Abstract: A reliable optical transmission system with an improved signal control mechanism that avoids abrupt power variations of light beams, thereby preventing optical supervisory channel (OSC) signals from experiencing errors. An optical amplifier amplifies main signals under the control of an optical amplifier controller, which spends a first predetermined time to raise the output power of the optical amplifier up to a desired level. A pump light source produces a pump beam for injection to a fiber-optic transmission line so as to make it serve as an amplifying medium. The pump light source is controlled by a pump light source controller that spends a second predetermined time to raise the pump beam to a desired power level. This stepwise start-up process of the amplifier power and pump beam power prevents OSC signals from experiencing abrupt power variations.

Abstract: In a horn antenna apparatus for use in an antenna system for radar, some of the excited radio waves in a TE11 mode in a radio-wave input portion 1 are converted to those in a higher mode in a waveguide portion 5. As the inclination of a line of intersection S of the waveguide portion 5 is not fixed but continuously varied, the higher mode such as a TM11 mode and TE12 mode and the like is excited everywhere in the direction of the axis Z of the waveguide portion 5. Then the configuration of the line of intersection is determined so that an amplitude and a phase as the generated quantity of higher mode such as the TM11 mode generated in the waveguide portion 5 conform to desired values with respect to each higher mode.

Abstract: There is disclosed an optical transmission system ensuring high-quality monitor control even if an optical fiber fault occurs. A monitor instruction sending unit sends a monitor instruction. An operating condition recognizing unit receives a response signal and recognizes the operating condition. A filtering unit filters the monitor instruction and the response signal. A monitor control unit monitors the operating condition of its own repeater in response to the monitor instruction, and generates resultant response information. A pump unit generates a pump light to cause Raman amplification within an optical fiber transmission medium. A regeneration control unit performs a regeneration control of the response signal to thereby create a regenerated signal. A modulation control unit modulates the pump light by the response information or the regenerated signal to thereby generate the response signal.

Abstract: In a horn antenna apparatus for use in an antenna system for radar, some of the excited radio waves in a TE11 mode in a radio-wave input portion 1 are converted to those in a higher mode in a waveguide portion 5. As the inclination of a line of intersection S of the waveguide portion 5 is not fixed but continuously varied, the higher mode such as a TM11 mode and TE12 mode and the like is excited everywhere in the direction of the axis Z of the waveguide portion 5. Then the configuration of the line of intersection is determined so that an amplitude and a phase as the generated quantity of higher mode such as the TM11 mode generated in the waveguide portion 5 conform to desired values with respect to each higher mode.

Abstract: An optical amplifier including a pumping source for supplying pump light to an optical fiber transmission line is provided so that at least a part of the optical fiber transmission line produces Raman amplification to an optical signal. An optical filter unit for selectively switching between a first condition where the optical signal and the pump light are passed and a second condition where the optical signal is passed and the pump light is not passed is connected between the optical fiber transmission line and the optical amplifier. The power of the optical signal in the first condition is compared with that in the second condition, and the characteristics of the optical fiber transmission line, such as a splice loss therein, is evaluated according to the result of this comparison.

Abstract: An optical amplifier including a pumping source for supplying pump light to an optical fiber transmission line is provided so that at least a part of the optical fiber transmission line produces Raman amplification to an optical signal. An optical filter unit for selectively switching between a first condition where the optical signal and the pump light are passed and a second condition where the optical signal is passed and the pump light is not passed is connected between the optical fiber transmission line and the optical amplifier. The power of the optical signal in the first condition is compared with that in the second condition, and the characteristics of the optical fiber transmission line, such as a splice loss therein, is evaluated according to the result of this comparison.

Abstract: An antenna mirror surface measuring/adjusting apparatus has a plane mirror larger than an aperture surface of said principal reflection mirror and set in parallel with the aperture surface, an actuator for driving a group of mirror surface panels of the principal reflection mirror, and a receiving electric field arithmetic processor for measuring, each time the actuator shifts a position of the mirror surface panel from an initial state of the mirror surface panel of the principal reflection mirror, radio wave signals of radio waves radiated by a transmitter/receiver and reflected back from the plane mirror, obtaining an aperture surface phase distribution in an initial state of the principal reflection mirror by executing an arithmetic process on these measured signals, then gaining configurations of the mirror surface on the basis of the aperture surface phase distribution, and adjusting the mirror surface by the actuator in accordance with the obtained mirror surface configurations.

Abstract: An image processor has a transparent plate on which a document is placed, and a document cover which covers the document placed thereon. The document cover moves freely between a closed position at which it covers the transparent plate and the document placed thereon and an open position at which it permits the transparent plate to be exposed. Provision is further made of a document illumination source which moves relative to the document placed on the transparent plate, and an image sensor which receives light irregularly reflected by the document that is illuminated by the document illumination source. The image processor further has a document detector which detects the region of the transparent plate where the document exists based on an output signal from the image sensor. The document covering surface of the document cover has a regular reflectance of from 1.5 to 40% and gives a relative intensity of irregularly reflected light as received by the image sensor of from N2.5 to N8.

