Abstract: The invention provides a paper supply apparatus for an image reading apparatus, an image reading apparatus with a paper supply apparatus and a paper supply apparatus which can be used suitably with an image scanner wherein a large amount of paper sheets can be taken out one by one with certainty and read successively and rapidly. The paper supply apparatus successively supplies paper sheets accommodated therein to a paper transport mechanism along which an optical image reading mechanism is disposed, and comprises a paper supply hopper, a paper supply roller located above the paper supply hopper for forwarding the paper sheets accommodated in the paper supply hopper, a paper supply roller driving mechanism for rotating the paper supply roller, and a paper separation mechanism for preventing two or more paper sheets forwarded by the paper supply roller from being sent to the paper transport mechanism.

Abstract: An inkjet printer provided with an ink jet print head having a nozzle, an ink channel that is connected to the nozzle, and an electrostatic actuator that is composed of a diaphragm that is provided in a part of the ink channel and an electrode placed outside of the ink channel opposite to the diaphragm. The diaphragm is distorted by means of an electrostatic force generated by applying a first voltage to the electrostatic actuator. A second voltage, different than the first voltage, is applied to the actuator to relax the diaphragm and to discharge ejecting ink droplets from the nozzle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic color image forming machine registers which a second color toner image on a first color toner image which has been previously formed on an image carrier to form a color image. The registered images are then transferred onto a recording sheet. The machine includes control apparatus that includes first and second exposure control modulators which respectively control an exposure amount of at least one of the first color toner images and the second color toner image. A smoothing processor controls at least one of a size and a position of at least one of the first and second color toner dot images within each of a plurality of pixels and a discriminator determines whether one of the size and the position of the dot image should be controlled.

Abstract: A photoelectric copier for reproducing an image of a document onto a recording sheet, comprising a document supporter, a conveyer for conveying the document onto the document supporter, a scanner for scanning the document on the document supporter and generating an image signal, and an image determiner for determining a density and a color of the image according to the image signal, wherein the scanner is positioned at a predetermined location in a conveyance path of the document before the document is conveyed onto the document supporter and a first scanning, wherein the image is scanned by the scanner while the scanner is stayed at the predetermined location and the document is conveyed onto the document supporter, is executed so that the density and the color are determined by the image determiner according to the image signal.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus includes an image reading section which reads an image by scanning it and separating the colors of the image into a plurality of colors; and image processing section which processes the output of the image reading section and outputs the image information of these colors; a recording section which forms an image of these colors in the image region of a photoreceptor according to the image information and transfers the image onto a recording paper; an operating section which sets the copy conditions and controls the above-described sections, wherein the image forming apparatus can copy the document image according to an automatic color selection mode in which the color conditions of the document image is judged, and a color to be used and a copy process in accordance with the color to be used can be automatically determined.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus includes an image reader which reads an image of an original by scanning the original and separating the scanned image into at least two colors, an image processor which processes the output of the image reader to output at least two-color image data, an image recorder which forms at least two color images in the image region of an image retainer, the color images being formed on the basis of the image data and then transferred to copying paper, a color discrimination which discriminates chromatic conditions of first and second pages separately by preliminarily scanning under a continuous page copying mode and an automatic color selection mode, and a color controller for automatically determining available colors and copying processes on the basis of color data for the first page and likewise, available colors and copying processes on the basis of color date for the second page.

Abstract: A method of cleaning an image retainer by removing remaining toner particles from the retainer after transferring a multi-color toner image which is obtained by a multi-color toner image forming process wherein charging, image writing-in, and developing steps are repeated at least twice, abutting a cleaning member against the retainer after a final image writing-in step of the image forming process has been completed, and releasing the cleaning member from abutment after the cleaning has been completed but not during the image writing-in step for forming a next multi-color toner image.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus wherein a color image is formed by rotating plural times an image retainer and repeating a latent image formation and a development. The start timing of an image forming cycle is controlled by using one of reference signals corresponding to one of a plurality of predetermined positions on the image retainer and the start timing of another image forming cycle is controlled by using another of the reference signal.

Abstract: A DNA sequence on which a chromosomal DNA sequence coding for human interferon-.gamma. (HuIFN-.gamma.) and having a TATA box is ligated to a sequence of a promoter. Cell cultures transformed with said DNA revealed a higher expression of HuIFN- than cell cultures transformed with a DNA which does not have such TATA box. When transformed with said DNA, cell cultures produced HuIFN-.gamma. in a serum free medium. Transformed cell cultures derived from blood cells of HuIFN-.gamma. resistant human cell-line also could produce HuIFN-.gamma..

Abstract: In a color image processing apparatus according to the invention, a color image signal being photoelectrically obtained by a image reader is separated into red, blue and black color component signals. A laser scanner writes respective latent images corresponding to the color component signals on a cylindrical photoreceptor. Each of the respective latent images are written during one rotation of the photoreceptor. The initial writing positions of the respective latent images are registered by using a drum index signal generated in synchronization with the rotation of the photoreceptor. An optical output starts outputting an optical signal in response to the index signal or an encoder signal selected according to the copy mode.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus wherein image information is developed by converting the image information into an optical signal and by writing the image information on a drum-shaped image retainer with the converted optical signal to provide latent images and by developing the latent images, which are then recorded. A first writing timing is set in a first writing direction with respect to the image retainer and a second writing timing is set in a second writing direction with respect to the image retainer and the number of rotations with respect to the image retainer is calculated in accordance with the settings of the writing timings. The image information is overwritten by a number of times corresponding to the number of rotations to provide a plurality of images which may be entirely or partially or not superposed on one another.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for conducting writing and developing operations several times on an image retainer and transferring the developed images to a transfer material. An output of a developing bias power source is sequentially distributed to a plurality of developing devices in the order in which the image retainer moves from an image signal writing device and the beginning of the abutment of a cleaning member against the image retainer and the beginning of the release from the abutment fall at timing other than at least the image writing timing.

Abstract: A D-glucose solution is added molybdic acid compound thereto and heated at a temperature of 110.degree.-160.degree. C with pH 2.0-4.5 to perform epimerizing reaction of D-glucose, and thereby 30-36%, based on the D-glucose, of D-mannose is formed. To the epimerized mixture thus obtained is further added glucose-isomerase to perform enzymatic isomerizing reaction of D-glucose remaining in the epimerized mixture, thereby 46% based on the remaining D-glucose is converted into D-fructose. The epimerized mixture or enzymatically isomerized mixture is subjected to catalytic hydrogenation under high pressure, and thereby is produced D-mannitol at high yield based on the initial D-glucose.