Abstract: A control unit controls a lifter to raise at least part of each of a group of substrates above the liquid level of a treating liquid in a treating bath. Thereafter, a valve is opened to drain the treating liquid from the treating bath at a high speed. As a result, a physical force to tilt and adhere an upper portion of the adjacent substrates accompanied by lowering of the liquid level of the treating liquid due to the high speed drainage acts upon a lower portion of the substrates near the lowered liquid level of the treating liquid, thereby reducing the physical force exerted on the substrates. This arrangement, even if a holding interval between the substrates is narrowed at a half of a normal pitch, eliminates a contact of the adjacent substrates and prevents damage of the substrates due to the contact without providing an additional member such as a substrate support guide in the treating bath.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid crystal display apparatus in which the cell gap is uniform and the display quality is high, and also a method for manufacturing the same. In the liquid crystal display apparatus, a color filter side substrate in which a protrusion is formed by a black mask, and a TFT side substrate in which a recess is formed by a resin film such as an orientation film are bonded together via dispersed spacers therebetween, and a liquid crystal is filled between the substrates. In the resin film such as an orientation film, patterning is performed except a portion which is opposed to the protrusion, thereby forming the recess in the TFT side substrate. The formation of the recess prevents the cell gap from being pushed up even when the dispersed spacers are placed on the protrusion. Even in the case where the substrates are not flat, therefore, the cell gap can be maintained uniform.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a distributed-memory multiprocessor system having a plurality of nodes mutually connected by a network, each of the nodes having a CPU and a memory, and a plurality of user tasks which belong to the same application and are executed in different nodes, which method comprises the steps of: (a) assigning a transmission resource of a network interface in the node to a user task that will be executed next and starting the execution of the user task when a context switching operation is performed; (b) reading data written by the user task from the transmission resource, adding to the data a communication identifier that is assigned to an application to which the user task belongs and that identifies a data reception area, and transmitting the resultant data to a reception side node through the network, in the network interface of each transmission side node; and (c) selecting a data reception area for storing data received from another node from a plurality of data receiving a

Abstract: A DNA construct wherein a DNA fragment which is recombinable in yeast chromosomal DNA is directly or indirectly linked at both ends of a DNA fragment which comprises a pair of R sensitive sequences oriented in the same direction and flaking both an R gene placed under the control of an inducible promoter and an expressible selective marker gene, which is a DNA construct designed with the R sensitive sequences non-symmetrically shortened, so that no functionable R sensitive sequence remains after the R sensitive sequence recombination has occurred by expression of the R gene and the selective marker has been removed. Since no functionable R sensitive sequence remains after removal of the selective marker, recombination does not occur again, and thus the same selective marker may be used for multiple insertions of foreign genes.

Abstract: A dipping type wafer treatment apparatus includes a treatment solution bath capable of forming a uniform rising flow of a treatment solution inside from an inlet to an outlet, a treatment solution supplying unit for supplying a treatment solution at a constant velocity to the inlet of the treatment solution bath to form a uniform rising flow of the treatment solution inside the treatment solution bath and a device for dipping and retrieving the wafer into and out of the uniform flow of the treatment solution. The treatment solution is supplied from the inlet in the treatment solution bath and drown off through an outlet of the treatment solution bath. Accordingly, the treatment solution can be rapidly substituted, and the wafers to no experience contact with air during replacement of the treatment solutions.

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprises a peroxide and an amphoteric organic per acid precursor. In particular the amphoteric organic per acid precursor is a quaternary ammonium salt has the following formula in which Z is sulfonate or carboxylate and is a new compound.

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprises (a) a peroxide and (b) an organic peracid precursor having at least one group selected from (b-1) and (b-2) and then further comprises a detergent component(s).

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprises a peroxide and an amphoteric organic per acid precursor. In particular the amphoteric organic per acid precursor is a quaternary ammonium salt has the following formula in which Z is sulfonate or carboxylate and is a new compound.

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprises (a) a peroxide and (b) an organic peracid precursor having at least one group selected from (b-1) and (b-2) and then further comprises a detergent component(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA fragment having a promoter activity of PHO81 gene regulating the production of phosphatase, and which is obtainable from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.; a DNA fragment bearing a structural gene downstream from the above PHO81 promoter; a transformant containing a DNA fragment bearing the above PHO81 promoter; a transformant containing a DNA fragment bearing the above PHO81 promoter and a structural gene downstream from the PHO81 promoter; and a process for obtaining a gene product which includes culturing a transformant containing a DNA fragment bearing the above PHO81 promoter and a structural gene located downstream therefrom in a suitable medium until the gene product is formed and recovering the gene product from the culture. Pharmacologically important proteinous materials may be efficiently produced with the use of the above-described novel and potent promoter obtained from yeast which is a eukaryotic microorganism.