Abstract: The photomultiplier tube 1 is provided with a casing 5 made of an upper frame 2 and a lower frame 4, an electron multiplying part 33 having dynodes 33a to 33l arrayed on the lower frame 4, a photocathode 41, and an anode part 34. Conductive layers 202 are installed on an opposing surface 20a of the upper frame 2. The electron multiplying part 33 is provided with base parts 52a to 52d of the respective dynodes 33a to 33d installed on the side of the lower frame 4, and power supplying parts 53a to 53d connected to the conductive layers 202 at one end parts of the respective base parts 52a to 52d in a direction along the opposing surface 40a. The base parts 52a to 52d are constituted in such a manner that the both end parts are joined to the opposing surface 40a, the central part is spaced away from the opposing surface 40a, and a cross sectional area at the one end part on the side of each of the power supplying parts 53a to 53d is made greater than a cross sectional area at another end part.

Abstract: The photomultiplier tube 1 is provided with an electron multiplying part 33 having a plurality of stages of dynodes 33a to 331 arrayed along a direction at which electrons are multiplied on an inner surface 40a of a casing 5 and a photocathode 41 and an anode part 34 installed so as to be spaced away form the electron multiplying part 33 inside the casing 5. Each of the dynode 33c to 33e is provided with a plurality of columnar parts 51c to 51e where secondary electron emitting surfaces 53c to 53e are formed, thereby forming electron multiplying channels C between adjacent columnar parts.

Abstract: Electrons are prevented from being made incident onto an insulation part of a casing between dynodes to improve a withstand voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for making it possible to easily realize high detection accuracy and fine processing, and a method of manufacturing the same. The photomultiplier comprises an enclosure having an inside kept in a vacuum state, whereas a photocathode emitting electrons in response to incident light, an electron multiplier section multiplying in a cascading manner the electron emitted from the photocathode, and an anode for taking out a secondary electron generated in the electron multiplier section are arranged in the enclosure. A part of the enclosure is constructed by a glass substrate having a flat part, whereas each of the electron multiplier section and anode is two-dimensionally arranged on the flat part in the glass substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for making it possible to easily realize high detection accuracy and fine processing, and a method of manufacturing the same. The photomultiplier comprises an enclosure having an inside kept in a vacuum state, whereas a photocathode emitting electrons in response to incident light, an electron multiplier section multiplying in a cascading manner the electron emitted from the photocathode, and an anode for taking out a secondary electron generated in the electron multiplier section are arranged in the enclosure. A part of the enclosure is constructed by a glass substrate having a flat part, whereas each of the electron multiplier section and anode is two-dimensionally arranged on the flat part in the glass substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a fine configuration capable of realizing stable detection accuracy. The photomultiplier has a housing whose inside is maintained vacuum, and a photocathode, an electron-multiplier section, and an anode are disposed in the housing. In particular, one or more control electrodes disposed in an internal space of the housing which surrounds the electron-multiplier section and the anode are electrically connected via one or more connection parts extending from an electron emission terminal of the electron-multiplier section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a fine structure capable of realizing high multiplication efficiency. The photomultiplier comprises a housing whose inside is maintained vacuum, and, on a device mounting surface which is a part of an inner wall surface defining an internal space of the housing, a photocathode serving as a reflection type photocathode, an electron-multiplier section, an anode, and a voltage distributing section are disposed integrally. In particular, the electron-multiplier section is constituted by dynodes at multiple stages cascade-multiplying photoelectrons from the photocathode, and the voltage distributing section, which applies corresponding voltages to the dynodes at the respective stages respectively, is on the same surface together with the electron-multiplier section.

