Abstract: Printed circuit boards with busbars for providing large current interconnections are disclosed. The printed circuit board 6 has through holes through each of which a cylindrical fixture member 12 having a top nut portion 12b extends to be secured to the board 6 by means of the bottom flange 12p and the radial outward extension 12a formed by a pressing or caulking step. Each one of the leads 4 of circuit elements 3 has a pin-shaped end portion having a male thread 4a formed thereon which engages with the nut portion 12b of a fixture member, wherein the pin-shaped portion 4a of each lead extends through a through hole formed in the busbars 1 so that the busbars 1 are securely held between the fixture members 12 and the stoppers (radial extensions) 4b formed at the base of the pin-shaped portions 4a of the leads 4. Alternatively, the busbars 1 are held between two radial outward extensions 12a and 12A of each one of the fixture member (FIG.

Abstract: In a linear actuator including a casing, an output shaft passing through the casing and being mounted slidably in a direction along the axis thereof, a solenoid coil disposed within the casing in coaxial relation to the output shaft, a magnet disposed in such a manner that the magnetic flux thereof is linked with windings of the coil, the output shaft mechanically connected to one of the magnet and the coil to form a movable part, and a spring adapted to urge the output shaft in one direction along the axis thereof, and a spacer made of high permeability material and interposed between the casing and either the coil or the magnet, whichever is fixed on the casing to form a stationary part.

Abstract: A flat plate optical element and a method for preparing the same are disclosed, which flat plate optical element comprises an optical element with a predetermined pattern formed by ion diffusion from a restricted region within a flat substrate, wherein an ion diffusion layer having a uniform thickness is formed with the same ions as those used for forming the optical element on the whole surface of the substrate opposite to the surface on which the optical element is formed, and the total volume of the optical element is substantially equal to the total volume of the ion diffusion layer.

Abstract: A container coupling device is disclosed for coupling upper and lower containers together in a simple and reliable manner to allow for reliable transport of stacked containers. The container coupling device includes a rotation restriction mechanism provided between a lower insertion shank and a lower engaging body. The lower engaging body is formed on upper and lower sides with tapered surfaces. A rotary shaft has a spring to bias the lower engaging body in a locking direction. The rotation restriction mechanism serves to temporarily prevent the lower engaging body from turning in the locking direction. This rotation restriction action can be released by additional turning torque in the locking direction. Such torque is produced when the upper or lower tapered surfaces engage with an engaging hole in the container. Upon release of the restriction mechanism, the spring will turn the lower engaging body toward the locking position.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory circuit comprises memory cells, word lines, digit line pairs, load elements, a data bus line pair and a sense amplifier. The load elements are diode type semiconductor elements, and the information of the memory cell is read by using potential difference in forward voltages of the elements.

Abstract: A disc drive apparatus employs a locking mechanism for locking a movable base structural component to a stationary frame during disc loading and unloading operations. The locking mechanism is associated with a head drive mechanism which drives a head including a head for transferring information between a disc and the head, toward and away from the disc, so that the locking mechanism is operated between the locking position in which the movable base frame is restricted from movement relative to the stationary frame, and on unlocking positon in which the movable base frame is permitted to move relative to the stationary frame.

Abstract: A first reticle is located at an object position of a lens to be evaluated. The first reticle is formed with a first diffraction grating. A stage supports the first reticle. A coherent light source illuminates a whole region of the first diffraction grating. A spatial filter blocks a 0-order component of diffraction light from the first diffraction grating. A second reticle is located at an image position of the lens and is formed with a second diffraction grating. A stage moves the second reticle within a projection range of the lens. Interference fringes are formed on the second reticle by re-diffraction by the lens. Moire fringes are caused by the second diffraction grating and the interference fringes. The moire fringes are observed.

Abstract: An irradiator is disclosed for irradiating dosimeters type used to monitor environmental exposure or exposure of personnel to radiation. The irradiated dosimeters are used as standards against which dosimetry analysis equipment is calibrated. The invention provides an improved design for an irradiator which permits uniform irradiation of dosimeters over a wide range of radiation doses and which can provide both primary and secondary standards for calibration purposes. The irradiator includes a shielded housing designed with an optimum geometry to ensure uniform dosage across the face of the dosimeter, a filter to prevent undesirable scattered radiation from reaching the dosimeter during exposure, and a movable radiation attenuator to permit large differences in desired dose to be easily accommodated.

Abstract: An orthogonal two-axis moving apparatus includes a first guide member which extends along one direction and is attached to a stationary position, a slide block which is slidably supported on the first guide member and is movable in the one direction, and a second guide member which extends along the other direction perpendicular to the one direction and is supported by the slide block to be movable in the other direction. First and second rollers are pivotally supported on two ends of the first guide member, a third roller is pivotally supported on one end of the second guide member, and intermediate rollers are pivotally supported on four corner portions of the slide block. A coupling belt is provided and has two ends of which are fixed to the other end of the second guide member and which is looped in a cross shape on the first to third rollers and the four intermediate rollers.

