Abstract: An optical path setting method sets a two-way current optical path on the same route between two nodes, and sets a two-way spare optical path on a route reverse to the current optical path. The optical path accommodation efficiency is increased by sharing one spare optical path among a plurality of current optical paths having different routes. When a trouble occurs, a current optical path is switched to a spare optical path in a signaling-less manner at high speed.

Abstract: A user apparatus periodically detects the mount state of any terminal interface card, and transmits, to a center apparatus, configuration information indicative of the configuration of the user apparatus and including the detection result, when responding to a request for delay time measurement. The center apparatus recognizes and manages the configuration of the user apparatus on the basis of the configuration information. When newly mounting or removing of a terminal interface card has been recognized, the center apparatus performs newly setting releasing of a destination identifier corresponding to the mounted or removed terminal interface card, and notifies the user apparatus of the newly set destination identifier. The user apparatus, in turn, manages identification information sent from the center apparatus, in relation to the terminal interface unit corresponding to the information. As a result, exchange, addition or cancel of communication services which the user uses can be performed easily.

Abstract: In a cable network system of this invention, GSUs are installed in almost all subscriber residences. A G-STB or a G-MDM is set for a subscriber who wants to receive bidirectional services. Alternatively, an NGA is attached to an existing N-STB or N-MDM. The presence of an upward transmission signal from an in-home device is monitored in the G-STB, the G-MDM, or the NGA. While the upward transmission signal is detected, a transmission indication signal is supplied to the GSU. Only while the transmission indication signal is detected, the GSU sets a gate switch in an ON state. On the other hand, while no transmission indication signal is detected, the GSU keeps the gate switch in an OFF state.

Abstract: Light beams emitted from an optical fiber are converted into parallel light beams by a lens, and then allowed to pass through a Faraday device, followed by being converged to an incident end of the optical fiber by a lens. The Faraday device is applied with a magnetic field in a direction of the optical axis thereof from a coil. Moreover, the Faraday device is applied with a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis by a pair of magnets. When an electric current flowing in a coil 74 is changed from I to -I, the direction of a synthesized magnetic field can be rotated. Therefore, by arbitrarily changing the electric current flowing in the coil, polarization of transmission light can be controlled.

Abstract: A small-sized, inexpensive light wavelength measuring apparatus which has no mechanical movable sections but which is capable of high-speed measurement and high measurement precision to improve in reliability. In the light wavelength measuring apparatus, the intensity of incoming light is modulated by a light modulator in response to a reference signal supplied from a signal source and the modulation light is provided with a delay corresponding to the wavelength thereof through a group delay dispersion medium. The light is then converted into an electrical signal by a photoelectric converter, and a phase difference between the electrical signal and reference signal is obtained by a phase comparator, thereby measuring the wavelength of the incoming light.

Abstract: An optical network analyzer measures the amplitude characteristics and group delay time dispersion characteristics of an optical circuit device. In the optical network analyzer, the intensity of the light generated by a first light source is modulated by use of a modulation signal having a constant frequency and a constant amplitude. Part of the intensity-modulated light is used as a reference optical signal, and the remaining part is made to pass through the optical circuit device, thus obtaining an optical signal to be measured. The reference optical signal and the optical signal to be measured are photoelectrically converted into electric signals, and the modulated signal components of the electric signals are compared with each other, thus obtaining an amplitude ratio and a phase difference. The optical frequency of the first light source is swept in a constant cycle, and the amplitude ratio and phase difference are displayed on a display device in synchronism with the frequency sweeping.

Abstract: A digital signal exchange equipment is disclosed which is constructed of a combination of selector modules each constituted by a plurality of gate arrays as a parallel unit in a column direction. The respective gate array comprises a first gate for selecting one line from an n number of first input lines and connecting it to an output line, a second gate for selecting one line from an output line of the first gate and one second input line and connecting it to the second gate and a flip-flop for wave-shaping an output of the second gate and, at the same time, taking synchronization among the respective gate array. The selector module as set forth above is constructed of a semiconductor circuit device. When, in particular, a plurality of selector modules are combined together, they are arranged as a k-column/l-row array in which input bus lines are each connected to each common row and an n number of output lines are connected for each row to an n number of second input lines of the next-row selector module.

