstract: An arrayed waveguide grating provided with a first slab waveguide formed on a substrate; a second slab waveguide formed on the substrate; a first input/output waveguide connected to the first slab waveguide; a second input/output waveguide connected to the second slab waveguide; two or more channel waveguide groups connecting the first and second slab waveguides, each of the channel waveguide groups formed of an aggregate of a plurality of channel waveguides having path lengths sequentially becoming longer by a predetermined path length difference; and an optical filter arranged in at least one of the first and second slab waveguides.

Abstract: A wavelength and bandwidth allocation method which includes in order: a wavelength allocation step of allocating each wavelength of an uplink signal to each ONU so that the sum of target bandwidths each allocated as a target to each of the ONUs to which each wavelength of the uplink signal is allocated does not exceed a bandwidth allocated to each wavelength of the uplink signal; and a bandwidth allocation step of allocating a bandwidth to each of the ONUs based on any one of a plurality of requested bandwidths accepted from each of the ONUs in each wavelength of the uplink signal so that the bandwidth actually allocated to each of the ONUs converges to the target bandwidth allocated as a target to each of the ONUs.

Abstract: A cross-sectional shape of each of dimples 8 of a golf ball 2 is a wave-like curve. The wave-like curve has two first curves 14, two second curves 16, two third curves 18, and one fourth curve 20. Each first curve 14 and each third curve 18 are upwardly convex. Each second curve 16 and the fourth curve 20 are downwardly convex. Each first curve 14 is connoted to a land 10 at an edge Ed. Each second curve 16 is connected to the first curve 14 at a first inflexion point 22. Each third curve 18 is connected to the second curve 16 at a second inflexion point 24. The fourth curve 20 is connected to the third curves 18 at third inflexion points 26. In the wave-like curve, the upwardly convex curves 14 and 18 and the downwardly convex curves 16 and 20 are alternately arranged.

Abstract: A wavelength and bandwidth allocation method which includes in order a wavelength determination step S4 of determining a plurality of wavelengths of an uplink signal from each ONU to OLT to guarantee a guaranteed bandwidth corresponding to a subscription service class of each ONU and a reference bandwidth distribution step S5 of distributing, as reference bandwidths, all bandwidths of the plurality of wavelengths determined in the wavelength determination step S4 to each ONU according to the subscription service class of each ONU and making the reference bandwidths of ONUs whose subscription service classes are the same be the same.

Abstract: An OLT controller 90 makes each optical transceiver 21 transmit a search signal at a prescribed time so that the search signals reach all ONU connection ends of an optical transmission path 101. In the case where an ONU 10 connected to the ONU connection end of the optical transmission path 101 is unregistered, when the ONU controller 80 receives the search signal, the ONU controller 80 tunes a wavelength of an optical transmitter 11 of the ONU 10 to a wavelength corresponding to the search signal and makes the optical transmitter 11 transmit a response signal to an OLT 20.

Abstract: Golf ball 2 has spherical core 4, surrounding layer 6 situated on the external side of the core 4, mid layer 8 situated on the external side of the surrounding layer 6, cover 10 situated on the external side of the mid layer 8, and paint layer 12 situated on the external side of the cover 10. The mid layer 8 has a thickness Tm of 0.1 mm or greater and 1.2 mm or less. The ratio (Tc/Tm) of the thickness Tc of the cover 10 to the thickness Tm of the mid layer 8 is no greater than 0.50. The cover 10 has a Shore D hardness Hc of no greater than 35. The Shore D hardness Hm of the mid layer 8 is greater than the Shore D hardness Hc of the cover 10. The base material of the surrounding layer 6 is an ionomer resin. The base material of the mid layer 8 is a polyurethane. The base material of the cover 10 is a polyurethane.

Abstract: A cross-sectional shape of each of dimples 8 of a golf ball is a wave-like curve. The wave-like curve has two first projections 16, two second projections 18, two first recesses 20, and two second recesses 22. A circular arc 14 passes through one edge Ed, a deepest point Pd, and another edge Ed. Each first projection 16 is located above the circular arc 14. Each second projection 18 is located above the circular arc 14. Each first recess 20 is located below the circular arc 14. Each second recess 22 is located below the circular arc 14. The ratio of the distance Lp from an edge Ed to a peak Pp to the radius (Di/2) of the dimple 8 is equal to or greater than 20% but equal to or less than 70%.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 has, on a surface thereof, a plurality of types of dimples 8 having different diameters from each other. The standard deviation of the curvature radii of cross sections of all the dimples 8 is 0.90 mm or less. The average of the curvature radii of the cross sections of all the dimples 8 is greater than 40% but 50% or less of the diameter of the golf ball 2. The sum of the volumes of all the dimples 8 is 280 mm3 or greater but 350 mm3 or less. The average of the diameters of all the dimples 8 is 3.9 mm or greater but 4.5 mm or less. The ratio of the sum of the areas of all the dimples 8 to the surface area of a phantom sphere of the golf ball 2 is 75% or greater but 95% or less.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 has, on a surface thereof, a plurality of types of dimples 10 having different diameters from each other. The standard deviation of the curvature radii of cross sections of all the dimples 10 is 0.90 mm or less. The average of the curvature radii of the cross sections of all the dimples 10 is 20% or greater but 40% or less of the diameter of the golf ball. The sum of the volumes of all the dimples is 300 mm3 or greater but 370 mm3 or less. The average of the diameters of all the dimples is 3.5 mm or greater but 4.5 mm or less. The ratio of the sum of the areas of all the dimples to the surface area of a phantom sphere of the golf ball is 75% or greater but 95% or less.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 has a core 4, an inner cover 6 positioned outside the core 4 and an outer cover 8 positioned outside the inner cover 6. The core 4 has a spherical center 10 and a mid layer 12 positioned outside the center 10. The center 10 has a diameter of 1 mm or greater and 15 mm or less. A difference (H4?H3) between a JIS-C hardness H4 of a surface of the core and a JIS-C hardness H3 of an innermost part of the mid layer is equal to or greater than 10. The hardness H4 is greater than a JIS-C hardness H2 of a surface of a spherical body including the core 4 and the inner cover 6. A Shore D hardness H7 of the outer cover 8 is less than 40.