Abstract: A process for producing a denatured manganese dioxide for the hydration reaction of cyanohydrins comprising reacting an aqueous permanganate salt solution and an aqueous manganese (II) compound in an acidic aqueous solution at a temperature of 70.degree. C. to 130.degree. C. is disclosed. The manganese dioxide catalyst obtained by the process exhibits a high activity over a long period in the preparation of an amide by the hydration of the corresponding cyanohydrin.

Abstract: A dry type toner for electrophotography is disclosed which comprises as the main components (a) a coloring agent; and (b) a polyol resin serving as a binder agent in an effective amount, the polyol resin being prepared by subjecting a bisphenol-type epoxy resin containing epoxy groups, which may contain secondary hydroxyl groups, to reaction steps (1), (2) and (3), or steps (2) and (3), in any sequential combination, until substantially no epoxy groups remain in the polyol resin, wherein the reaction step (1) comprises a step of causing the epoxy groups in the bisphenol-type epoxy resin to react with a primary amine; the reaction step (2) comprising a step of causing the epoxy groups to react with a compound containing one active hydrogen capable of reacting with the epoxy groups; and the reaction step (3) comprising a step of esterifying at least part of the secondary hydroxyl groups or hydroxyl groups produced in the bisphenol-type epoxy resin by reaction step (1) and/or reaction step (2) by use of an ester

Abstract: A method of cleaning an image retainer by removing remaining toner particles from the retainer after transferring a multi-color toner image which is obtained by a multi-color toner image forming process wherein charging, image writing-in, and developing steps are repeated at least twice, abutting a cleaning member against the retainer after a final image writing-in step of the image forming process has been completed, and releasing the cleaning member from abutment after the cleaning has been completed but not during the image writing-in step for forming a next multi-color toner image.

Abstract: A semiconductor light-emitting device includes a pair of clad layers and an active layer sandwiched thereby which together are disposed between a substrate and a cap layer so as to form a monolithic array of double-heterojunction regions each including therein a plurality of light-emitting portions of the active layer for emitting light from the end face thereof so that the light-emitting portions are arrayed in a row and electrically separated from each other. The substrate is formed at one side thereof with a concave and convex configuration following a stripe pattern so that the clad layers, active layers and the cap layers are each arranged in the form of a corrugated configuration following the concave and convex configuration of the substrate.

Abstract: An antitumor substance BE-12406 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is represented by the general formula ##STR1## and a method of producing the novel substance.

Abstract: In a speaker which comprises a diaphragm having a vibrating portion and an annular conductive portion, a current feeding coil facing the conductive portion with a predetermined gap therebetween, and a magnetic circuit including a top plate, a magnet and a yoke plate to which the current feeding coil is attached; the diaphragm is formed so that an electrical resistance of its conductive portion is lower than an electrical resistance of its vibrating portion.

Abstract: A catalytic component for olefin polymerization, produced by a process which comprises causing (A) magnesium metal, (B) a halogenated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula, RX [wherein R stands for an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a cycloalkyl group each having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and X for a halogen atom], and (C) a compound represented by the general formula, X.sub.n.sup.1 M(OR.sup.1).sub.m-n [wherein X.sup.1 stands for a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, M for a boron, carbon, aluminum, silicon, or phorphorus atom, R.sup.1 stands for a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m for the valency of M, and m>n.gtoreq.

Abstract: A magnet-inclusive component is furnished for use in an occupant protecting system, such as a seat belt system, for a motor vehicle. The component includes a magnet and at least one member located adjacent the magnet. The magnet is molded or cast in situ in the adjcent member, preferably by integrally incorporating a magnetizable member in the adjacent member upon formation of the latter by molding or casting and then subjecting the magnetizable member to magnetization.

Abstract: A photographic recording apparatus is provided having a housing body, and a process cartridge unit including a photoconductive drum and a developing device and which is removably mounted on the housing body. The cartridge unit includes a first and a second frame which are pivotable about a rotation axis of the drum relative to each other, and a biasing member for biasing the two frames to thereby hold the frames in a first relative angular position. The housing body includes a portion for holding the cartridge unit such that the two frames are held in a second relative angular position, which is established by pivoting the two frames from the first relative angular position against a biasing action of the biasing member. The first and second frames each having holes or openings that are initially misaligned, cooperate in an overlapping fashion to provide at least one opening through which a portion of the drum is exposed outside the frames, when the frames are placed in the second relative angular position.