Abstract: A magnetic recording system includes an in-plane magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer fabricated on a single underlayer or on a plurality of underlayers respectively fabricated on a substrate; a driver unit for driving the in-plane magnetic recording medium in a write direction; a magnetic head having a read unit and a write unit; a unit for moving the magnetic head relative to the in-plane magnetic recording medium; and a read/write signal processing unit for reading an output signal from the magnetic head and writing an input signal to the magnetic recording media, wherein the read unit of the magnetic head is a magnetoresistive head and the single underlayer or at least one of the plurality of underlayers is made of Co-containing amorphous material or fine crystal material, or is made of alloy material, the alloy material having as the main components at least one element selected from a group consisting of Cr, Mo, V and Ta and containing at least one element selected from a group consisting o

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having at least two magnetic layers and a non-magnetic intermediate layer held between them. The first magnetic layer (which is closer to the substrate than the non-magnetic intermediate layer) is formed from an alloy composed of Co, Pr, and Cr, with Pt content being 3-9 at %. The second magnetic layer (which is farther from the substrate than the non-magnetic intermediate layer) is formed from a Co-based alloy containing Pt, Cr, and B. The first and second magnetic layers are magnetized in the mutually antiparallel direction in the absence of an applied magnetic field.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system includes an in-plane magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer fabricated on a single underlayer or on a plurality of underlayers respectively fabricated on a substrate; a driver unit for driving the in-plane magnetic recording medium in a write direction; a magnetic head having a read unit and a write unit; a unit for moving the magnetic head relative to the in-plane magnetic recording medium; and a read/write signal processing unit for reading an output signal from the magnetic head and writing an input signal to the magnetic recording media, wherein the read unit of the magnetic head is a magnetoresistive head and the single underlayer or at least one of the plurality of underlayers is made of Co-containing amorphous material or fine crystal material, or is made of alloy material, the alloy material having as the main components at least one element selected from a group consisting of Cr, Mo, V and Ta and containing at least one element selected from a group consisting o

Abstract: There will be provided a magnetic recording medium in which film thickness of the DLC layer is 5 nm or less, a tangential force of the magnetic head is small, having excellent durability to sliding property, and there will be obtained a magnetic storage device capable of stable floating of the magnetic head at 10nm or less. There will be used a magnetic recording medium having a primary coat layer, a magnetic layer, and an overcoat layer on a substrate, wherein the overcoat layer is composed of a DLC film, and in an area in which depth from the surface of the DLC film is 13 Å or less, there is formed a CN bond.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system includes an in-plane magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer fabricated on a single underlayer or on a plurality of underlayers respectively fabricated on a substrate; a driver unit for driving the in-plane magnetic recording medium in a write direction; a magnetic head having a read unit and a write unit; a unit for moving the magnetic head relative to the in-plane magnetic recording medium; and a read/write signal processing unit for reading an output signal from the magnetic head and writing an input signal to the magnetic recording media, wherein the read unit of the magnetic head is a magnetoresistive head and the single underlayer or at least one of the plurality of underlayers is made of Co-containing amorphous material or fine crystal material, or is made of alloy material, the alloy material having as the main components at least one element selected from a group consisting of Cr, Mo, V and Ta and containing at least one element selected from a group consisting o

Abstract: A charging member has a conductive core, a conductive elastic layer formed on the surface of the conductive core, and a wearing surface layer to be used also as a resistance controlling layer formed on the surface of the conductive elastic layer, and comprising a surface layer-forming resin and a resistance controlling conductive filler, developing conductivity by electron conduction and having a specific wearing amount of 5.0×10−4 (mm3/N·km) or more, the charging member capable of preventing deterioration of the charging performance of a charging member caused by contamination of the surface layer of the charging member, and maintaining stable and satisfactory uniform charging property and image quality for a long period of time, and always keeping the surface clean by positively wearing the surface layer of the charging member.

Abstract: A speaker apparatus has a damper for supporting vibrating elements including a vibrating diaphragm. The damper is formed by injecting a predetermined amount of a resin material into a metal mold of an injection molding equipment.

Abstract: The invention is to suppress a fluctuation in resistance of a charging member due to the environment and the applied voltage, and to suppress the charging potential of a photosensitive article to realize uniformity in charging by preventing generation of leakage at a part of a low resistance on the surface of the photosensitive article. The charging member may have a conductive core material, a conductive elastic layer formed on a surface of the conductive core material, and a resistance adjusting layer for adjusting a resistance between the conductive core material and the surface of the article to be charged, formed on a surface of the conductive core material, have a material for forming the resistance adjusting layer and a conductive filler for adjusting resistance that exhibits conductivity by electronic conduction, and having a volume resistivity of 5.times.10.sup.5 .OMEGA..multidot.cm or more at an electric field of 5.times.10.sup.4 V/cm.

Abstract: In a thin film magnetic disk, a micro projections are formed on a substrate in a circumferential direction. A height of the micro projections is several nm to several tens of nm and a density of the micro projections is several hundred pcs/mm to several tens of thousands of pcs/mm.sup.2. With this arrangement, a magnetic disk fulfilling a head floating characteristic of a narrow space and further fulfilling a mechanical anti-sliding characteristic such as a contact start-stops characteristic and a head stickiness and the like is provided so that high reliability is attained. In the thin film magnetic disk, a bearing ratio curve of a sectional shape measured in a radial direction of the textured substrate has a bearing ratio of 0.1 to 10% at the surface layer (a cutting height of 5 to 10 nm). In this way, a pressure receiving area under a sliding of the magnetic head is increased.