Abstract: A wide-dynamic range light receiver according to the present invention is constructed such that a non-linear impedance element is connected in series to a light-receiving element, and a resistor and a capacitor are connected in series between a connection node of the light-receiving element and the non-linear impedance element and an input terminal of a low-noise amplifier. The impedance of the non-linear impedance element increases as the output of the light-receiving element approaches a minimum reception light level, and the non-linear impedance element is finally set in the non-conductive state. Thus, at the minimum reception light level, the output current of the light-receiving element is supplied, with little loss, to the low-noise amplifier via the pure resistor and the capacitor. In addition, the impedance of the non-linear impedance element decreases exponentially in accordance with the increase in the input of the light-receiving element.

Abstract: A device for measuring the diameter of the growing portions of the single crystals grown by the Czochralski technique is provided. This device is capable of measuring the crystal diameter with a high degree of accuracy over a wide range from the small-diameter portion thereof to the large diameter portion. A one-dimensional camera 28 and a two-dimensional camera 48 are fixed to a shoulder chamber 34 in such a manner that the optical axes thereof are parallel to each other. An optical path switch-over device, consisting of a cylinder 56, a movable plane mirror 52 mounted on a cylinder rod, and a fixed plane mirror 54, is provided. When the diameter of a neck portion of the single crystal 20 having a diameter of 10 mm or less is measured, the light reflected by the plane mirrors 52 and 54 is made incident on the two-dimensional camera 48, and the diameter of a bright ring 27 is measured on the basis of the image obtained by the two-dimensional camera.

Abstract: A jig is provided for accurately and easily positioning a single crystal ingot with respect to the clamp rotary shafts of a device for grinding the peripheral surface of the ingot. The jig includes male positioning fixtures 10L and 10R and female positioning fixtures 32L and 32R. In the male positioning fixtures, negative-pressure suction cups 105 made of an elastic or viscoelastic material and blocks 101 at the backs of the cups are integrally formed with each other. In the female positioning fixtures, holes 325 are formed at the ends of the clamp rotary shafts 30L and 30R of the grinding device. The male positioning fixtures are accommodated in the holes, and the blocks are fitted into the holes so as to be concentric with the clamp rotary shafts.

Abstract: A monocrystal ingot conveying/surface grinding apparatus has a plurality of surface grinding devices 221A to 225A disposed serially, a rail 16A disposed adjacent to the ceiling along the devices, a conveying/attitude-adjusting device 20A guided by the rail 16A and having an X-Y-.theta.-.phi. stage 24 and conveyers 14 and 23 disposed below an end portion of the rail 16A and arranged to convey monocrystal ingots 10 before they are ground. The attitude of the monocrystal ingot 10 is adjusted so as to make the grinding rotation center of the monocrystal ingot 10 coincide with the center of each of clamp rotational shafts 70A and 70B of each of the surface grinding devices 221A to 225A. Furthermore, the surfaces of the monocrystal ingots 10 are ground to form cylindrical shapes by the surface grinding devices 221A to 225A, the monocrystal ingots 10 being conveyed by the conveying/attitude-adjusting device 20A and the conveyers 14 and 23.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device 32 for taking out a grown monocrystal rod 22 from monocrystal pulling up devices 10 to 14 and conveying them to a predetermined position. An object is to simplify the overall structure, which includes a plurality of monocrystal pulling up devices 10 to 14, and reducing the overall cost. A rail 31 is disposed along the monocrystal pulling up devices 10 to 14 and travelling portions 33 and 34 travel along the rail 31. The upper end portion of an upper cylinder 36 is fixed to the travelling portions 33 and 34, the upper portion of an elevational shaft 37 is inserted into the upper cylinder 36, the lower portion of the elevational shaft 37 is inserted into a lower cylinder 39 and a plate 44 is able to approach and move away from the lower cylinder 39. A plate 45 is able to rotate around a shaft 46 with respect to the position of the plate 44. Futhermore, the plate 45 has a receiving finger 53A and a holding finger 54A.

