Abstract: A non-personal basic service set control point/access point (non-PCP/AP) communication apparatus includes a reception circuit, an estimation circuit, and a transmission circuit. The reception circuit receives a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) Beacon frame including a sector sweep (SSW) field, the SSW field including a Parameter subfield indicating a value obtained by using a transmission Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of a PCP/AP communication partner apparatus and a reception antenna gain of the PCP/AP communication partner apparatus. The estimation circuit estimates an expected reception power at the PCP/AP communication partner apparatus by using the value of the Parameter subfield, and checks inequality between the estimated expected reception power and a receiver sensitivity value. The transmission circuit transmits a frame for Association Beamforming Training (A-BFT) if the estimated expected reception power is larger than the receive sensitivity value.

Abstract: A transmission device includes: a weighting synthesizer that generates a first precoded signal and a second precoded signal from a first baseband signal and a second baseband signal, respectively; a phase changer that applies a phase change of i×?? to the second precoded signal; an inserter that inserts a pilot signal into the second precoded signal applied with the phase change; and a phase changer that applies a phase change to the second precoded signal applied with the phase change and inserted with the pilot signal. The weighting synthesizer performs, in the precoding process, a calculation that uses F = ( e j ? ? 11 e j ( ? 11 + ? 4 ) e j ? ? 21 e j ( ? 21 + ? + ? 4 ) ) on the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal modulated via a modulation scheme of QPSK.

Abstract: A method for use of a wireless terminal device includes transmitting a Probe request frame by using a quasi-omni antenna pattern in a first channel if beam-forming training with a wireless base station device is not completed, selecting the wireless base station device as a connection destination if a Probe response frame corresponding to the Probe request frame is received from the wireless base station device, and performing the beam-forming training with the wireless base station device in a second channel if a time period for receiving the Probe response frame from the wireless base station device has passed.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus includes: processing circuitry, which, in operation, scans a radio connection destination candidate; and control circuitry, which, in operation, determines, when first initial-connection processing to the connection destination target fails, a start timing of second-initial connection processing based on a cause of the failure. The processing circuitry scans the connection destination candidate based on the start timing of the second initial-connection processing.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a PHY frame generating circuit that generates a PHY frame including either of a short Sector Sweep frame and a Sector Sweep frame; and an array antenna that selects, based on the PHY frame, any sector from among a plurality of sectors and transmits the PHY frame. In a case where, in the PHY frame including the short Sector Sweep frame, a Direction field of the short Sector Sweep frame indicates Initiator Sector Sweep, the PHY frame generating circuit replaces a Short Sector Sweep Feedback field indicating a number of a selected best short Sector Sweep with a Short Scrambled Basic Service Set ID field indicating an abbreviated address generated from an address of a destination communication apparatus.

Abstract: A transmission device includes: a weighting synthesizer that generates a first precoded signal and a second precoded signal from a first baseband signal and a second baseband signal, respectively; a phase changer that applies a phase change of i×?? to the second precoded signal; an inserter that inserts a pilot signal into the second precoded signal applied with the phase change; and a phase changer that applies a phase change to the second precoded signal applied with the phase change and inserted with the pilot signal. The weighting synthesizer performs, in the precoding process, a calculation that uses F = ( e j ? ? 11 e j ? ( ? 11 + ? 4 ) e j ? ? 21 e j ? ( ? 21 + ? + ? 4 ) ) on the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal modulated via a modulation scheme of QPSK.

Abstract: A communication apparatus mounted on a vehicle includes: a first communication circuit that operates as an access point of an infrastructure mode and transmits and receives a radio wave toward and from a front side of the vehicle; and a second communication circuit that operates as a station of an infrastructure mode and transmits and receives a radio wave toward and from the front side of the vehicle.

Abstract: A non-personal basic service set control point/access point (non-PCP/AP) communication apparatus includes a reception circuit, an estimation circuit, and a transmission circuit. The reception circuit receives a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) Beacon frame including a sector sweep (SSW) field, the SSW field including a Parameter subfield indicating a value obtained by using a transmission Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of a PCP/AP communication partner apparatus and a reception antenna gain of the PCP/AP communication partner apparatus. The estimation circuit estimates an expected reception power at the PCP/AP communication partner apparatus by using the value of the Parameter subfield, and checks inequality between the estimated expected reception power and a receiver sensitivity value. The transmission circuit transmits a frame for Association Beamforming Training (A-BFT) if the estimated expected reception power is larger than the receive sensitivity value.

Abstract: A transmission device that improves data reception quality includes: a weighting synthesizer that generates a first precoded signal and a second precoded signal from a first baseband signal and a second baseband signal, respectively; a phase changer that applies a phase change of i×?? to the second precoded signal; an inserter that inserts a pilot signal into the second precoded signal applied with the phase change; and a phase changer that applies a phase change to the second precoded signal applied with the phase change and inserted with the pilot signal. ?? satisfies ?/2 radians<??<? radians or ? radians<??<3?/2 radians. Each of the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal is modulated via a modulation scheme of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) using non-uniform mapping.

Abstract: In a case where an A-BFT period is not present in a BI, a PCP/AP uses a format that includes an Unsolicited RSS Enabled sub-field for indicating support for responding to unsolicited RSSs within a CBAP, for a Beacon Interval Control field of a DMG beacon frame used for executing a BTI-ISS. For example, in a case where it is indicated that responding to unsolicited RSSs within a CBAP is supported, the PCP/AP sets the value of the Unsolicited RSS Enabled sub-field to 1. In a case where the value of the Unsolicited RSS Enabled sub-field included in a received DMG beacon frame is 1, a STA responds with an unsolicited CBAP-RSS.

