Abstract: An immunopotentiator for enhancing an immunoactivity of mammals is characterized by comprising as an active ingredient a nucleic acid containing a special nucleic acid base, a derivative thereof or a plasmid having the nucleic acid containing the special nucleic acid base.

Abstract: A method of converting one or more bases in a target DNA sequence in a cell comprising transferring a single-stranded DNA fragment having 300 to 3,000 bases, which is prepared from a single-stranded circular DNA, is homologous with the target DNA sequence and contains the base(s) to be converted, into a cell.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal device using carbon films capable of aligning liquid crystal molecules simultaneously with deposition, a manufacturing apparatus of the liquid crystal device, a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal device and a forming method of an alignment film. The liquid crystal device comprises: substrates 1a and 1b opposing to each other and including electrodes; an optical cell formed between the opposing electrodes; liquid crystal molecules 2 filled in the optical cell; carbon films 5a and 5b deposited adhered on a side of at least one of the substrates 1a and 1b, which is exposed to the liquid crystal molecules 2, in order to align the liquid crystal molecules 2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. The liquid crystal display includes a common electrode panel comprising a common electrode; a thin film transistor array panel facing the common electrode panel; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the common electrode panel and the thin film transistor array panel, wherein the common electrode has a reflectivity of about 5% or less for incident light passing through the thin film transistor array panel.

Abstract: A broad crystal display panel having a color filter substrate is supported by supporting nails and the middle portion of a supporting span is pressed by a loading bar. From this state, the supporting nails are removed to release the supporting, and subsequently the supporting nails are also removed to release the supporting the color filter substrate. While preventing the displacement between the color filter substrate and a TFT array substrate, the color filter substrate and the TFT array substrate can be stacked with a specified distance.

Abstract: A broad crystal display panel having a color filter substrate is supported by supporting nails and the middle portion of a supporting span is pressed by a loading bar. From this state, the supporting nails are removed to release the supporting, and subsequently the supporting nails are also removed to release the supporting the color filter substrate. While preventing the displacement between the color filter substrate and a TFT array substrate, the color filter substrate and the TFT array substrate can be stacked with a specified distance.

Abstract: Provided are a method of fabricating an alignment film of a liquid crystal display device, which is capable of simply patterning the alignment film at an accurate location and an etching apparatus used therein. The method includes forming an alignment film on a substrate having an electrode pad at a position corresponding to a transfer electrode for applying a voltage to a common electrode, and locally etching the alignment film to expose the electrode pad without using a mask pattern.

Abstract: A system for determining the amount of LC that is dropped on a display panel is presented. The system can adjust the amount of the LC to be dropped based on a real-time feedback on the amount of LC that is currently being dropped. The amount of LC that is being dropped is detected by utilizing a light source and a CCD camera. Because LC is not consumed wastefully and the detection interval is shortened with this system, the amount of LC that is dropped can be controlled more accurately and manufacturing cost is reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring response time of a display apparatus including a photographing part including a charge coupled device camera and a microscope, an image processing part receiving a picture taken from a photographing part and calculating the response time thereof, and a control part applying a predetermined image signal to the display apparatus and controlling the photographing part to take a picture change of the display apparatus at a predetermined time.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fixing device and method of fixing substrate to provide holding means capable of surely fixing and positioning a sheet-like substrate even in vacuum, and to provide an operational mechanism thereof. A fixing device includes: a carrier plate for setting a glass substrate thereon; a claw for pressing the glass substrate set on the carrier plate, when the glass substrate is set thereon, by sandwiching the glass substrate from the periphery thereof; and an airbag having air sealed therein and expanding by lowering an external pressure. The claw is operated by using expansion of the airbag as power, thereby fixing the glass substrate.

Abstract: A method of dropping liquid crystal comprises storing the liquid crystal in a receiving space, and pressurizing the liquid crystal to discharge the liquid crystal in at least two directions. An apparatus for dropping liquid crystal comprises a discharge body including a plurality of first discharge holes and a receiving space, the plurality of first discharge holes being formed in a sidewall of the discharge body and the receiving space being connected to the first discharge holes and receiving the liquid crystal, and a discharge unit that is configured to discharge the liquid crystal from the discharge body through the first discharge holes.

Abstract: An insulating film comprising an organic silicon material having a C—Si bond and a Si—O bond is used for a semiconductor integrated circuit, and for polishing of its surface, a polishing compound comprising water and particles of at least one specific rare earth compound selected from the group consisting of a rare earth oxide, a rare earth fluoride, a rare earth oxyfluoride, a rare earth oxide except cerium oxide and a composite compound thereof, or a polishing compound having the above composition and further containing cerium oxide particles, is used. It is possible to provide a high quality polished surface which is free from or has reduced defects such as cracks, scratches or film peeling.