Abstract: An object is to sufficiently keep the airtightness in a vacuum container even when it is made smaller. A photomultiplier tube 1 comprises a flat sheet-like lower substrate 4, a casing-like frame 3b erected on the lower substrate 4, an upper substrate 2 including a frame 3a airtightly joined to an opening part of the frame 3b while holding a low-melting metal therebetween, and a frame-like projection 25b arranged in parallel with the frame 3b on the inner side of the frame 3b on the lower substrate 4.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel (18) is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate (13) with one end of a side tube (15) and hermetically joining a stem (50) with another end via a ring-shaped side tube (37). Within the vacuum vessel (18), a focus electrode (17), dynodes (Dy1-Dy9), an anode (25), and a dynode (Dy10) are arranged from the side of a photocathode (14) provided to the faceplate (13). The dynode (Dy10) is supported on spacers (33) and a positioning protrusion (31) provided on the stem (50). The anode (25) is placed on support members (21). The focus electrode (17), the dynodes (Dy1-Dy9), and the anode (25) are stacked with inter-layer members (23) interposed therebetween, the inter-layer members (23) being located coaxially with the support members (21), to ensure high anti-vibration performance. Because the anode (25) and the dynode (Dy10) have no insulating body therebetween, light emission is suppressed and noises can be reduced.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate to one end of a side tube and a stem to the other end via a tubular member. A photocathode, a focusing electrode, dynodes, a drawing electrode, and anodes are arranged within the vacuum vessel. The dynodes and the anodes have a plurality of channels in association with each other. The drawing electrode is placed on electrically-conductive supporting pins penetrating the stem. The dynodes are stacked with insulating members interposed between one another. Since the supporting pins and the insulating members are arranged coaxially, each electrode can be fixed by applying pressure in z-axis direction. At the same time, emission of light between the anodes and the drawing electrode can be suppressed, thereby enabling noise to be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a fine structure capable of realizing high detection accuracy by effectively suppressing cross talk among electron-multiplier channels. The photomultiplier comprises a housing whose inside is maintained vacuum, and, in the housing, a photocathode, an electron-multiplier section, and anodes are disposed. The electron-multiplier section has groove portions for cascade-multiplying photoelectrons as electron-multiplier channels, and the anodes are constituted by channel electrodes corresponding to the groove portions respectively defined by wall parts. In particular, at least parts of the respective channel electrodes are located in spaces sandwiched between pairs of wall parts defining the corresponding groove portions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of obtaining a photoelectric converting device which can sufficiently maintain airtightness of a housing space for photocathode without degradation of the characteristics of the photocathode. In accordance with the manufacturing method, on the side wall end face of a lower frame and a bonding portion of an upper frame forming an envelope of the photoelectric converting device, a multilayered metal film of chromium and nickel is formed. In a vacuum space decompressed to a predetermined degree of vacuum and having a temperature not more than the melting point of indium, these upper and lower frames introduced therein are brought into close contact with each other with a predetermined pressure while sandwiching indium wire members, and accordingly, an envelope having a housing space whose airtightness is sufficiently maintained is obtained.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate to one end of a side tube and a stem to the other end via a tubular member. A photocathode, a focusing electrode, dynodes, a drawing electrode, and anodes are arranged within the vacuum vessel. The tubular member is disposed on the periphery of the stem, and supporting pins and lead pins penetrate and are fixed to an extending section that protrudes from the tubular member. The supporting pins and the lead pins are arranged in cutout portions of the dynodes and the drawing electrode, thereby allowing effective areas of each electrode to be enlarged. Further, protuberant sections are formed on the connecting sections of each pin with the stem, thereby facilitating thickness control of the stem.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate to one end of a side tube and a stem to the other end via a tubular member. A photocathode, a focusing electrode, dynodes, a drawing electrode, and anodes are arranged within the vacuum vessel. At the center of the stem an air discharging tube is connected. The air discharging tube includes an outer side tube and an inner side tube, which are disposed coaxially and connected to each other at the stem side. The outer side tube has high adhesiveness with the stem and the inner side tube is thin and has small stress when being cut, thereby enabling the joint with the vacuum vessel not to be damaged when the air discharging tube is sealed.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel is configured by hermetically joining a faceplate to one end of a side tube and a stem to the other end via a tubular member. A photocathode, a focusing electrode, dynodes, a drawing electrode, and anodes are arranged within the vacuum vessel. The dynodes and the anodes have a plurality of channels in association with each other. Each electrode has cutout portions that overlap in a stacking direction, and supporting pins and lead pins are arranged in the cutout portions. A bridge is provided in a concave section arranged between unit anodes, and the bridge is cut off after the anode plate is placed on stem pins. Effective areas of each electrode and the anode are secured sufficiently, thereby allowing electrons to be detected efficiently.

Abstract: Electrons are prevented from being made incident onto an insulation part of a casing between dynodes to improve a withstand voltage.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube 1 is an electron tube comprising an envelope 5 including a frame 3b having at least one end part formed with an opening and an upper substrate 2 airtightly joined to the opening, and a photocathode 6 contained within the envelope 5, the photocathode 6 emitting a photoelectron into the envelope 5 in response to light incident thereon from the outside; wherein multilayer metal films 10b, 10a each constituted by a metal film made of titanium, a metal film made of platinum, and a metal film made of gold laminated in this order are formed at the opening and the joint part between the upper substrate 2 and opening; and wherein the frame 3b and upper side substrate 2 are joined to each other by holding a joint layer 14 containing indium between the respective multilayer metal films 10b, 10a.

Abstract: An envelope has a glass bulb body and a cylindrical glass bulb base. The glass bulb body includes an upper hemisphere and a lower hemisphere. The upper hemisphere is curved in a substantially spherical shape. The lower hemisphere is substantially curved in a spherical shape and connects the upper hemisphere and glass bulb base. A photocathode is formed on the inner surface of the glass bulb body. An avalanche photodiode is disposed on the glass bulb body side relative to an intersection between an imaginary extended curved surface of the lower hemisphere within the glass bulb base and an axis. When light enters the photocathode, electrons are emitted from the photocathode. The electrons are converged at the position above and in the vicinity of the APD by an electrical field in the electron tube, so that the electrons enter the APD in an efficient manner and are detected satisfactorily.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of obtaining a photoelectric converting device which can sufficiently maintain airtightness of a housing space for photocathode without degradation of the characteristics of the photocathode. In accordance with the manufacturing method, on the side wall end face of a lower frame and a bonding portion of an upper frame forming an envelope of the photoelectric converting device, a multilayered metal film of chromium and nickel is formed. In a vacuum space decompressed to a predetermined degree of vacuum and having a temperature not more than the melting point of indium, these upper and lower frames introduced therein are brought into close contact with each other with a predetermined pressure while sandwiching indium wire members, and accordingly, an envelope having a housing space whose airtightness is sufficiently maintained is obtained.

Abstract: An object is to sufficiently keep the airtightness in a vacuum container even when it is made smaller. A photomultiplier tube 1 comprises a flat sheet-like lower substrate 4, a casing-like frame 3b erected on the lower substrate 4, an upper substrate 2 including a frame 3a airtightly joined to an opening part of the frame 3b while holding a low-melting metal therebetween, and a frame-like projection 25b arranged in parallel with the frame 3b on the inner side of the frame 3b on the lower substrate 4.