Abstract: In a frame synchronization circuit, a serial data signal, which includes a frame synchronization code constituted by an M number of bits in one frame, is converted by a serial/parallel converting circuit to a parallel data signal of a 2M-1 number of bits. An M number of pattern detectors of a first synchronization detecting circuit detect the code pattern of the first block of the frame synchronization code from the parallel data signal. A selection signal generating circuit holds outputs of the pattern detectors, and outputs them as a selection signal designating the bit position allotted to the pattern detector which detects the synchronization code pattern. An output of the serial/parallel converting circuit is delayed by a time required for the above-mentioned processing, and supplied to a selector, which selectively outputs an M-bit data signal corresponding to the bit position designated by the selection signal.

Abstract: An automatic single crystal ingot disconnector which is mounted on the uppermost chuck of the conventional single crystal ingot removing assembly, which uppermost chuck assembly is adapted to shift in the axial direction of the ingot being chucked; the proposed single crystal ingot disconnector includes: (a) a neck clamper for clamping the neck of the single crystal ingot, (b) a neck cutter for cutting through the neck of the ingot to thereby disconnect the ingot from the seed crystal to which the ingot is connected, and (c) a TV camera to view the position where the neck cutter applies a cutting operation on the neck of the ingot.

Abstract: A device for measuring offset of the axis of a single crystal lifting wire with respect to the axis of rotation of a crucible rotary shaft in a single crystal production apparatus based upon Czochralski method. The apparatus comprises a base plate (16, 16A, 16B) mounted on a table (12) fixed to the upper end of the crucible rotary shaft (10), a weight suspended from the wire (34) and having a stylus projected downward from the lower end thereof or capable of downwardly emitting a laser beam (36C), a device mounted on the base plate and capable of optically detecting the position of said stylus or said laser beam, and a device for displaying the detected position.

Abstract: A recharging device suitable for use in a Czochralski-type monocrystal ingot pulling apparatus, includes a shaft (3) which is suspended from a pulling element (1), a ring slider (8) capable of sliding along the shaft, a stopper (20) for stopping the downward movement of the ring slider, a pair of hooks (9, 11, 13) pivotably connected to the shaft below the ring slider and capable of assuming hooking and unhooking positions, and a pair of rods (16) each having one end connected to the hooks such that when the ring slider slides upward relative to the shaft the pair of the rods cause the hooks to assume their unhooking position, and when the ring slider slides downward relative to the shaft the rods cause the hooks to assume their hooking position.

Abstract: An apparatus for smoothing the surface of a monocrystal ingot comprising a center axis finding device, an external cylindrical grinding unit, an ingot setting unit, and an automatic diameter control unit which controls the grinding amount of the external cylindrical grinding unit responsive to the result of the measurement of the local diameter of the monocrystal ingot.

Abstract: A laser device according to the present invention having a semiconductor laser which has at least two longitudinal modes .lambda..sub.0 and .lambda..sub.1 both of which are able to oscillate, and oscillating at the single longitudinal mode .lambda..sub.0. The device further comprises input means which inputs a wave nearly coincident with .lambda..sub.1 to the semiconductor laser to switch the oscillating wavelength from .lambda..sub.0 to .lambda..sub.1. The semiconductor laser maintains its oscillating wavelength .lambda..sub.1 even if the intensity of said wave input from said input means reduces.

Abstract: A device used in a single-crystal production apparatus based on Czochralski method and designed for measuring the offset of the wire for lifting the growing crystal. In order to enable an easy and appropriate mounting and adjustment of the crystal lifting wire, while preventing abnormal oscillation of the axis of rotation of the growing crystal, the device has a block which fits in the upper end opening of a chamber. The block has a central through-hole which the wire penetrates. Light sources and photo-detectors are arranged to oppose each other across the through-hole. Slits are arranged between the wire and the photo-detectors. The device measures the offset from the outputs of the photo-detectors, and an alarm activates when the measured wire offset has exceeded an upper limit. In another form, the assembly including the block, light sources, photo-detectors and the slits is substituted by linear image sensor cameras.

Abstract: An external cylindrical grinding unit which comprises a supporting system for supporting a cylindrical body to be ground, a measurement system for measuring the cylindrical body, an arithmetic system for calculating an optimal center axis of the cylindrical body based on the measurement thereof, an alignment system for aligning the optimal center axis of the cylindrical body with the rotation axis about which the cylindrical body is rotated for grinding, and a driving system for driving movable elements of the unit.