Abstract: In a light transmission system, each terminal equipment amplitude-modulates an optical main signal with a supervisory control signal of a proper frequency allocated to respective repeating installations. The repeating installations which have received the optical main signal demodulate the supervisory control signal from the optical main signal. The repeating installations detect that the supervisory control contains the own frequency component to judge it as a supervisory control signal addressed to the own installation from the terminal equipment. Alternatively, a branching installation is provided to extract the supervisory control signal before being coupled by an optical coupler in the branching installation, and amplitude-modulates the optical main signal at the output of the optical coupler with the supervisory control signal.

Abstract: An input monitoring system is provided in an optical amplifying repeater to monitor a level of an optical input signal. A monitored level of the optical input signal is used to detect a fault on an optical transmission path or to control a bias current for a laser diode which emits and supplies an exciting signal for exciting an optical fiber amplifier. To accurately monitor a level of the optical input signal, the input monitoring system comprises an input terminal supplied with the optical input signal, an optical fiber amplifier for amplifying the optical input signal, a first photo diode for detecting and outputting an electric signal corresponding a level of the optical input signal, and an optical switch operatively connected to the input terminal, the optical fiber amplifier and first photo diode for switching the optical input signal alternatively into the optical fiber amplifier and the first photo diode.

Abstract: A positioner supports an antenna at an optional rotating angle and the mirror surface of the antenna at different rotating angles is measured. A computer expands the measured value into series using polar coordinates system associated with the measuring system, whereby the intrinsic deformation of the mirror surface under the zero-gravity condition and the deformation due to gravity are separately measured.

Abstract: A box body construction of a digital image forming apparatus divided into an upper box body and a lower box body and having a vibration source at least in either one of the box bodies, in which vibrations occurring from the vibration source can be absorbed by vibration suppressing action of elastic members intervened and arranged between the upper box body and the lower box body. Therefore, respective box bodies are not affected by vibrations from the other box body.

Abstract: In a digital image forming apparatus, in which images of a document placed on a document table are read through scanning by a scanner unit and electrostatic latent images are formed on a photosensitive body in accordance with data as for the images of the document by a laser scanning unit (LSU) arranged under the scanner unit, the upper box body which accommodates the document table and the scanner unit can be easily opened upwards relative to the lower box body which accommodates the LSU, centering around a hinge unit provided at the back side thereof. In addition, the laser scanning unit is placed and positioned on a plurality of bar-like members which are in parallel to the drive axis center of the photosensitive body.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus provided with an image sensor making outputs for every primary color of light through reading and resolving color images to the three primary colors thereof, can exclude unnecessary developing operation pertaining to other developing agents than one or two kinds of developing agent, by distinguishing the colors based on the output per primary color from the image sensor when the color image is read, executing the developing operation through operating only the developers to accommodate one or two kinds of developing agent in the case the color distinguished at that time is the color possible to be expressed only with one or two kinds of developing agent, on the time of reproducing the color image through repeating the developing operations by a plurality of kinds of developing agent acording to the output per primary color from the image sensor.

Abstract: Guided through a sliding member by a guide member set before a photoreceptor, a plurality of developing units approach the photoreceptor in turn and face the photoreceptor, thereby to develop, at an open portion of the guide member with being projected by an enforcing member.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus provided with a developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a latent image bearing member. The developing device comprises a plurality of developing units and supporting members for supporting the developing units thereon, and an arrangement is such that any developing units can be installed detachably on any supporting members each other. Then, the developing units have a developer supplying mechanism for feeding a developer each, and a supplemental developer container can be connected to each developer supplying mechanism. Then, the supplemental developer container is connected to one developing unit, and the developing unit provided with the supplemental developer is installed on a predetermined supporting member. The remaining developing units free from the supplemental developer container are then installed on the remaining supporting members.

Abstract: In a refrigerant gas compressor wherein a refrigerant gas compressed in a cylinder bore is discharged out therefrom into a discharge chamber through a discharge port, there is provided a plurality of attenuating cavities in the discharge chamber each located in such facing relation to the discharge port that the refrigerant gas discharged through said discharge port is introduced into said cavity.

Abstract: A closed refrigerating circuit for car air conditioning includes a compressor, a condenser, a refrigerant receiver, an expansion valve, and an evaporator. The expansion valve is provided with a constant pressure controlling mechanism for maintaining a pressure in the evaporator at a constant value. The compressor is provided with a continuously variable displacement mechanism for maintaining a superheating temperature of suction refrigerant at a constant value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for guiding a paper toward a transfer region disposed in the vicinity of a sensitive member. A lower guide comprises at least two elastic members, the at least two elastic members being adapted to change elastic modulus depending upon a rigidity of the paper being conveyed toward the sensitive member, whereby the paper can be guided toward the sensitive member under the best condition, regardless of the quality of the paper.

Abstract: In the pressure control valve assembly according to the present invention, a plurality of communication passages or slits is formed in either the movable throttling plunger or its associated stationary seat portion, and such passages are so arranged that their effective communication area is variable with the plunger movement relative to the seat portion in the region where the plunger is positioned close to its full-throttling position, whereby throttling of the refrigerant gas in such a region is achieved through the effective communication area of these passages.