Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to placing two galvanometer mirrors in a pupil conjugate relationship and at the same time preventing astigmatism from occurring while preventing images from being degraded by flaws and foreign matter on a lens. A scanning optical system includes two one-dimensional scanning means disposed closely to each other at a spaced interval therebetween in an optical axis direction for scanning a light beam from a light source in two scanning directions. An objective lens for focusing the light beam scanned by the scanning means onto a target. A plurality of optical elements is disposed in positions spaced from an intermediate image plane in the optical axis direction and having different optical powers in the two scanning directions. The positions and the optical powers of the respective optical elements are set to compensate for the spaced interval between the two scanning means in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: In an optical fiber scanning apparatus, an optical fiber to which a permanent magnet is disposed and which is configured to emit illumination light from a distal end portion is arranged in a hollow portion where a magnetic field generation unit is disposed of a frame body, the frame body for which a cross section of the hollow portion is a square includes a first frame body for which planar coils are disposed respectively on a first surface and a second surface that are orthogonal to each other, and a second frame body for which planar coils are disposed respectively on a third surface and a fourth surface that are orthogonal to each other, and which is bonded with the first frame body, and the first surface to the fourth surface configure inner surfaces of the hollow portion.

Abstract: The imaging optical system is for acquiring a clear final image, even if an intermediate image is formed at a position that overlaps with an optical device, by preventing scratches or the like of the optical device from becoming superimposed on the intermediate image, and has imaging lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image, a first phase-modulating element that imparts a spatial disturbance to a wavefront of light from an object, and a second phase-modulating element disposed at a position so that at least one intermediate image is interposed between the element and the element and that cancels the spatial disturbance, wherein the element has cylindrical lenses arranged with a space therebetween, and arranged so that a principal point of the whole system is positioned in a vicinity of a pupil position of the imaging lenses.

Abstract: Provided is a microscope apparatus including: a light source; an illumination optical system that radiates illumination light from the light source onto an observation object; an imaging optical system that focuses light from the observation object; and an image acquisition device that acquires an image of the light focused by the imaging optical system. The imaging optical system is provided with: imaging lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image; a first phase modulation element that is disposed closer to an object than any of the at least one intermediate image and that gives a spatial disturbance to the wavefront of light from the object; a second phase modulation element that is disposed at a position for allowing the at least one intermediate image to be sandwiched with the first phase modulation element and that cancels out the spatial disturbance given to the wavefront.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to placing two galvanometer mirrors in a pupil conjugate relationship and at the same time preventing astigmatism from occurring while preventing images from being degraded by flaws and foreign matter on a lens. A scanning optical system includes two one-dimensional scanning means disposed closely to each other at a spaced interval therebetween in an optical axis direction for scanning a light beam from a light source in two scanning directions. An objective lens for focusing the light beam scanned by the scanning means onto a target. A plurality of optical elements is disposed in positions spaced from an intermediate image plane in the optical axis direction and having different optical powers in the two scanning directions. The positions and the optical powers of the respective optical elements are set to compensate for the spaced interval between the two scanning means in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: Acquiring a sharp final image by preventing, even when an intermediate image is formed at a position overlapping an optical element, a flaw or the like on the optical element from being superimposed on the intermediate image. An observation apparatus including: an image-forming optical system having image-forming lenses that form a final image and an intermediate image, a first phase modulator that applies a spatial disturbance to the wavefront of light, and a second phase modulator that cancels out the spatial disturbance; a light source; an XY-scanning part including a first and a second scanner; and a photodetector. The two phase modulators are disposed at positions optically conjugate with the first scanner and have one-dimensional phase-distribution characteristics changing in the scanning direction of the illumination light.

Abstract: An image-forming optical system includes a plurality of image-forming lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image; a first phase modulator that is disposed closer to an object side than any one of the intermediate images formed by the image-forming lenses and that applies a spatial disturbance to a wavefront of light coming from the object; and a second phase modulator that is disposed at a position that sandwiches at least one of the intermediate images with the first phase modulator and that cancels out the spatial disturbance applied to the wavefront of the light coming from the object by the first phase modulator.