Abstract: A non-AP/PCP communication apparatus comprises: a receiver which receives a measurement request which is transmitted from an AP/PCP communication apparatus and which requests measurement used in SPSH executability determination; and a transmitter which transmits to the AP/PCP communication apparatus the result of carrying out the measurement on the basis of the measurement request. Using a first period, which is a period in which communication is to be carried out with a first non-AP/PCP communication apparatus, the transmitter and the receiver carry out communication with the first device using a first protocol, and in a second period which is included in the measurement request and in which communication is not carried out with the first device, the receiver carries out measurement of a received signal using the first protocol. The result includes information relating to the measurement of the received signal and information relating to the first protocol.

Abstract: A transmission device includes: a weighting synthesizer that generates a first precoded signal and a second preceded signal; a first pilot inserter that inserts a pilot signal into the first precoded signal; a phase changer that applies a phase change of i×?? to the second precoded signal, where i is a symbol number and an integer that is greater than or equal to 0; an inserter that inserts a pilot signal into the phase-changed second precoded signal; and a phase changer that applies a phase change to the phase-changed and pilot-signal-inserted second precoded signal. ?? satisfies ?/2 radians<??<? radians or ? radians<??<3?/2 radians.

Abstract: A method for use of a wireless terminal device includes transmitting a Probe request frame by using a quasi-omni antenna pattern in a first channel if beam-forming training with a wireless base station device is not completed, selecting the wireless base station device as a connection destination if a Probe response frame corresponding to the Probe request frame is received from the wireless base station device, and performing the beam-forming training with the wireless base station device in a second channel if a time period for receiving the Probe response frame from the wireless base station device has passed.

Abstract: An initiator device is provided with a generation circuit for supporting Single User (SU)-Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) operation and generating a first signal including a value that indicates which of a reciprocal MIMO phase and a non-reciprocal MIMO phase is to be applied to SU-MIMO BF training, and a transmission circuit for transmitting the first signal to a responder device. The responder device is provided with a reception circuit for receiving the first signal from the initiator device, and a processing circuit for determining on the basis of the value which of the reciprocal MIMO phase and the non-reciprocal MIMO phase is to be applied to SU-MIMO BF training.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes: control circuitry that controls transmission/reception of a first control frame and a first data frame used for communication with another communication apparatus, and controls transmission/reception of a second control frame and a second data frame used for communication with the another communication apparatus; first radio circuitry that performs radio communication of the first control frame and the first data frame using a first omni-directional antenna; and second radio circuitry that performs radio communication of the second control frame and the second data frame using a second directional antenna.

Abstract: According to a communication method of the present disclosure, a responder, after the end of transmission sector sweep (TXSS), receives from an initiator a first feedback frame including a BF training type FIELD indicating whether or not to implement a beam forming training (BFT) of a single user multi-input multi-output (SU-MIMO). If the BF training type FIELD indicates that a BFT of the SU-MIMO is to be implemented, the responder transmits to the initiator a second feedback frame based on the result of the TXSS and including a signal to noise ratio (SNR) and a sector identifier (ID) order. The initiator implements the BFT of the SU-MIMO between the initiator and the responder on the basis of the SNR and the sector ID order.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes: MAC control circuitry, which, in operation, controls transmission and reception of a control frame and a data frame that are used for communication with another communication apparatus; and radio circuitry, which, in operation, performs radio communication of the control frame and the data frame using a transmission antenna and a reception antenna, wherein, when the radio circuitry receives, from the another communication apparatus, an SSW frame including an OCB response subfield among a plurality of the control frames, the MAC control circuitry determines whether to perform data communication between the communication apparatus and the another communication apparatus in accordance with the OCB response subfield.

Abstract: A non-AP/PCP communication apparatus comprises: a receiver which receives a measurement request which is transmitted from an AP/PCP communication apparatus and which requests measurement used in SPSH executability determination; and a transmitter which transmits to the AP/PCP communication apparatus the result of carrying out the measurement on the basis of the measurement request. Using a first period, which is a period in which communication is to be carried out with a first non-AP/PCP communication apparatus, the transmitter and the receiver carry out communication with the first device using a first protocol, and in a second period which is included in the measurement request and in which communication is not carried out with the first device, the receiver carries out measurement of a received signal using the first protocol. The result includes information relating to the measurement of the received signal and information relating to the first protocol.

Abstract: Provided is a roadside unit including: communication circuitry, which, in operation, receives data transmitted from an on-board unit and transfers the data to a server; and control circuitry, which, in operation, suspends, in a case where the communication circuitry has received an upload resume request for the data from the on-board unit while the data is being transferred to the server, transfer of the upload resume request to the server.

Abstract: In a case where an A-BFT period is not present in a BI, a PCP/AP uses a format that includes an Unsolicited RSS Enabled sub-field for indicating support for responding to unsolicited RSSs within a CBAP, for a Beacon Interval Control field of a DMG beacon frame used for executing a BTI-ISS. For example, in a case where it is indicated that responding to unsolicited RSSs within a CBAP is supported, the PCP/AP sets the value of the Unsolicited RSS Enabled sub-field to 1. In a case where the value of the Unsolicited RSS Enabled sub-field included in a received DMG beacon frame is 1, a STA responds with an unsolicited CBAP-RSS.