Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a plurality of developing devices for developing an electrostatic image formed on an image bearing member, a rotary member holding the plurality of developing devices and rotated in a route including a developing position, the rotary member selectively positioning any one of the developing devices at the developing position, each of the plurality of developing devices having a first developer carrying member and a second developer carrying member for carrying a developer thereon and carrying it to the image bearing member, and a holding member holding the first developer carrying member and the second developer carrying member and pivotally movably provided.

Abstract: An object is to prevent a defective indication caused by a reverse twisted domain generated from the dummy pixel region which is provided in the periphery of a display pixel region. By setting a signal voltage to be applied to the pixels of the dummy pixel region to be lower than the maximum value of a video signal voltage which is applied to the display pixel region and also setting it to be in a level by which a defective indication is not caused due to a traverse electric field between the neighboring dummy pixel region and the display pixel region, generation of the reverse twisted domain within the dummy pixel region can be suppressed. Thereby, the defective indication caused by the reverse twist can be prevented.

Abstract: In a three-plate-type liquid crystal projector, there may be differences in the temperatures generated in each of three liquid crystal panels since the energy of light irradiated to the liquid crystal panels varies by each color. Due to the differences in the temperatures, there generates differences in the response speeds of liquid crystal molecules, which causes contours to be seen with blur tails when a moving picture is displayed. This can be overcome by the present invention in which correction amount performed on video signals supplied to three liquid crystal panels is changed by each of the three liquid crystal panels according to temperatures, when it is determined that a detected temperature has reached a prescribed value through detecting the temperature of at least one of the three liquid crystal panels, or the peripheral temperature of at least one of the three liquid crystal panels, or the temperature of a prescribed part of a liquid crystal projector.

Abstract: A display device uses the load capacitances of two signal lines to perform DA conversion. Serial digital/analog conversion circuits (SDAC) in a data driver are provided for every two adjacent signal lines and use the load capacitances of these two signal lines to successively convert to analog data those data from the parallel/serial conversion circuits (PSC), PSC that correspond to the pixels of odd-numbered pixel columns and apply the converted analog data to the pixels of odd-numbered pixel columns, and successively apply data from PSC that correspond to the pixels of even-numbered pixel columns to the pixels of even-numbered pixel columns. Because the source of error of the SDAC is determined only by the difference between the two load capacitances, a polysilicon liquid crystal display device may be and the characteristics of the TFT may consequently show fluctuation, but will not act as an error source.

Abstract: A scanning circuit having such a high operation margin for the phase deviation of clock signal that its operation is stable. The scanning circuit includes a bidirectional shift register having transfer gates of a transfer unit and a feedback circuit, the operation of which is control led by four phase clocks. The scanning circuit comprises a delay circuit (101) that delays control clocks (A, B) supplied to the transfer gates of the transfer unit (103) relative to control clocks (C, D) supplied to the feedback circuit (104).

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, a pixel matrix is divided into a plurality of pixel regions in unit of pixel column. The pixel matrix is driven so that video signals having the same polarity are written into every divided pixel regions and video signals having different polarities are written into adjacent pixel regions during a vertical period during which signals of one screen are written and the polarity of the video signals is alternately changed every vertical period.

Abstract: Pixel TFTs (channels 201) are formed along gate lines 61 such that centers of the channels 201 are positioned in positions arranged on a line A—A passing through intermediate positions between adjacent two data lines 81. A gate side LDD region 41 and a pixel side LDD region 42 of the pixel TFT are formed symmetrically about the line A—A and the storage capacitors are formed symmetrically about the line A—A. With such construction, it is possible to make leakage currents in the two LDD regions of each of the pixel TFTs of a liquid crystal display device equal each other.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a plurality of developing devices for developing an electrostatic image formed on an image bearing member, a rotary member holding the plurality of developing devices and rotated in a route including a developing position, the rotary member selectively positioning any one of the developing devices at the developing position, each of the plurality of developing devices having a first developer carrying member and a second developer carrying member for carrying a developer thereon and carrying it to the image bearing member, and a holding member holding the first developer carrying member and the second developer carrying member and pivotally movably provided.

Abstract: In an active matrix type liquid crystal display device having a structure in which a pixel TFT is disposed in a trench carved in a substrate; with a section which is not carved in but left hill-shaped being present in the vicinity of the TFT, an underneath light-shielding film 4 disposed beneath a semiconductor layer 7 of the TFT is formed so as to reach at least the top of the hill-shaped section 2a; and a metal electrode layer 9 formed above the semiconductor layer of the TFT extends to the top of the hill-shaped section 2a; and besides, on the top of the hill-shaped section, a film thickness of an interlayer insulating film (5, 8) laid between the underneath light-shielding film 4 and metal electrode layer 9 is made thinner than in other sections thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device driving method wherein pixel signals are supplied to corresponding arrays (each having 6 switches) of a data driver through pixel signal lines with 6 pixel signals of 12 pixel signals as one block. Any set of pixel signals consist of pixel signals having a polarity opposite to that of the pixel signals and pixel signals having a polarity identical to that of the pixel signals. A scanning circuit of the data driver supplies ON/OFF control signals overlapping one another in terms of time between a before block and an after block to the switch arrays. The switch arrays are successively turned ON to apply the pixel signals of blocks to corresponding data lines, respectively. Then, the pixel signals are sampled during turn-OFF of the switch arrays to be held in floating capacities of the data lines, respectively.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display unit without occurrence of abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules and deterioration of the image quality and a method for manufacturing the same. Above and below a TFT, light shielding films are disposed and further the ruggedness generated by stacking a plurality of light shielding films is smoothed using a transparent resin not absorbing light with a wavelength of not smaller than 300 nm. As this transparent resin, acrylic resins are used. As a result, according to the present invention, no abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules occurs and a problem of reverse twist, reverse tilt or the like is less probable to take place. Since the smoothening film absorbs no light of not smaller than 300 nm, neither denaturalization nor coloration nor bubbles occur in the smoothening film even under irradiating environments of intense light of a projector or the like.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a plurality of developing devices for developing an electrostatic image formed on an image bearing member, and a rotary member holding the plurality of developing devices and rotated in a route including a developing position, the rotary member selectively positioning any one of the developing devices at the developing position. Each of the plurality of developing devices has a plurality of developer carrying members carrying a developer thereon and carrying the developer to the image bearing member.