Abstract: Provided is an imaging optical system including: a plurality of imaging lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image; a first phase modulation element that is disposed closer to an object than any of the at least one intermediate image is and that gives a spatial disturbance to the wavefront of light from the object; and a second phase modulation element that is disposed at a position so as to sandwich the at least one intermediate image with the first phase modulation element and that cancels out the spatial disturbance given to the wavefront of the light from the object by the first phase modulation element. The imaging lenses are configured so as to satisfy Herschel's condition.

Abstract: Provided is an image-forming optical system including: image-forming lenses that form a final image and an intermediate image; a wavefront-disturbing element that is placed towards an object from the intermediate image formed by the image-forming lenses and that imparts phase modulation causing a spatial disturbance to the wavefront of light from the object; and a wavefront-restoring element that is placed at a position, between the position and the wavefront-disturbing element being the intermediate image, and that imparts, to the wavefront of the light that has formed the intermediate image, phase modulation canceling out the spatial disturbance imparted by the wavefront-disturbing element, wherein the wavefront-disturbing element and the wavefront-restoring element include optical media and optical media having different refractive indices, and the phase modulation can be imparted by means of the shapes of the interfaces of the optical media and the optical media.

Abstract: Provided is a microscope apparatus including: a light source; an illumination optical system that radiates illumination light from the light source onto an observation object; an imaging optical system that focuses light from the observation object; and an image acquisition device that acquires an image of the light focused by the imaging optical system. The imaging optical system is provided with: imaging lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image; a first phase modulation element that is disposed closer to an object than any of the at least one intermediate image and that gives a spatial disturbance to the wavefront of light from the object; a second phase modulation element that is disposed at a position for allowing the at least one intermediate image to be sandwiched with the first phase modulation element and that cancels out the spatial disturbance given to the wavefront.

Abstract: In order to prevent a flaw or the like on an optical element from overlapping an intermediate image, an observation apparatus includes: a light source; an illumination optical system; an image-forming optical system for focusing light from an observation subject; and an image-capturing element (photo-detector) for acquiring an image, wherein the image-forming optical system includes: a plurality of image-forming lenses for forming a final image and one or more intermediate images; a first phase modulator placed at the observation subject side relative to one of the intermediate images and that imparts a spatial disturbance; and a second phase modulator that is placed at a position so that one or more intermediate images is located between the position and the first phase modulator, and that cancels the spatial disturbance, and the image-forming optical system has an property for maintaining conjugacy in image formation relationship between the first and second phase modulators.

Abstract: Provided is an image-forming optical system comprising: a plurality of image-forming lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image; a first phase modulator that is disposed further on an object side than any one of the intermediate images formed by the image-forming lenses is and that applies a spatial disturbance to a wavefront of light coming from the object; a second phase modulator that is disposed at a position at which at least one of the intermediate images is flanked by the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator, and that cancels out the spatial disturbance applied, by the first phase modulator, to the wavefront of the light coming from the object; and an adjusting part for adjusting an optical magnification in an image-forming relationship between the first and second phase modulators is included.

Abstract: An optical-axis-direction scanning microscope apparatus includes: a light source; an illumination optical system for irradiating an examination object with illumination light from the light source; an image-forming optical system for collecting light from the examination object; and an image-capturing element (photodetector) that captures the light which is collected to acquire an image. Provided are: a plurality of image-forming lenses for forming a final image and at least one intermediate image; a first phase modulation element that is placed towards an object from one of the intermediate images and that imparts a spatial disturbance to the wavefront of the light from the object; and a second phase modulation element that is placed at a position, between that position and the first phase modulation element being at least one intermediate image, and that cancels out the spatial disturbance which is imparted to the wavefront of the light from the object.

