Abstract: An external cylindrical grinding unit which comprises a supporting system for supporting a cylindrical body to be ground, a measurement system for measuring the cylindrical body, an arithmetic system for calculating an optimal center axis of the cylindrical body based on the measurement thereof, an alignment system for aligning the optimal center axis of the cylindrical body with the rotation axis about which the cylindrical body is rotated for grinding, and a driving system for driving movable elements of the unit.

Abstract: A cone tail chuck apparatus for chucking a conical body comprising: a plurality of abrasive stones arranged in a circle; a first drive device for causing the abrasive stones to spin; a second drive device for causing the abrasive stones to move centripetally (inwardly); and a frame,which chuck apparatus is operated by:(i) pressing the abrasive stones centripetally on the curved surface of the conical body;(ii) operating the first drive device to cause the abrasive stones to spin;(iii) operating the second drive device to cause the abrasive stones to move centripetally into the conical body; and(iv) operating the first drive device to cause the abrasive stones to cease spinning when the abrasive stones has moved into the conical body by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: In the pulsed FM system, the input signal is first modulated into the pulse FM signal. Thereafter, this pulse FM signal is modulated into the pulsed FM signal by the frequency divider. This pulsed FM system is suitable to CATV.

Abstract: N framing units block N-channel input digital signals, respectively, to provide blocked signals. The framing units respond to a common block synchronization signal from a multiplexing unit to provide the blocked signals in a time relation suitable for multiplexing. The multiplexing unit multiplexes the blocked signals from the framing units to provide a multiplexed signal (higher-order group signal).

Abstract: This invention provides a zero signal state detecting circuit for detecting zero signal state of the signal in an optical receiver or optical repeater. The zero signal state detecting circuit in accordance with the present invention comprises a level shifting circuit, a smoothing circuit, a first comparator, a peak detecting circuit and a second comparator. The output signal from the timing circuit to produce two output signals is shifted by the level shifting circuit. One of the two outputs of the level shifting circuit is smoothed by the smoothing circuit. The output of the smoothing circuit and the other one of the outputs of the level shifting circuit are compared by the first comparator and the output is detected by the peak detecting circuit. The output of the peak detecting circuit is compared by the second comparator against a reference voltage, and the zero signal state of the optical receiving signal is detected.

Abstract: In this information transmission system, a PCM encoder is provided for time-division multiplexing multichannel audio signals and a digital character information signal to generate a time-division multiplexed, or TDM, information signal. The TDM information signal is angle-modulated by the modulator to generate an angle-modulated information signal. This signal is supplied to a frequency-division multiplexer, which multiplexes the angle-modulated information signal and an image signal so as to generate a frequency-division multiplexed, or FDM, information signal which is adapted to be supplied to a certain subscriber.

Abstract: The voltage-controlled variable-frequency pulse oscillator in accordance with the present invention comprises an integrating capacitor, a variable current source for generating charging current for said integrating capacitor in response to the controlling voltage, a fixed current source for discharging said capacitor, a switching circuit for controlling the discharge of said capacitor, a comparator for outputting a discrimination signal by comparing the voltage of the capacitor and a reference voltage, and a multivibrator for receiving the discrimination signal from the comparator and for outputting a pulse signal with a frequency corresponding to the controlling voltage from the variable current source. The multivibrator comprises an R-S flip-flop for receiving the discrimination signal output by the comparator at its set side OR-NOR gates, and receiving and inverting the output of the reset side gate which is delayed by a prescribed time to the reset side OR-NOR gate.

Abstract: In an optical instrumentation system, sensor units are solely constructed optically and each sensor unit comprises a subcarrier generating section for causing periodic changes in the light intensity of light wave from a light source corresponding to the wavelength sweep of the light source to generate a subcarrier, and a sensor section for modulating the subcarrier by detected information, and at the receiving end of the system a demultiplexing section is provided for demultiplexing detected information by selecting the subcarrier.

Abstract: A pair of chromium masks of similar pattern are optically read out to generate video signals corresponding to the patterns thereon. Comparison of the pair of masks is carried out in binary signals converted from the video signals using different recognition thresholds, thereby discriminating defects in the masks. Defect information is recorded in a recording medium and used for identifying and positioning the defects in the correction process.