Abstract: A charging device which is pressed against a surface of a body to be charged in a state that a voltage is applied to charge the body, having: an electrically conductive support to which a voltage is applied; an electrically conductive elastic body layer fixed on the electrically conductive support for dispersing electrically conductive particles to regulate resistance and hardness; an electrode layer provided on the electrically conductive elastic body layer, and having an electrically conductive inorganic material; and a resistance regulation layer provided on the electrode layer for regulating resistance.

Abstract: The present invention describes a charging device pressed against the surface of a body to be charged in a state of being applied with a voltage so as to charge the body. The charging device includes an electrically conductive support to which a voltage is to be applied; an electrically conductive elastic body layer fixed on the electrically conductive support; a resistance regulation layer covering the electrically conductive elastic body layer; and a protective layer laminated on the resistance regulation layer, having hardness of 6 H or more in pencil hardness, and made from a silicon compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic disk unit of a high memory capacity wherein a magnetic head and a magnetic disk with a lubricant layer formed on the surface thereof are allowed to perform a relative motion in a mutually contacted state to write and read out information of a high recording density, and the invention is also concerned with the shape and material of the magnetic head suitable for a continual sliding motion of the head on the magnetic disk surface, as well as the lubricant layer formed on the disk surface. According to the present invention, the magnetic head, which has a slider surface of a predetermined curvature, is supported by an arm through a spring and is pushed onto the magnetic disk surface with the lubricant layer formed thereon, then with rotation of the magnetic disk, the lubricant layer liquefies and information is recorded or read out in a contacted state of the head and the disk.

Abstract: A charging device which is pressed against a surface of a body to be charged in a state that a voltage is applied to charge the body, having an electrically conductive support to which a voltage is applied; an electrically conductive elastic body layer fixed on the electrically conductive support for dispersing electrically conductive particles to regulate resistance and hardness; an electrode layer provided on the electrically conductive elastic body layer, and having an electrically conductive inorganic material; and a resistance regulation layer provided on the electrode layer for regulating resistance.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system includes an intermediate layer arranged between adjacent ones of a plurality of magnetic layers constituting a magnetic recording medium, the magnetic recording medium driven by a drive section in the recording direction, and a magnetic head including a write section and a read-back section set in relative motion with respect to the magnetic recording medium. Signals are applied to the magnetic head and the output signals from the magnetic head are read back by a read/write signal processing device. The read-back section of the magnetic head includes a magnetoresistive magnetic head. The magnetic layers of the magnetic recording medium include crystal grains having different crystal orientations and existing in overlapped positions in the direction perpendicular to the medium surface. High-density information read/write operation thus is made possible with an improved reliability.

Abstract: In a thin film magnetic disk, a micro projections are formed on a substrate in a circumferential direction. A height of the micro projections is several nm to several tens of nm and a density of the micro projections is several hundred pcs/mm to several tens of thousands of pcs/mm.sup.2. With this arrangement, a magnetic disk fulfilling a head floating characteristic of a narrow space and further fulfilling a mechanical anti-sliding characteristic such as a contact start-stops characteristic and a head stickiness and the like is provided so that high reliability is attained. In the thin film magnetic disk, a bearing ratio curve of a sectional shape measured in a radial direction of the textured substrate has a bearing ratio of 0.1 to 10% at the surface layer (a cutting height of 5 to 10 nm). In this way, a pressure receiving area under a sliding of the magnetic head is increased.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus comprising: a vacuum container; an evacuation means for keeping the interior of the vacuum container at a pressure not higher than atmospheric pressure; a substrate support device for supporting a substrate to be subjected to plasma processing; an electrode for generating plasma in cooperation with the substrate support; a voltage supply for applying a voltage to the electrode; a gas introducing system for introducing a gaseous material into a space where the plasma is produced; a surrounding member for enclosing the space above the substrate support, and a drive for relatively moving the surrounding member to space an end of the surrounding member proximate from the substrate from at least one of the substrate support and the substrate supported thereon by a distance which is short enough to suppress plasma leakage during the plasma processing and to position the end of the surrounding member away from said at least one of the substrate support and the substrate thereon for char

Abstract: A camera system includes a zoom driving mechanism driven by a motor for varying the focal length of a lens, a detecting device for detecting the focal length of the lens, and a controller for automatically stopping the motor after a predetermined time period from the time when the detecting means detects the fact that the focal length of the taking lens reaches a telephoto end or a wide-angle end.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for aircraft is disclosed, which has a flight maneuver system mounted on the aircraft and provided with a maneuver signal input and output system for controlling the aircraft depending on flight conditions. The system includes a differentiating circuit responsive to a first output signal for calculating an actuating speed of a servo actuator and for generating a speed signal Vc, a load calculating circuit responsive to the load signal for computing the load on the actuator and for producing a load signal, a pressure calculating circuit responsive to the speed and load signals for computing a pressure Ps to the actuator and for producing a pressure signal, and a setting circuit responsive to the pressure signal for deciding an optimum pressure of the hydraulic pump so as to precisely control the flight surface without energy loss. The pressure Ps is calculated by the following formula:Ps=E.multidot.(Vc/Vm).sup.2 .multidot.

Abstract: A camera system includes a zoom driving mechanism driven by a motor for varying the focal length of a lens, a detecting device for detecting the focal length of the lens, and a controller for automatically stopping the motor after a predetermined time period from the time when the detecting means detects the fact that the focal length of the taking lens reaches a telephoto end or a wide-angle end.

Abstract: A camera provided with an image-shake preventing function includes an image-shake preventing arrangement for preventing an image shake, and a restricting circuit for restricting the operation of the image-shake preventing means in response to setting of an interval shooting mode or a remote-controlled shooting mode.