Abstract: A polishing compound for chemical mechanical polishing of a substrate, which comprises (A) abrasive grains, (B) an aqueous medium, (C) tartaric acid, (D) trishydroxymethylaminomethane and (E) at least one member selected from the group consisting of malonic acid and maleic acid, and more preferably, which further contains a compound having a function to form a protective film on the wiring metal surface to prevent dishing at the wiring metal portion, such as benzotriazole. By use of this polishing compound, the copper wirings on the surface of a semiconductor integrated circuit board can be polished at a high removal rate while suppressing formation of scars as defects in a polishing step.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fixing device and method of fixing substrate to provide holding means capable of surely fixing and positioning a sheet-like substrate even in vacuum, and to provide an operational mechanism thereof. A fixing device includes: a carrier plate for setting a glass substrate thereon; a claw for pressing the glass substrate set on the carrier plate, when the glass substrate is set thereon, by sandwiching the glass substrate from the periphery thereof; and an airbag having air sealed therein and expanding by lowering an external pressure. The claw is operated by using expansion of the airbag as power, thereby fixing the glass substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fixing device and method of fixing substrate to provide holding means capable of surely fixing and positioning a sheet-like substrate even in vacuum, and to provide an operational mechanism thereof. A fixing device includes: a carrier plate for setting a glass substrate thereon; a claw for pressing the glass substrate set on the carrier plate, when the glass substrate is set thereon, by sandwiching the glass substrate from the periphery thereof; and an airbag having air sealed therein and expanding by lowering an external pressure. The claw is operated by using expansion of the airbag as power, thereby fixing the glass substrate.

Abstract: A broad crystal display panel having a color filter substrate is supported by supporting nails and the middle portion of a supporting span is pressed by a loading bar. From this state, the supporting nails are removed to release the supporting, and subsequently the supporting nails are also removed to release the supporting the color filter substrate. While preventing the displacement between the color filter substrate and a TFT array substrate, the color filter substrate and the TFT array substrate can be stacked with a specified distance.

Abstract: A broad crystal display panel having a color filter substrate is supported by supporting nails and the middle portion of a supporting span is pressed by a loading bar. From this state, the supporting nails are removed to release the supporting, and subsequently the supporting nails are also removed to release the supporting the color filter substrate. While preventing the displacement between the color filter substrate and a TFT array substrate, the color filter substrate and the TFT array substrate can be stacked with a specified distance.

Abstract: Provided are a remote counting system, a remote counting method, and a computer-readable medium, with which it becomes possible to achieve labor saving in tabulating work and to expedite the tabulating work. A remote counting system includes a portable terminal (2) that is capable of being carried to a counting place and a remote counting server (3) that is connected to the portable terminal (2) through a communication line. In this system, the portable terminal (2) sends a button pushing operation signal inputted by the pushing of an input button to the remote counting server (3) through the communication line. The remote counting server (3) identifies communication from the portable terminal (2), detects the button pushing operation signal from each portable terminal, records the number of operations for pushing the buttons of the portable terminal (2) on the basis of the detected button pushing operation signal, and performs tabulation.

Abstract: Operation switches 9 are mounted on a steering wheel for operating control apparatuses installed in an automotive vehicle. A supporting body 8 is provided which is disposed inwardly of a wheel rim 2 and substantially concentrically with the wheel rim 2 and having a cross-section partially constituted by an arc 15. The operation switches 9 are disposed on the supporting body 8 and are capable of moving in a circumferential direction of the supporting body 8. By using the operation switches 9 capable of moving in the circumferential direction of the supporting body 8, the direction in which the switches move becomes radial relative to the steering wheel, whereby a number of operation switches can be disposed on the steering wheel in a collective fashion. The direction in which a single switch is operated becomes two ways, and therefore two control functions for a control apparatus can be controlled with a single switch, thus making it possible to make an individual switch multifunctional.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fixing device and method of fixing substrate to provide holding means capable of surely fixing and positioning a sheet-like substrate even in vacuum, and to provide an operational mechanism thereof. A fixing device includes: a carrier plate for setting a glass substrate thereon; a claw for pressing the glass substrate set on the carrier plate, when the glass substrate is set thereon, by sandwiching the glass substrate from the periphery thereof; and an airbag having air sealed therein and expanding by lowering an external pressure. The claw is operated by using expansion of the airbag as power, thereby fixing the glass substrate.