Abstract: Provided is an image-forming optical system including: a plurality of image-forming lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image; and a wavefront disturbing device and a wavefront restoring device that are disposed at positions having any of the intermediate images formed by the plurality of image-forming lenses therebetween and that apply phase modulation to the wavefront of light coming from an object. The wavefront disturbing device and the wavefront restoring device have the same phase distribution including a wave-shaped phase-advancing region and phase-delaying region that are symmetrical to each other, and are paired such that light passes through the corresponding phase-advancing region and phase-delaying region having opposite wave shapes.

Abstract: Acquiring a sharp final image by preventing, even when an intermediate image is formed at a position overlapping an optical element, a flaw or the like on the optical element from being superimposed on the intermediate image. An observation apparatus including: an image-forming optical system having image-forming lenses that form a final image and an intermediate image, a first phase modulator that applies a spatial disturbance to the wavefront of light, and a second phase modulator that cancels out the spatial disturbance; a light source; an XY-scanning part including a first and a second scanner; and a photodetector. The two phase modulators are disposed at positions optically conjugate with the first scanner and have one-dimensional phase-distribution characteristics changing in the scanning direction of the illumination light.

Abstract: The imaging optical system is for acquiring a clear final image, even if an intermediate image is formed at a position that overlaps with an optical device, by preventing scratches or the like of the optical device from becoming superimposed on the intermediate image, and has imaging lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image, a first phase-modulating element that imparts a spatial disturbance to a wavefront of light from an object, and a second phase-modulating element disposed at a position so that at least one intermediate image is interposed between the element and the element and that cancels the spatial disturbance, wherein the element has cylindrical lenses arranged with a space therebetween, and arranged so that a principal point of the whole system is positioned in a vicinity of a pupil position of the imaging lenses.

Abstract: In order to obtain a clear final image by preventing scratches, foreign objects, defects, or the like of an optical device from becoming superimposed on an intermediate image even when the intermediate image is formed at a position that overlaps with the optical device, this imaging optical system has a plurality of imaging lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image; a first phase-modulating element disposed closer to an object than any one of the intermediate images, for imparting a spatial disturbance to a wavefront of light coming from the object; and a second phase-modulating element integrated with at least one optical element of the imaging lens, wherein the second phase-modulating element cancels the spatial disturbance imparted to the wavefront of the light coming from the object by the first phase-modulating element.

Abstract: In an optical fiber scanning apparatus, an optical fiber to which a permanent magnet is disposed and which is configured to emit illumination light from a distal end portion is arranged in a hollow portion where a magnetic field generation unit is disposed of a frame body, the frame body for which a cross section of the hollow portion is a square includes a first frame body for which planar coils are disposed respectively on a first surface and a second surface that are orthogonal to each other, and a second frame body for which planar coils are disposed respectively on a third surface and a fourth surface that are orthogonal to each other, and which is bonded with the first frame body, and the first surface to the fourth surface configure inner surfaces of the hollow portion.

Abstract: A high-resolution fluorescence image in which an afterimage is suppressed is obtained, even when a fluorescence detection interval is shortened. Provided is a scanning observation apparatus including a scanning unit that spatially scans pulsed excitation light emitted from a light source at prescribed time intervals on a specimen; a fluorescence detecting unit that detects fluorescence generated by exciting a fluorescent substance inside the specimen with the excitation light scanned by the scanning unit, in synchronization with the emission of the excitation light; and a fluorescence correcting unit that subtracts, from a fluorescence intensity detected by the fluorescence detecting unit, an afterimage fluorescence component calculated on the basis of time-sequential fluorescence detected by the fluorescence detecting unit prior thereto, at each scanning position, to correct the fluorescence intensity at the scanning position.

Abstract: An image-forming optical system includes a plurality of image-forming lenses that form a final image and at least one intermediate image; a first phase modulator that is disposed closer to an object side than any one of the intermediate images formed by the image-forming lenses and that applies a spatial disturbance to a wavefront of light coming from the object; and a second phase modulator that is disposed at a position that sandwiches at least one of the intermediate images with the first phase modulator and that cancels out the spatial disturbance applied to the wavefront of the light coming from the object by the first phase modulator.