Abstract: A first golf ball 2 includes a core 4, a mid-layer 6, and a cover 8. The core 4 includes a center 10 and an envelope layer 12. The mid-layer 6 includes a metal ion source (C) that can neutralize an ionomer resin. The mid-layer 6 has a melt flow rate (at 190° C. and 2.16 kg) of 4 g/10 minute or greater. The difference (H3?H1) between the JIS-C hardness H3 of the cover 8 and the JIS-C central hardness H1 of the center 10 is equal to or greater than 45. A second golf ball 22 includes a core 24, a mid-layer 28, and a cover 30. The mid-layer 28 has a melt flow rate (at 190° C. and 2.16 kg) of 4 g/10 minute or greater. Preferably, the mid-layer 28 includes a high melt viscosity resin (A), a low melt viscosity ionomer resin (B), and a metal ion source (C1).

Abstract: A golf club head has a hollow and comprises a face portion having a club face for hitting a ball, a sole portion defining a bottom face of the club head, and a hosel into which a tip end of a golf club shaft is inserted. The hosel protrudes into the hollow. The sole portion is provided in its club face side with a thick ribbed part having a thickness of from 3.0 to 10.0 mm and extending in the toe-heel direction of the head. In the hollow, the ribbed part is connected to the hosel.

Abstract: A golf ball 2 includes a core 4, a mid layer 6, and a cover 8. The difference between: a hardness H(5.0) at a point located at a distance of 5 mm from the central point of the core 4; and a hardness Ho at the central point is 6.0 or greater. The difference between: a hardness H(12.5) at a point located at a distance of 12.5 mm from the central point; and the hardness H(5.0) is 4.0 or less. The difference between a hardness Hs at the surface of the core 4 and the hardness H(12.5) is 10.0 or greater. The difference between the hardness Hs and the hardness Ho is 22.0 or greater. In the core 4, there is no zone in which a hardness decreases from the central point to the surface. A hardness H3 of the cover 8 is greater than a hardness H2 of the mid layer 6. The cover 8 is formed from a resin composition containing a polyamide copolymer including a polymerized fatty acid (a-1), sebacic acid and/or azelaic acid (a-2), and a polyamine component (a-3).

Abstract: Golf ball wherein, at all points Pa included in zone “A” away from the central point of its core at a distance of ?1 mm and <5 mm, this mathematical expression is satisfied: Ha2?Ha1<5, wherein Ha1 and Ha2 each represents hardness at a point located respectively inside a point Pa and outside the point Pa. Also, at any point Pb included in zone “B” away from the central point of its core at a distance of ?5 mm and ?10 mm, this mathematical expression is satisfied: Hb2?Hb1?5, wherein Hb1 and Hb2 each represents hardness at a point located respectively inside a point Pb and outside the point Pb. This hardness distribution provides a golf ball with reduced energy loss when hit with a driver, and with excellent control performance when hit with a short iron.

Abstract: The golf ball 2 has a northern hemisphere N and a southern hemisphere S. The northern hemisphere N is adjacent to the southern hemisphere S across an equatorial line Eq. Each of the northern hemisphere N and the southern hemisphere S has a pole vicinity region 14 and an equator vicinity region 16. Each of the pole vicinity region 14 and the equator vicinity region 16 has a large number of dimples. The dimple pattern of the pole vicinity region 14 includes three units that are rotationally symmetrical to each other about a pole Po. The dimple pattern of the equator vicinity region 16 includes six units that are rotationally symmetrical to each other about the pole Po. The sum (Ps+Pp) of a peak value Ps and a peak value Pp of the golf ball 2 is equal to or greater than 600 mm.

Abstract: A first golf ball 2 includes a core 4, a mid-layer 6, and a cover 8. The core 4 includes a center 10 and an envelope layer 12. The mid-layer 6 includes a metal ion source (C) that can neutralize an ionomer resin. The mid-layer 6 has a melt flow rate (at 190° C. and 2.16 kg) of 4 g/10 minute or greater. The difference (H3-H1) between the JIS-C hardness H3 of the cover 8 and the JIS-C central hardness H1 of the center 10 is equal to or greater than 45. A second golf ball 22 includes a core 24, a mid-layer 28, and a cover 30. The mid-layer 28 has a melt flow rate (at 190° C. and 2.16 kg) of 4 g/10 minute or greater. Preferably, the mid-layer 28 includes a high melt viscosity resin (A), a low melt viscosity ionomer resin (B), and a metal ion source (C1).