Abstract: In a sequential driving method for time-divisionally displaying a plurality of color signals in respective ones of sub-frames forming one frame in a liquid crystal display apparatus including a plurality of data lines, a plurality of gate lines, and a plurality of liquid crystal pixels each including a liquid crystal cell and a switching element, black signals are written into all of the liquid crystal pixels at a beginning period of each of the sub-frame. Then, one of the color signals is sequentially written into rows of the liquid crystal pixels while the gate lines are sequentially selected. Finally, a respective one of a plurality of backlights each corresponding to one of the color signals is turned ON at an end period of each of the sub-frame.

Abstract: A driving apparatus includes a plurality of driving devices; a plurality of malfunction detectors for detecting a malfunction of the driving devices; a plurality of electric current setting devices for setting electric currents through the driving devices; a controller for controlling the plurality of driving devices, malfunction detectors and the electric current setting devices, wherein the controller is effective to set standard electric currents, maximum tolerable electric currents, standard speeds, minimum rotatable speeds and maximum tolerable speeds of the plurality of driving devices, and a total current applied to the plurality of driving devices, wherein the driving devices are given priorities depending on influential ranges of functions of the driving devices, wherein when the malfunction detector detects a malfunction of the driving devices, the electric current setting device raises the setting of the electric current of the driving device at which the malfunction is detected within the maximum

Abstract: In a drive circuit for driving a liquid crystal display, a video signal generating block for generating a video signal to be supplied to a display panel, includes, for each of R (red), G (green) and B (blue), and coupled in the named order, a ADC circuit for analog-to-digital converting a video signal, two memories each having a capacity which can hold signals of one line of the display panel, a V-T compensation circuit for compensating a non-linearity of a transparent light strength to an input voltage of the display panel, a polarity inverting circuit for an AC driving of liquid crystal pixels in the display panel, a DAC circuit for digital-to-analog converting the digital signal outputted from the polarity inverting circuit, and an output selection circuit for supplying a precharge voltage to the display panel.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display unit without occurrence of abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules and deterioration of the image quality and a method for manufacturing the same. Above and below a TFT, light shielding films are disposed and further the ruggedness generated by stacking a plurality of light shielding films is smoothed using a transparent resin not absorbing light with a wavelength of not smaller than 300 nm. As this transparent resin, acrylic resins are used. As a result, according to the present invention, no abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules occurs and a problem of reverse twist, reverse tilt or the like is less probable to take place. Since the smoothening film absorbs no light of not smaller than 300 nm, neither denaturalization nor coloration nor bubbles occur in the smoothening film even under irradiating environments of intense light of a projector or the like.

Abstract: A display device that uses the load capacitances of two signal lines to perform DA conversion is disclosed. Serial digital/analog conversion circuits (SDAC) that are provided in a data driver are provided for every two adjacent signal lines and use the load capacitances of these two signal lines to successively convert to analog data those data from, of the parallel/serial conversion circuits (PSC), PSC that correspond to the pixels of odd-numbered pixel columns and apply the converted analog data to the pixels of odd-numbered pixel columns, and successively apply data from PSC that correspond to the pixels of even-numbered pixel columns to the pixels of even-numbered pixel columns. Because the source of error of the SDAC is determined only by the difference between the two load capacitances, a liquid crystal display device may be constructed from polysilicon and the characteristics of the TFT may consequently show fluctuation, but these factors will not act as a source of output error of the SDAC.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active matrix liquid crystal display device, comprising: a pixel matrix; a data driver circuit for driving data lines; and gate driver circuits for driving gate lines. These constituting elements are all manufactured on the same substrate, and the data driver circuit and the gate driver circuits are formed outside a sealing region located outside the pixel matrix. In this case, all data lines formed between the data driver circuit and the pixel matrix are substantially covered by at least one metal layer which is composed of a metal different from that of the data lines, wherein the metal layer is adapted to perform both light shielding and reduction of electrostatic coupling capacitance between the data lines. Thus, it is possible to improve image quality by reducing noise generated following voltage fluctuation between data lines without providing any new metal layers for shielding.

Abstract: Pixel TFTs (channels 201) are formed along gate lines 61 such that centers of the channels 201 are positioned in positions arranged on a line A-A passing through intermediate positions between adjacent two data lines 81. A gate side LDD region 41 and a pixel side LDD region 42 of the pixel TFT are formed symmetrically about the line A-A and the storage capacitors are formed symmetrically about the line A-A. With such construction, it is possible to make leakage currents in the two LDD regions of each of the pixel TFTs of a liquid crystal display device equal each other.

Abstract: Novel polyimide copolymer, which is a copolymer of isopropylidene-bis-(4-phenyleneoxy-4-phthalic acid)dianhydride and 6-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole or a copolymer of two kinds of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides consisting of isopropylidene-bis-(4-phenyleneoxy-4-phthalic acid)dianhydride and 3,3′,4,4′-benxophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 6-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole, can form a metal laminate by direct lamination with metallic foils. The metal laminate can fully satisfy the peel strength.